新編大學(xué)英語第三版Book 4 Unit 4 After Class reading中英對(duì)照

新編大學(xué)英語第三版Book4Unit4AfterClassreading中英對(duì)照新編大學(xué)英語第三版Book4Unit4AfterClassreading中英對(duì)照新編大學(xué)英語第三版Book4Unit4AfterClassreading中英對(duì)照資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月新編大學(xué)英語第三版Book4Unit4AfterClassreading中英對(duì)照版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：ALongMarchtoCreativity培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性——任重道遠(yuǎn)HowardGardner[1]

TheJinlingHotelisacomfortable,modernhotelintheheartofNanjing,abigcityineasternChina.MywifeEllen,ouryear-and-a-half-oldson,Benjamin,andIlivedthereforamonthinthespringof1987whilewewerestudyingartseducationinChinesekindergartensandelementaryschools.Thekeytoourroomwasattachedtoalargeplasticblockwiththeroomnumberprintedonit.Whenleavingthehotel,aguestwasencouragedtoturninthekey,eitherbyhandingittoanattendantorbydroppingitthroughaslotintoacontainer.Becausethekeyslotwasnarrowandrectangular,thekeyandtheblockhadtobeinsertedcarefullysoastofitintotheslot.金陵飯店是一座舒適、現(xiàn)代化的賓館，位于中國(guó)東部大城市南京市的中心。1987年春天我和妻子埃倫及我們一歲半的兒子本杰明曾在那里住了一個(gè)月，當(dāng)時(shí)我們?cè)谘芯恐袊?guó)幼兒園和小學(xué)的藝術(shù)教育。我們房間的鑰匙系在一塊大塑料牌上，牌上印有房間號(hào)。飯店希望客人在外出時(shí)交還鑰匙，可以交給服務(wù)員或通過一個(gè)窄孔把鑰匙投進(jìn)一個(gè)盒子里。因?yàn)殍€匙孔很窄，又是長(zhǎng)方形的，所以塞鑰匙和鑰匙牌時(shí)得很小心才能對(duì)準(zhǔn)那個(gè)孔。[2]

Benjaminlovedtocarrythekeyaround,shakingitvigorously.Healsolikedtotrytoplaceitintotheslot.Hewouldmovethekeytothevicinityoftheslotandthentrytopushitin.Becauseofhisyoungage,lackofmanualdexterity,andincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtoorientthekey"justso",hewouldusuallyfail.Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast.Helovedtobangthekeyontheslotandprobablygotasmuchpleasureoutofthesoundsitmade,andthephysicalfeelingsitgavehim,ashedidthosefewtimeswhenthekeyactuallyfounditswayintotheslot.本杰明喜歡拿著鑰匙，邊走邊使勁搖。他也很喜歡把鑰匙往鑰匙孔里塞。他總是把鑰匙拿到鑰匙孔附近，就要把它塞進(jìn)去?？墒且?yàn)樗?，手不靈活，又不完全理解鑰匙要放在“正好”的位置才能插進(jìn)鑰匙孔里，所以，他往往放不進(jìn)去。但是本杰明一點(diǎn)兒都不煩惱。他喜歡用鑰匙砰砰敲打窄孔，也許他從鑰匙的撞擊聲以及敲敲打打給他帶來的肢體感受中得到的樂趣，不亞于偶爾有幾次把鑰匙真的插入窄孔時(shí)所給予他的樂趣。[3]

NowbothEllenandIwereperfectlyhappytoallowBenjamintobangthekeynearthekeyslot.Wewereusuallynotinahurry,hewashavingagoodtime,andthis"exploratorybehavior"seemedharmlessenough.ButIsoonobservedaninterestingphenomenon.AnyChineseattendantnearby—andsometimesevenamereChinesepasser-by—wouldcomeovertowatchBenjamin.Assoonastheobserversawwhatourchildwasdoing,andnoticedhislackofinitialsuccessattheappointedtask[N],she(or,lessoften,he)attemptedtointervene.Ingeneral,shewouldholdontohishandand,gentlybutfirmly,guideitdirectlytowardtheslot,reorientitasnecessary,andhelpBenjamintoinsertthekey.ShewouldthensmilesomewhatexpectantlyatEllenorme,asifawaitingathankyou—andonoccasion,wouldfrownslightly,asiftocriticizeusasparents.埃倫和我都很樂意讓本杰明拿著鑰匙在鑰匙孔周圍折騰。我們通常都不趕時(shí)間，他也玩得很高興，這種“探索行為”好像也沒有什么不好。但是很快我就發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)很有趣的現(xiàn)象：任何一位中國(guó)服務(wù)員——有時(shí)甚至只是個(gè)過路的中國(guó)人——只要是在附近，都會(huì)走過來注視著本杰明。一旦這個(gè)觀察者明白了我們的孩子正在做什么，并注意到他對(duì)既定要做的事最初沒有成功，她少數(shù)幾次是他就會(huì)設(shè)法干預(yù)。一般來說，她會(huì)抓住本杰明的手，輕輕地但又是堅(jiān)定地引導(dǎo)他的手直接去找鑰匙孔，必要時(shí)重新調(diào)整方向，幫助本杰明把鑰匙塞進(jìn)去。然后她會(huì)有所期待地對(duì)埃倫或者我微笑，好像在等著我們感謝她——或者有時(shí)也會(huì)微微地皺起眉頭，好像是在批評(píng)我們做父母的沒有盡到責(zé)任。[4]

Unfortunately,evenforthesakeofChinese-Americanfriendship,wewerenotparticularlygratefulforthisintervention.Afterall,itwasnotasifBenjaminwererunningaroundwildlyorwithoutsupervision;clearlywewereawareofwhathewasdoingandhadnotourselvesintervened.Butitalsobecamecleartousthatweweredealingwithtotallydifferentattitudesaboutthepreferredbehaviorforchildrenandtheproperroleofadultsintheirsocialization.遺憾的是，即使是為了中美友誼，我們也并不特別感激這種干預(yù)。畢竟，這又不是本杰明在到處亂跑或者沒人看管；很明顯，我們知道他在做什么，而且我們自己都沒有干預(yù)他。然而，同樣明顯的是，在希望孩子怎樣行事，在孩子融入社會(huì)生活時(shí)大人應(yīng)起的作用方面，我們遇到了兩種截然不同的態(tài)度。[5]

SpendingagooddealoftimewithababyinChina,wehadplentyofopportunitytocompareBenjaminwithChinesebabiesandtoobservetherelationshipthatgenerallyoccursbetweenadultsandyoungchildren.Timeandagain,adultswouldapproachBenjamin,sometimesjusttosay"Hello"ortoplaywithhim(actionsencounteredtheworldover),butoftenwithaparticularagendainmind[N].SometimesadultswouldteaseBenjamin,pretendingtogiveortoshowhimsomething,butthenwithdrawingthepromisedreward.Moreoften,theseadultswouldaidBenjaminwithsometask—retrievingaballwithwhichhewasplaying,helpinghimtositstraightinhisseat,fixinghisshirttailorhisshoes,directinghimawayfromadangerousspot,orguidingthestrollerhewasawkwardlypushingaround.帶著一個(gè)小孩在中國(guó)呆了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，就有很多機(jī)會(huì)拿本杰明和中國(guó)小孩相比較，并觀察大人與小孩之間通常存在的關(guān)系。很多次大人們會(huì)走近本杰明，有時(shí)只是說句“你好”或者只是為了和他玩玩（這種情況全世界都有），但（大人）常常是想好了做什么。有時(shí)大人們會(huì)逗本杰明，假裝要給他或給他看什么東西，然后又把答應(yīng)給的獎(jiǎng)賞收回去。更多的情況是，這些大人會(huì)幫著本杰明，例如找回他在玩的球，幫他在座位上坐直，給他理理襯衣下擺或者整整鞋子，引導(dǎo)他遠(yuǎn)離不安全的地方，或者當(dāng)他笨拙地到處亂推嬰兒車時(shí)指引他一下。[6]

Itbecameobvioustousthatbabiesare"fairgame"inChina.Adults(andevenadolescents)feellittlehesitationaboutinterveninginthechild-rearingprocess.NowitmightbethoughtthatBenjamin'sappearance—heisChinese,andweadoptedhiminTaiwan—encouragedthisintervention;butsimilarintrusiveinterventionsarereportedbyWesternerswhosechildrendonotlooktheleastbitChinese.ItwasequallyclearthattheChineseagreeonwhatisrightorwronginmostsituations;incasualencounterswithBenjaminandotherWe