地理信息專業(yè)英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

翻譯：1、GISisasystemofhardware，softwareaadprocedurestofacilitatethemanipulation，analysis，modeling

，representationanddisplayofgeo—referencedcomplexproblemsregardingplanningandmanagementofresollrces，翻譯：gis是一個(gè)由硬件、軟件和程序組成的系統(tǒng)，便于管理、辦理、解析、模擬、表現(xiàn)并顯示地理參照數(shù)據(jù)，從而解決規(guī)劃和資源管理的復(fù)雜問題。2、GIStechnology，integratescommondatabaseoperationssuchasqueryandstatisticalanalysiswiththeuniquevisualizationandgeographicalanalysisbenefitsofferedbymaps．TheseabilitiesdistinguishGISfromotherinformationsystemsandmakeitvaluabletoawiderangeofpublicandprivateenterprisesforexplainingevents，predictingoutcomes，andplanningstrategies(ESRI)．翻譯：地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)將諸如盤問和統(tǒng)計(jì)解析的常有的數(shù)據(jù)庫操作和地圖特有的可視化功能和地理解析優(yōu)勢集成起來。這些功能是區(qū)分地理信息系統(tǒng)和其他信息系統(tǒng)的要點(diǎn)，并且對于眾多的公共和私營企業(yè)用于事件解析，結(jié)果展望和戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃十分有價(jià)值(ESEI)。3、Projectionisafundamentalcomponentofmapmaking．Aprojectionisamathematicalmeansoftransferringinformationfromtheearth’sthree—dimensional，curvedsurfacetoatwodimensionalmedium--paperoracomputerscreen．Mathematicallyspeaking，mapprojectionsaretransformationsgeographiccoordinates(1atitude，longitude)intotheCartesian(x，y)coordinatespaceofthemap．

of翻譯：投影是地圖制作的一個(gè)基本要素，同時(shí)也是將信息從地球的三維曲面上傳達(dá)到紙張或電腦屏幕二維介質(zhì)上的一種數(shù)學(xué)手段。從數(shù)學(xué)上來講，地圖投影就是將地理坐標(biāo)(緯度，經(jīng)度)變換為地圖的笛卡兒空間坐標(biāo)(x，Y)。4、Arasterbasedsystemdisplays，locates，andstoresgraphicaldatabyusingamatrixorgTidofcellssuchassquares，triangular，orhexagonalcells，orevenirregulartrianglesorpolygons，whicharetessellatedtoformgeographicalrepresentations．翻譯：基于柵格數(shù)據(jù)的系統(tǒng)采用柵格單元有正方形、三角形或六角形形成了地理表征。柵格矩陣或柵格單元顯示、定位儲(chǔ)藏地理數(shù)據(jù)，這些，甚至不規(guī)則三角形或多邊形，這些單元嵌合在一起形成了地理表征。5、Avectorbasedsystemdisplaysgraphicaldataaspoints，linesorcurves，orareaswithattributes．Cartesiancoordinates(i．e．xandY)andcomputationalalgorithmsofthecoordinatesdefinepointsinavectorsystem．Linesorarcsareaseriesoforderedpoints．Areasorpolygonsarealsostoredasorderedlistsofpoints，butbymakingthebeginningandendpointsthesamenodetheshapeisclosedanddefined．翻譯：基于矢量數(shù)據(jù)的系統(tǒng)用點(diǎn)、線或曲線、面及其屬性顯示圖形數(shù)據(jù)。笛卡兒坐標(biāo)(即光和計(jì)算算法確立矢量系統(tǒng)中的點(diǎn)、線或弧段是一系列有序點(diǎn)。面或多邊形也是用一系列有序點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)蓄的，但是

Y)和坐標(biāo)初步節(jié)點(diǎn)和結(jié)束節(jié)點(diǎn)相同以閉合和確立圖形。6、Geo-referencingdescribestheprocessof

locatingan

entityin

“realworld

”

coordinates

，establishingarelationbetweenrasterorvectorimagestomapprojectionsorcoordinatesystems．翻譯：空間參照描述了定位實(shí)體在“真實(shí)世界”的坐標(biāo)及確立柵格或矢量影像與地圖投影或坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)關(guān)系的過程。7、Mapprojectionsaresystematictransformationsthatallowtheorderlyrepresentationoftheearth

’Ssphericalgratieuleonaflatmap．Mathematicallyspeaking，mapprojectionsaretransformations

of

geographicalcoordinates(1atitudelongitude)intotheCartesian(x，Y)co—ordinatespaceofthemap．翻譯：地圖投影是一種系統(tǒng)變換，立刻地球球面上的方格網(wǎng)有序地表示在平面地圖上。從數(shù)學(xué)上來講，地圖投影是地理坐標(biāo)(緯度，經(jīng)度)到地圖笛卡兒(x，Y)坐標(biāo)空間的變換。8、firstofall,weneedtodemonstratemoreconvincinglythatexistingspatialanalysistechniquescanbeusedtoaddressimportantsubstantiveproblemsofinteresttoGISpractitionerandthatsuchtechniquesarecapableofprovidingmeaningfulinsightwhichcan`tbeobtainedotherwise.翻譯：第一，我們需要更有說服力的憑據(jù)來證明現(xiàn)有的空間解析技術(shù)可用解決的實(shí)質(zhì)性問題，并且這些技術(shù)可供應(yīng)其他方式所不能夠供應(yīng)有意義的方案。

GIS從業(yè)者感興趣的重要9、today,aGIScanbedefinedasacomputingapplicationcapableofcreatingstrongermanipulatingvisualizingandanalyzinggeographicinformationitfinds.itstrongestapplicationsinresourcesmanagementutilitiesmanagementtelecommunicationswhomandregionalplanningvehicleroutingandparceldeliveryandinallofthesciencesthatdealwiththesurfaceoftheearth.翻譯：今天地理信息系統(tǒng)能夠被定義為一個(gè)集創(chuàng)立、儲(chǔ)藏、操作、可視化和解析地理信息的計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用程序。它廣泛的被應(yīng)用于資源管理、公共事業(yè)管理、電信城市地域規(guī)劃的工具。路由及包裹計(jì)價(jià)和在所有的辦理地地球表所有事物的科學(xué)。、書信格式：Mr.StevePincusHumanRelationsWinfieldMedical100MainStreetWinfield,FL09876DearMr.Pincus:正文Hireme.SincerelyJohnApgood456-789HomePhone765-4321WorkPhoneMethodAdvantagesDisadvantagesRaster1、Simpledatastructure1、Requiresgreaterstoragespaceoncomputer2、Compatiblewithremotelysensedor2、Dependingonpixelsize，graphicaloutputscanneddatamaybelesspleasing3、simplespatialanalysisprocedures3、Projectiontransformationsaremoredifficult4、MoredifficulttorepresenttopologicalrelationshipsVector1、Requireslessdiskstoragespace1、Morecomplexdatastructure2、Topologicalrelationshipsarereadily2、Notascompatiblewithremotelysensedmaintaineddata3、Graphicaloutputmorecloselyresembles3、Softwareandhardwareareoftenmorehand—drawnmapsexpensive4、Somespatialanalysisproceduresmaybemoredifficult5、Overlayingmultiplevectormapsisoftentimeconsumingalbersequal—areaconicprojection阿爾伯斯等積圓錐投影Cartesiancoordinates笛卡兒坐標(biāo)continuousfields連續(xù)字段coordinatesystems坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)datacapture數(shù)據(jù)獲取dataintegration數(shù)據(jù)集成dataoutput數(shù)據(jù)輸出datastructures數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)datum基準(zhǔn)面developableSulfate投影面digitalelevationmodels(DEM)數(shù)字地面模digitalterrainmodel(DTM)數(shù)字高程模型discreteobjects失散對象ellipsoid橢球體exhaustiveenumeration窮舉法geodesy大地測量學(xué)geoids大地水平面geo—referenceddata地理參照數(shù)據(jù)geo—referencing空間參照gnomonicprojection心射切面投影gravity萬有引力hierarchicalfile層次文件informationretrieval信息檢索Lambertazimuthallyequal—areaprojection朗伯等積方向投影mapprojections地圖投影networkanalysis網(wǎng)絡(luò)解析orthographicprojections正射投影overlay疊置polarcoordinate極坐標(biāo)projectionandregistration投影與般配rasterdata格數(shù)據(jù)relationalfile關(guān)系文件run—lengthencoding行程長度編碼spatialdatamodel空間數(shù)據(jù)模型topologicalmodeling拓?fù)浣ectordata矢量數(shù)據(jù)Addressmatching地址般配Annotationfeature說明要素Associatedattribute關(guān)系屬性Attribute屬性Basemap底圖Buffer緩沖區(qū)Cartography繪圖Cartology地圖學(xué)

Census人口統(tǒng)計(jì)Centralprojection中心投影Cigitization數(shù)字化Contourline等高線Convert變換Coordinates坐標(biāo)Cybercity數(shù)字城市Dataconversion數(shù)據(jù)變換Datatable數(shù)據(jù)表Database數(shù)據(jù)庫Digitalelevationmodel數(shù)字高程模型demDigitalorthoimagery數(shù)字正射影像Digitalterrainmodel數(shù)字地面模型Entity實(shí)體EnvironmentSystemResearchInstituteESRI美國環(huán)境系統(tǒng)研究所Externaltable外面表格Feature要素Feature要素，特色Geographicfeature地理要素Geographic/spatialinformation地理信息、空間信息GeoreferencedCoordinatereferencingsystem地理參照Hierarchical層次Imag