【2022】八年級下英語第一單元知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)【人教版】

Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?詞匯（1）人民教育出版社fall eorgodownfromforceofweight,lossofbalance,etc;drop;become示例Thebookfellofftheshelf.這本書從架子上掉了下來。用法fall“跌落”，例如：Ifellbackinmychair.我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一種是作為系動詞，與形容詞連用，表示進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)，如：fallasleep入睡（進(jìn)入睡眠的狀態(tài)）。fallfallen。fall用作“”satlisteningtothefalloftherainontheroof.我坐著聽雨點(diǎn)落在屋檐上的聲音。fall還可以表示“秋天”autumn意思相同。詞匯擴(kuò)展常用搭配：fallasleep入睡 fallbehind落后于（某人或某物）falldown跌落 fallinlovewith喜愛；愛上falloff掉下 fallover跌落；被絆倒諺語：Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.不進(jìn)則退。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕兵必?cái)?。aloneadv. Withoutanycompanions示例Idon'tlikegoingoutaloneafterdark.我不愿意天黑后獨(dú)自外出。用法alonglonely：alone“獨(dú)自的（地）；單獨(dú)的（地aloneonone'sown，byoneselfalone用作形容詞時，一be動詞連用，在句中作表語。例如：Sheisaloneathome.她獨(dú)自一人在家。alone用作副詞修飾動詞時，放在動詞后面作狀語。例如：Iliketoworkalone.我喜歡獨(dú)自一人工作。alone用作副詞“yearalone,we'vealreadyplantedtenthousandtrees.僅是今年，我們已經(jīng)載了一萬顆樹。lonely“”有“孤寂”“”alonelyisland.Lonely“”wasalonebutIfeellonely.我獨(dú)自一人，但我并不感到孤獨(dú)。詞匯拓展常用搭配：let/leavesomebody/somethingalone不干涉某人或某物；聽其自然letalone不管；不必考慮諺語：Anevilchanceseldomcomesalone.禍不單行dressv.putclothesonyourselforsomeoneelse示例Issheoldenoughtodressherselfyet?她會自己穿衣服了嗎？用法dress還可以用作名詞，表示“女服；連衣裙；服裝”。例如：Maryworealongreddresslastevening.dress，putonwear：用作動詞時，dress既可以表動作，也可以表狀態(tài)，常用人作賓語，意思是“……穿衣服”，isonlyagirlofthree.Shecan'tdressherself.給自己穿衣dressoneself(=getdresseddress表示狀態(tài)時，bedressedin結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：Shewasdressedinaredcoat.她穿著一件紅色的上衣。puton意思是“穿（戴）上”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。例如：Heputonhiscoatandwentout.就出去了。wear意思是“穿（戴）著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。例如：Lucy'smotheroftenwearsapairofglasses.西的母親常常戴著一副眼鏡。詞匯擴(kuò)展常用搭配：dress(somebody)up(insomething/assomebodyorsomething)化妝打扮諺語：Eattopleasemyself,butdresstopleaseothers.吃是使自己受用，穿是使別人受用。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?詞匯（2）人民教育出版社unpleasantadj.notpleasant;notenjoyable示例Thereisanunpleasantsmellfromthisroom.這屋子里散發(fā)出一種難聞的氣味。用法unpleasant可以表示“foundhismannerveryunpleasant.態(tài)度討厭極了。詞匯拓展相關(guān)詞：unpleasantlyadv.厭惡地反義詞：pleasantadj.令人愉快的記憶導(dǎo)航unpleasantpleasantun-構(gòu)成的。類似這種構(gòu)詞法的詞還有：able有能力的——unable沒有能力的；happy高興的——unhappy不高興的。hundred n.thenumber100;averylargenumberofthingsorpeople（一）百；許多（事物或人示例Thetreewasprobablyahundredyearsold.這棵樹可能已經(jīng)有一百年了。Hundredsofpeopleattendedthefamousdirector'sfarewellconcert.的告別音樂會。用法hundred用于數(shù)詞或含有數(shù)量意義的詞之后，一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：threehundred,afewhundred等。但當(dāng)hundred表示“”意思時，它面前不用具體數(shù)字，而常用hundredsofhundredsome，afew，severalHercoatcosthundredsofdollars.thousandsof數(shù)以千計(jì)的；許多的，millionsof數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的；無數(shù)的。詞匯拓展Onegoodheadisbetterthanahundredstronghands.Tohearahundredtimesisnotsogoodastoseeonce.百聞不如一見。ofthesamekindasthethingorpersonwhichhasalreadybeenmentioned（那（那種示例Henoticedhernecklace.Suchjewelsmusthavecostalot,hethought.這樣的首飾肯定價(jià)格不菲。用法suchso：such“（那（那haveneverseensuchabeautifulplacebefore.我從未見過這么美的地方。需要特別注意的是，such修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，應(yīng)該按照如下詞序：such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。so“這（那）么；這（那）”，修飾形容詞、副詞和分詞。例如Ihaveneverseensobeautifulaplacebefore.我從未見過這么美的地方。同樣，需要特別注意的是，so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。此外，當(dāng)名詞few，many，little，muchso。例如：somanypeople，sofewdays，somuchtime，solittlemoney等。詞匯拓展常用搭配：suchas例如 suchandsuch某某；這樣那樣的諺語：There'snosuchthingasafreelunch.世上沒有免費(fèi)的午餐。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?詞匯（3）人民教育出版社in prep. 在……之后（用于將來時）in100years在一百年后Peoplewillhaverobotsintheirhomesin100years.一百年以后，人們家中會有機(jī)器人。比較：after在……之后（用于過去時，表示從過去某時間起一段時間之后）Hewillcomebackintwohours.他兩小時后會回來。Hecamebackaftertwohours.他是兩小時后回來的。less,fewer比較少；more比較多l(xiāng)esslittlefewerfew的比較級，修飾可數(shù)名詞moremuchmany的比較級much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，many修飾可數(shù)名詞Ihavelessmoneythanhehas.我的錢比他的少。Therearemorebuildinginthiscitythaninthat這個城市的樓房比那個城市多。fallinlovewith... 愛上……LastyearIvisitedtheartexhibitionandfellinlovewiththeworkofPicasso.去年我參觀了藝術(shù)展，愛上了畢加索的作品。akindof... 一種；somekindsof... 幾種akindofbook 一種書fivekindsofflowers 五種花manydifferentkindsofgoldfish 各種不同的金魚（fish單復(fù)數(shù)相同，此處是復(fù)數(shù)）aswellastoo同義Helikesthisbookandhelikesthatbook,too./Helikesthisbookaswellasthatbook.他喜歡這本書，也喜歡那本書。Shecancomehere,too./Shecancomehereaswell.她也能來。worth adj. 值……；值得……；相當(dāng)于……價(jià)值Thishouseisworth$10000. 這個房子價(jià)值一萬美元be(well)worthdoingsth.（很）值得做Thatfilmis(well)worthseeing. 那部電影（很）值得看。Thesebooksareworthreadingtwice. 這幾本書值得看兩遍。knockdown... knockdownthepins擊倒球柱knockdownthemachine拆除機(jī)器knock組成的詞語還有：knockon(at)thedoor敲門knockintosb.撞了某人knockup叫醒Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?詞匯（4）人民教育出版社prediction n. 預(yù)言，預(yù)測predict v. predict+that后接從句，如Theweatherforecastpredictssunshinefortomorrow.天氣預(yù)告說明天陽光明媚。Ipredictthathewillwin.我預(yù)測他會贏。papermoneypapern.apieceofpaperpapermoneypaper是名詞做定語，表材質(zhì)，只用單數(shù)。newspapern.報(bào)紙，可數(shù)名詞space n. 表示“宇宙，空間時”，不可數(shù)名詞；通常前面不用冠詞。Therearemanystarsinouterspace.在太空中有很多恒星。Travelthroughspacetootherplanetsinterestsmanypeople.現(xiàn)在很多人對穿越太空去其他星球旅行感興趣。besides prep. 除了……aswellas,inadditiontoBesidesbasketball,healsoplayssoccerwell.除了打籃球以外，他踢足球也踢得很好。AllofuspassedbesidesJohn.除了約翰外，我們也都及格了。IalsowenttherebesidesMary.除了瑪麗我也去了。Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?語言要點(diǎn)廣東省教育廳教研室---WhatdoyouthinkSallywillbeinfiveyears?---Ithinkshe'llbeadoctor.---Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein100years?---Everyhomewillhavearobot.---Willkidsgotoschool?---No,theywon't.They'llstudyathome.---Therewillbefewertrees.robot,creditcard,leisuretime,pollution,astronaut,apartment,rockets,spacestation,moon,fewer,fallinlovewith,WorldCup,inthefuture,thesameas,helpwithUnit1Willpeoplehaverobot?寫作人民教育出版社Myfutureisnotadream.參考句型及詞匯：Intenyearsormore,Iwill...try,studyhard,keepfit,workwell,makeachievement,achievesuccess...寫作點(diǎn)撥：寫演講稿時應(yīng)注意：決心。暢想未來時，應(yīng)用一般講來時。參考范文：MyFutureisnotadream.Future!Whatanexcitingword!VeryoftenIaskmyself:"Whatwillthefuturebelike?"SometimesIsitatmydesk,daydreaming.CouldImakegreatachievementinthefuture?Willmyfuturebeabedofrose?CanIgraspthechanceswhentheycometome?Intenyearsormore,willIbeworkingasascientist,ateacherorasoldier?Afterwork,whatotherthingscanIdo?MaybeIcangotomanyplacesandseetheworld.AndI'llhavemoreleisurehoursforbooks.TherearesomanybooksIwanttoread.I'llgoswimmingintherealsea,andtoskateonrealice!Facingthefuture,Icouldn'thelpfeelingexcited.Asajuniormiddleschoolstudent,firstofallImuststudyhard,keepfitandworkwell.Furthermore,IwilllearnEnglishwell.I'lldomybestandI'msureI'llachievesuccess.Ifeelconfidentformyfuture.Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots?閱讀（1）人民教育出版社ReadthefollowingpassageandChoosethebestanswers．(讀短文，選擇最佳答案。)Peoplebegantomakerobotsaboutseveralhundredyearsago.Inthepast,someoftheearlyoneslookedlikeanimalsorhumans.However,theycouldn'ttalkandwereprettydumb.Theyworkedlikeclocksanddidthesamethingsoverandover.Nowmodernrobotsdon'talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines;othersarenothingbutlongarmsattachedtoboxy(箱子般四方)bodies.However,modernrobotsaresmart.Somecansolveproblemsontheirown.Theirbrainsarecomputersandtheireyesaresensors(傳感器).Motors(發(fā)動機(jī))helpthemmove.Inthefuture,robotswilllearnfromtheirmistakesmorethantheydonow.Theywillbesmarter.It'spossiblethatwewillhaverobotjudges,robothouse-holdworkers,androbotfactoryworkers.Robotswillhelppeopletodomorethings.( )1．Howlongisthehistoryofrobots?Hundredsofyears．Severalhundredyears．Sevenhundredsyears．( )2．What'sthepossiblemeaningof"dumb"?A．Talkinglikepeople．B．Clever．C．Unintelligent．( )3．Mostrobotslooklikepeople ．A．Inthepast．B．Now．C．Inthefuture．( )4．WhichofthefollowingisfalseaboutmodernA．Somerobotscansolveproblemsontheirown．B．Somerobotsarelikebigmachines．C．Somerobots'brainsaresensors．( )5．Whatcan'trobotsdointhefutureaccordingtothepassage?Theycanhelppeopledohousework．Theycanworkinfactory．Theycanhavebrainsaspeople．參考答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.CUnit1Willpeoplehaverobots?閱讀（2）人民教育出版社WriteTfortrueorFforfaIseforeachsentenceaccordingtothepassage．(根據(jù)短文判斷對錯。)Robotsseemverynewtomosttheyhavealongfirstonewasmadebyainventor.Youmayseerobotsinsomefilms.Therobotsinthesefilmsarestronger,fasterandclevererthanpeople.Inreallife,mostrobotsareusedinfactories.Theyareusedtodomanydangerous,difficultorboringjobs.Somepeoplecan'tlookafterthemselvesandrobotsareusedtohelpthem.Forexa