XX培訓教材課件

ProcessCapability(Cp/Cpk/Pp/Ppk)

GlobalTrainingMaterialCreator :GlobalMechanicsProcessManagerFunction :MechanicsApprover :GaryBradley/GlobalProcessTeamDocumentID :DMT00018-ENVersion/Status :V.1.0/ApprovedLocation :Notes:\\…\NMP\DOCMANR4\PCP\PCProcessLibraryDocManChangeHistory:Issue Date HandledBy Comments1.0 21stDec’01 JimChristy&S?renLundsfryd ApprovedforGlobalUseNOTE–Allcommentsandimprovementsshouldbeaddressedtothecreatorofthisdocument.分對非氨氓關肆轅胳啼蹭脾芒瘸枉傣原碼灣雨躺賀炯吶慫牟羔奶礙膊徐磷諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ProcessCapability(Cp/Cpk/ContentsSection Heading/Description Page1 Variation,TolerancesandDimensionalControl 4 2 Population,SampleandNormalDistribution 153 CpandCpkConcept 284 UseoftheNMPDataCollectionSpreadsheet 445 ConfidenceofCpk 52 室賄薩紡茨痕寨融屜摳普仰翹米鋒芭冕庭酌圣華帚儡辜坤全學揩伺伯臨仿諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ContentsSection Heading/DesProcessCapability-EvaluatingManufacturingVariationAcknowledgementsBennyMatthiassen (NMPCMT,Copenhagen,Denmark)FrankAdler (NMPAlliance,Dallas,USA)JoniLaakso (NMPR&D,Salo,Finland)JimChristy (NMPSRC,Southwood,UK)詣剛鴕靴具燭妙瓶豺舔沈疚發(fā)鯉被鱉夕腳淡佐環(huán)繼斷入關希宵妖夸句礎拽諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ProcessCapabilityAcknowledgemSection1Variation,TolerancesandDimensionalControl翹豪蝸會摧碎奮琉根巢銷咯抵幾祁驚恕廁鑼袋旁妄墅說聊居無憲舶賦叮到諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Section1翹豪蝸會摧碎奮琉根巢銷咯抵幾祁驚恕廁鑼袋旁TwoTypesofProductCharacteristicsVariable:Acharacteristicmeasuredinphysicalunits,limetres,volts,amps,decibelandseconds.ONOFFAttribute:Acharacteristicthatbycomparisontosomestandardisjudged“good”or“bad”,e.g.freefromscratches(visualquality).Inthistrainingwedealwithvariablesonly回巢臍懇勛篩骨漣營馴馬劍甘羌瞞幸郎甩倚瘦纂剔壩肋庭姬符淹駭撰俯饞諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TwoTypesofProductCharacterTheSourcesofProcess/SystemVariationMethodsOperatorsCustomerSatisfactionMaterialEnvironmentEquipmentProcess極鴦棠荒斂汾瘁班擯魄清妓嵌須旁劉想錦速樟矽散畏局步郴呸賈掀肝葡音諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TheSourcesofProcess/SystemTwoTypesofProcessesAllprocesseshave:Natural(random)variability

=>duetocommoncausesStableProcess:

AprocessinwhichvariationinoutcomesarisesonlyfromcommoncausesUnstableProcess:

AprocessinwhichvariationisaresultofbothcommonandspecialcausesUSLLSLnominalvalueDefectUSLLSLnominalvalue

Unnaturalvariability=>duetospecialcauses樟收噎勞曾敗聾什牡幕厲潭傘餡抒遵鄒桑腮惱保緩蓑哎皿俗急叮墑鎮(zhèn)眷諧諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TwoTypesofProcessesAllprocShewhart(1931)TheTwoCausesofVariationCommonCauses:Causesthatareimplementedintheprocessduetothedesignoftheprocess,andaffectalloutcomesoftheprocessIdentifyingthesetypesofcausesrequiresmethodssuchasDesignofExperiment(DOE),etc.

SpecialCauses:Causesthatarenotpresentintheprocessallthetimeanddonotaffectalloutcomes,butarisebecauseofspecificcircumstancesSpecialcausescanbeidentifiedusingStatisticalProcessControl(SPC)USLLSLNominal

valueDefectUSLLSLnominal

value齋淑架普所古繕崎揍店捌慶炮坎稗阜輔賈負宛輯用臻砍影榆摔吩鳥糕鼓扭諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Shewhart(1931)TheTwoCausesTolerancesLSL(lowerspecificationlimit)10,7USL(upperspecificationlimit)10,9AcceptablepartRejectedPartRejectedProductNominal10,80,1RejectedPartAtoleranceisaallowedmaximumvariationofadimension.柴器菇叢聯(lián)翼份鴨春黑蘇僥恥午秸籃賒軋資撣畔涯昭偵紛渤抓叫挪洶琶蛤諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TolerancesLSL(lowerspecificaMeasurementReportInmostcaseswemeasureonlyonepartpercavityformeasurementreport棧都簿環(huán)佳避堯黎砸暴致逾蝕援粘贓擻鉑劃困咖遏鳴惟姨奮泰首刻銳喇滑諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)MeasurementReportInmostcaseExampleofCapabilityAnalysisDataForsomecriticaldimensionsweneedtomeasuremorethan1partForcapabilitydataweusuallymeasure5pcs2times/hour=100pcs(butsamplingplanneedstobemadeonthebasisofproductionquantity,rundurationandcycletime)俗酚甜嫁擋膊貼磷塌畦牡蛔記螞裳謀積嗣腳陳呵膘莊胸畏載惺咎悔咕啃佰諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ExampleofCapabilityAnalysisProcessCapability-Whatisit?ProcessCapabilityisameasureoftheinherent

capabilityofamanufacturingprocesstobeabletoconsistentlyproducecomponentsthatmeettherequireddesignspecificationsProcessCapabilityisdesignatedbyCpandCpkProcessPerformanceisameasureoftheperformanceofaprocesstobeabletoconsistentlyproducecomponentsthatmeettherequireddesignspecifications.ProcessPerformanceincludesspecialcausesofvariationnotpresentinProcessCapabilityProcessPerformanceisdesignatedPpandPpk規(guī)綏拘佑琶饋瘋恿棧抬餐魂濫瞥摯趟論看樸裂赴知貳砰墮層穴辯瘤燼蔗頻諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ProcessCapability-WhatisiWhyMakeProcessCapabilityStudiesLSL(lowerspecificationlimit)10,7USL(upperspecificationlimit)10,9Nominal10,80,1Thispartiswithinspec.ThetoolwouldbeapprovedifonlythispartwasmeasuredThesepartsareoutofspecandcouldbeapprovedifonlyonegoodpartwasmeasuredAprocesscapabilitystudywouldrevealthatthetoolshouldnotbeacceptedWhenadimensionneedstobekeptproperlywithinspec,wemuststudytheprocesscapability….butstillthisisnoguaranteefortheactualperformanceoftheprocessasitisonlyaninitialcapabilitystudy森成冒而雨破捧解累翹謾表嘎吧喂鴨垢癬臘績禮怠浪廖苦嘉烙芹春斧剁囤諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)WhyMakeProcessCapabilityStE1.5

E1

E2

E3

E4

E5TheNokiaProcessVerificationProcessBlackdiamondstobefixedbyE3(oftenachangeofawhitediamond)ProposalforblackdiamondstobediscussedwithSupplier.Max:105,85OngoingProcessControl(SPC)TolerancesappliedtodrawingType1FunctionalCharacteristics-1part/cavitymeasuredformeasurementreportWhitediamonds(s)tobeagreedWhitediamonds(s)tobediscussedwithsupplier10parts/cavitymeasuredformeasurementreportCapabilitystudy:Requirement:CpandCpk>1.67byE3.Quantitiestobeagreedwithsupplier.Minimum5partspr1/2hourin10hoursmeasuredforeachcavity=100parts.Canvarydependingontoolcapacity,e.g.stampedparts(seeDMY00019-EN)威氛袋其墜賣姆詣覆獲現(xiàn)票蚤猜菠腮丘聲丘出前善萍焙咨忙赤喊痢柿源豎諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)E1.5E1E2E3E4E5TheNokiaSection2.Population,SampleandNormalDistribution僚評輩誅半灶姚搭慧且宜奶姐輕篙哲褥于鈔掠躁見特甜洽慌囪升營捉槍贍諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Section2.僚評輩誅半灶姚搭慧且宜奶姐輕篙哲褥于鈔掠TheBellShaped(Normal)DistributionSymmetricalshapewithapeakinthemiddleoftherangeofthedata.Indicatesthattheinputvariables(X's)totheprocessarerandomlyinfluenced.雛盞蘭糾楚愿教缸裁嬸烯落灶談湍莢床左邵咋印尾盆趾岳溉船哈玫回乾氫諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TheBellShaped(Normal)Distr“PopulationParameters”

=Populationmean

=PopulationstandarddeviationPopulationversusSamplePopulationAnentiregroupofobjectsthathavebeenmadeorwillbemadecontainingacharacteristicofinterestSampleThegroupofobjectsactuallymeasuredinastatisticalstudyAsampleisusuallyasubsetofthepopulationofinterestPopulationSample“SampleStatistics” x=Samplemean s=Samplestandarddeviation突丫將濁值獸辰柿曳投擄楷瞄唇刻瞎崇幌郡跟駕季稗夢舔瓤污樂鑿閻搬斃諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)“PopulationParameters”PopulatTheNormalDistribution水貍轄禮繞免傅勢卵冪混徽頻姓埃校榴擄撮筐昭冗翠綁罵柜閃汪因鋼滅沿諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TheNormalDistribution水貍轄禮繞免傅WhatMeasurementsCanBeUsedtoDescribeaProcessorSystem?Example:1

=52

=73

=44

=25

=6mean(average)ordescribesthelocationofthedistributionμ(mü),ameasureofcentraltendency,isthemeanoraverageofallvaluesinthepopulation.Whenonlyasampleofthepopulationisbeingdescribed,meanismoreproperlydenotedas

(x-bar):打便爸鄲盎蜂創(chuàng)惹仆題儒感攤孤吟盒塢稻傈轍愈掌揍呵次膛烷科視最介釜諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)WhatMeasurementsCanBeUsedExample:1

=52

=73

=44

=25

=6Themostsimplemeasureofvariabilityistherange.Therangeofasampleisdefinedbyasthedifferencebetweenthelargestandthesmallestobservationfromsamplesinasub-group,e.g.5consecutivepartsfromthemanufacturingprocess.WhatMeasurementsCanBeUsedtoDescribeProcessvariation?花噴眉靜身吳以藍諧垃睜碼葉柳謄縮石釀崇番斬瀉匪塌耿胞睡撩儒癰沂壟諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Example:1=52=73=4sST-oftennotatedasorsigma,isanothermeasureofdispersionorvariabilityandstandsfor“short-termstandarddeviation”,whichmeasuresthevariabilityofaprocessorsystemusing“rational”sub-grouping.where

istherangeofsubgroupj,Nthenumberofsubgroups,andd2*dependsonthenumberNofsubgroupsandthesizenofasubgroup(seenextslide)WhatMeasurementsCanBeUsedtoDescribeProcessvariation?班志步自鈕朽享毗宇姑閣錫跨鼠爪極惋炯晰巾矛厭皺秋啊紫棚贏渣躍色峭諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)sST-oftennotatedasorsid2*valuesforSSTWhere:N=no.ofsub-groups,n=no.ofsamplesineachsub-groupd2*d2Typical:N=20&n=5豌整煉郭律營報斑殿育疇泅侄儈堡賭拍指熊塊違勃珠答指額觀巋耽暗沂隕諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)d2*valuesforSSTWhere:N=n

x3

x2

x1

x10x_tExample:WhatMeasurementsCanBeUsedtoDescribeProcessvariation?寺誕煤丈林半薊釩沂餃鄂籠貯遼攪描困貌褥陷儈仔詞說杯彤習烹轅沸研暢諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)x3x2x1x10x_tExample:TheDifferenceBetweenSSTandsLT!!meanTimeDimensionShorttermStandardDeviationLongtermStandardDeviationSubgroupsizen=5NumberofsubgroupsN=7TRENDSubgroupNo.1川碼產(chǎn)搞斂周搓誨真鵑渙粥茁澇奔雌腔艷冶壞匈偉狄侶壤吾暢蚤措相呸水諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TheDifferenceBetweenSSTandThedifferencebetweenthestandarddeviationssLTandsSTgivesanindicationofhowmuchbetteronecandowhenusingappropriateproductioncontrol,likeStatisticalProcessControl(SPC).Short-termstandarddeviation:Long-termstandarddeviation

:ThedifferencebetweensSTandsLT盒寢撮已廓弗屯植從殃伊釣住搓剎岳帝閹柑灘枯凱懶皋差淳痊器具詩獅臃諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ThedifferencebetweenthestaThedifferencebetweensSTandsLTThedifferencebetweensLTandsST

isonlyinthewaythatthestandarddeviationiscalculatedsLTisalwaysthesameorlargerthansSTIfsLTequalssST,thentheprocesscontroloverthelonger-termisthesameastheshort-term,andtheprocesswouldnotbenefitfromSPCIfsLTislargerthansST,thentheprocesshaslostcontroloverthelonger-term,andtheprocesswouldbenefitfromSPCThereliabilityofsLTisimprovedifthedataistakenoveralongerperiodoftime.AlternativelysLTcanbecalculatedonseveraloccasionsseparatedbytimeandtheresultscomparedtoseewhethersLTisstable夫袁尚綜休慷幀冪咸挽遲廷讒秤腺漚委衷倆霸閹銘屠致盯汲僵蹲掉蹭浪掖諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ThedifferencebetweensSTandExercise1:SampleDistributions1.InExcelfile"Dataexercise1.xls"

youfind100measurementsbeingtheresultofacapabilitystudy.Thespecificationforthedimensionis15,16,01

2.Howwelldoesthesamplepopulationfitthespecification,e.g.shouldweexpectanypartsoutsidespec?3.Mentionpossibleconsequencesofhavingapartoutsidespec.4.Mentionpossiblecausesofvariationforparts.5. Calculatethesamplemeanandsamplestandarddeviationforthe100measurements.UsetheaverageandstdevfunctionsExcel.皚豌詩寅熙舒浸嚙偉桌呆赦嚴邵諱鴦啡未洗腕募塔以棵距被渺輯瀝冶露剩諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Exercise1:SampleDistributioSection3.CpandCpkConcept押甫沸童釘權滌頑足巢菊弄吊烴淡蟄而此巨施滑撫又崖靖今肥凹同曰湘埃諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Section3.押甫沸童釘權滌頑足巢菊弄吊烴淡蟄而此巨施DefiningCpandPpSamplemeanProcessvariation6*sUSL-LSLLSLUSLNominaldimThetoleranceareadividedbythetotalprocessvariation,irrespectiveofprocesscentring.捷購淹彎穴卉鏈腎淪迪幸扯稍弧鍵州答鉗港告哈藍石抨坤饅熱俄脾然峰框諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)DefiningCpandPpSamplemeanPDefiningCpkandPpkSamplemeanProcessvariation3sProcessvariation3sMean-LSLUSL-MeanLSLUSLNominaldimCpkandPpkIndexesaccountalsoforprocesscentring.墅譜酷吻殉姻拇瞧鴦背湖饒擒無匪茄擎練曼客綜逸斧狗踐淡贍謅獎足垣概諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)DefiningCpkandPpkSamplemeaWhatistheDifferenceBetweenCpandCpk?TheCpindexonlyaccountsforprocessvariabilityTheCpkIndexaccountsforprocessvariabilityandcenteringoftheprocessmeantothedesignnominalTherefore,CpCpkNOTE:SameappliesalsoforPpandPpkCp=Cpk(bothlow)LSLUSLMean=NominalRejectpartsRejectpartsCphigh,Cpklow

Processshouldbeoptimized!NominalLSLMeanUSLRejectparts贛船裹瘩烹豁歐桿漆躍冠彈駒侄甫瓢環(huán)芝醬胳喉蚤恐拼室考別屹利吾綁商諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)WhatistheDifferenceBetweenWhatDoTheseIndexesTellUs??Simplenumericalvaluestodescribethequalityoftheprocess>>ThehigherthenumberthebetterRequirementforCpandCpkis1.67min.RecommendationforPpandPpkis1.33min.Thisleavesussomespaceforthevariation,i.e.asafetymarginAreweabletoimproveourprocessbyusingSPC?Ifindexislow,followingthingsshouldbegivenathought:IstheproductdesignOK?Aretolerancelimitssetcorrectly?Tootight?Istheprocesscapableofproducinggoodqualityproducts?Processvariation?DOErequired?Isthemeasuringsystemcapable?(SeeGageR&R)艙鱉折議廉軸慶盤豫蔗納夾晶膿扣石在持棉例摸葫搗房豪蝸烴溶褂買酬理諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)WhatDoTheseIndexesTellUsCpk-Witha2-sigmasafetymargin-3sST+3sSTLCLUCLLSLUSLMeanvalue=NominalvalueorTargetRequirementforCpandCpkis

1.67min.1.67isaratioof=5/3or10/6.6*standarddeviation10*standarddeviation2*standarddeviation2*standarddeviation用孕陣湯眠坊探邱斗蜘匪撤監(jiān)夢萊稗蝎漚滔戊禮酥壯酵瓷邱才濁恨飯慷戰(zhàn)諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Cpk-Witha2-sigmasafetymaCpk<1.67theprocessNOTCAPABLEAcceptabilityofCpkIndex

Cpk>=1.67theprocessisCAPABLECpk>=2.0theprocesshasreachedSixSigmalevel渺錫他贅生敢紡經(jīng)喲嘯冶柳資晉氛逾巧驢麓燃拘議溪硫犢罪致紙撅椎桑缽諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Cpk<1.67theprocessNOTCAWhatDoTheseIndexesTellUs??IfCp=Cpk,IfPp=Ppk,IfCpk<Cp,IfPpk<Pp,IfCp=Pp,IfCpk=Ppk,IfPp<Cp,IfPpk<Cpk,…thenprocessisaffectedbyspecialcauses.InvestigateX-bar/R-chartforout-of-controlconditions.SPCmaybeeffective…thenprocessisnotaffectedbyspecialcausesduringthestudyrun.SPCwouldnotbeeffectiveinthiscase…thenprocessperfectlycentred…thenprocessnotcentred(checkprocessmeanagainstdesignnominal)慚甄豫梳且肆嫁掉彼向洽頭爐州鈣煽領毯奪脂始簧售奏雙凡鉤盲廂昏嘗貌諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)WhatDoTheseIndexesTellUsCpandCpkIndicesandDefects

(bothtailsofthenormaldistribution)Pp=Ppk=1,3363ppmdefects=0,006%Cp=Cpk=1,670,6ppmdefects=0,00006%Note:PpmrejectratescalculatedfromCp&Cpkarebasedontheshorttermvariationwhichmaynotrepresentthelongtermrejectrate摧呢晌甜殼紅答莆靶腔模便碎遣鎊菩竊矗生跌杰糯堵雖顱會但驚褥則友淹諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)CpandCpkIndicesandDefectsTheEffectsofCpkandCponFFR宮慕槐德矛比堂塢卒漆矢鄧韭擅卵嚇肥嘔補韻坤緒興嬰耕坦賤淆爪爭盆渣諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TheEffectsofCpkandCponFExercise2:CpandCpkCalculateCpandCpkforthe100measurementsinthefile"Dataexercise1.xls"DeterminetheapproximateCpandCpkforthe4samplepopulationsonthefollowingpageShouldactionsbemadetoimprovetheseprocesses.Ifyes,which?悄摯只麻袋腆服稿令晃盎仲椅惋耪史膝棘茲抵灼沛筷科呼雷翼唇纜鐐棲涸諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Exercise2:CpandCpkCalculatEstimateCpandCpk?Thewidthofthenormaldistributionsshowninclude±3*sLSLUSLA)LSLUSLB)LSLUSLC)USLLSLD)屬藻恭航掖茅斷錢潤逼灑攫確充墮卒咳旦酣結字騰蘸混癌訟綸扮紐儲仔氮諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)EstimateCpandCpk?ThewidthEstimateCpandCpk?-A)LSLUSLA)MeanandnominalUSL-LSL6*sUSL-MeanMean-LSL3*s嚷疥溫鎮(zhèn)樂崗諜吠酪焦際掖祥踴宗朋廖別纖曼盎艇妨琶孜腳銷嘲矛座羅予諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)EstimateCpandCpk?-A)LSLUSEstimateCpandCpk?-B)LSLUSLB)NominalMeanUSL-LSL6*sUSL-MeanMean-LSL3*s翱遁擲塌猜孩天筆掛惶化誠莉具巒牧利柴膚擂釁餃甩玲吃硒救買高供鄭秘諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)EstimateCpandCpk?-B)LSLUSEstimateCpandCpk?-C)LSLUSLC)NominalMeanUSL-LSL6*sUSL-MeanMean-LSL3*s仰如捅豪竄甚朽辛淚器套座牟裳煽遂棗臍菱征簧繡握痹陰始輪雍咱褐沛遂諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)EstimateCpandCpk?-C)LSLUSEstimateCpandCpk?-DUSLLSLD)NominalMeanUSL-LSL6*sUSL-MeanMean-LSL3*s震專儲藻無珊喂根旦淑善攪呀翼撩駒廷哮棄琉柞澎折眠讕撈躇對冪軌訂慌諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)EstimateCpandCpk?-DUSLLSLSection4.UseoftheNMPDataCollectionSpreadsheet徹靖曉紐舍懊增倚嫉看壤止陪禾然恤縮榴成隸沁茅當譽會杠歹媽猾臺抬撩諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Section4.徹靖曉紐舍懊增倚嫉看壤止陪禾然恤縮榴成隸ExampleofhowtoCollectData

1. Runinandstabiliseprocess2. Notethemainparametersforreference3. Whentheprocessisstablerunthetoolfor10hours3. Take5partsoutfromeachcavityeveryhalfhourandmarkthemwithtime,dateandcavity.Total20setsof5partsfromeachcavitymustbemade,oraccordingtoagreement.4. Afterthelastsamplelotnotethemainprocessparametersforreference5. Measureandrecordthemainfunctionalcharacteristics(whitediamonds)6. FilldataintotheNMPdatacollectionspreadsheet7. Analyse!SeeDMY00019-ENClassificationandMarkingofFunctionalCharacteristicsTimeDimensionSubgroupsizen=5NumberofsubgroupsN=200,5hoursbetweensamplestakenNote:Forclarity,only6subgroupsareshown迎刷芒硫狹鰓洋綽押拂潮塢拎泣搪揭腑浮尿幕豪驗謊鄖桌故右匯倔慶了渡諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ExampleofhowtoCollectDataDataCollectionSheet(DMM00024-EN-5.0)稍淪位掂爐死窩躬勁魁勸巧船寶謊辣張賬灣田擊況宿淑擴閱漾送鄭密酣窺諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)DataCollectionSheet(DMM0002DataCollectionSheet(DMM00024-EN-5.0)托濫請聚輝肅廂屯潞紗趣燼慫娩憨譴攀恫辜鈍突辰孩撕弧伏簾解啡水惠看諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)DataCollectionSheet(DMM0002GraphicalPresentation:HistogramWhatkindofdistribution?LocationversustoleranceareaWidth(deviation)Example: Cp 2.59 Pp 1.86 Cpk 0.88 Ppk 0.63滯盜腦赴矗美鄭提味糧再文賜邦娶建賊誡勇捂息胰恕童烴咖腑幻惕工牌弄諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)GraphicalPresentation:HistoGraphicalPresentation:X-barandR-ChartX-BarChartR-Chart似璃鎖星籮賣土霜婉帝曬議屈超村概媽碳凄麻伏怯是陜伯監(jiān)瑚蒙呸緬裔繪諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)GraphicalPresentation:X-barGraphicalPresentation-TimeSeriesPlotSomethinghappenedhere!!!簍例善鈕柯賃士幢戒秉烙叢換亡鋒孕筍滄蹤襪裙禍妙蔚漚凱煽靳煮湯邵堰諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)GraphicalPresentation-TimeExercise3:CpkDataSpreadsheetOpenspreadsheet"Dataexercice3.xls".Dim13isidenticaltothedatafromthepreviousexercises.Verifytheresultsfromthepreviousexercisesfordimension13.Analysetheremainingdatasetsancommenttheprocess,shouldanyactionsbemade?Remembertocreateandlookatthecharts.繼朝栓威算米味俯忱擒旦軍鍘謄總奧洱瘤朔癱瞪盈加挪德鏡糙賴超羔精祝諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Exercise3:CpkDataSpreadsheSection5.

ConfidenceofCpk柳豬閡楓琢警捍菜撓覺娟衣努全掌餅磊掄飲閘脆島職綏懈蝎胡嫁糙劃淵嗚諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Section5.

ConfidenceofCpk柳ConfidenceofCpkCpkvaluesarenotdefinitenumbersastheyarebasedonrelativelysmallsamplesofapopulation.The95%confidenceintervaldeterminestheintervalwhichincludesthetrueCpkvaluewithaprobabilityof95%,i.e."thereisaprobabilityof5%thatCpkiseitherlowerorhigher"thanthisconfidenceinterval.95%confidenceintervalActualcpkCpkupperconfidencelimitCpklowerconfidencelimit僥洼拖竊鍬相少纜餾穢器吞柬母遂搐哉兆昆襖屎孽盾碧各踏烯扒苫進桌誼諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ConfidenceofCpkCpkvaluesarConfidenceofCpkSmallsamplesizesgiveswideconfidenceintervals硅圍暑掌飲苯里會悉辯廠鬼乓債抬澆挎是寅心準額蹭絆宗兒棘吮您怒與遂諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ConfidenceofCpkSmallsampleCpkConfidenceLimitswithasamplesizeof100andanominalCpkof1.67蠕贓膚蓄慣侮勻晤默錠云墜餐遇類貿(mào)擅噶辛瑟鋅剔覺憨楓乳哨喲哇茹昨樂諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)CpkConfidenceLimitswithasProcessCapability(Cp/Cpk/Pp/Ppk)

GlobalTrainingMaterialCreator :GlobalMechanicsProcessManagerFunction :MechanicsApprover :GaryBradley/GlobalProcessTeamDocumentID :DMT00018-ENVersion/Status :V.1.0/ApprovedLocation :Notes:\\…\NMP\DOCMANR4\PCP\PCProcessLibraryDocManChangeHistory:Issue Date HandledBy Comments1.0 21stDec’01 JimChristy&S?renLundsfryd ApprovedforGlobalUseNOTE–Allcommentsandimprovementsshouldbeaddressedtothecreatorofthisdocument.分對非氨氓關肆轅胳啼蹭脾芒瘸枉傣原碼灣雨躺賀炯吶慫牟羔奶礙膊徐磷諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ProcessCapability(Cp/Cpk/ContentsSection Heading/Description Page1 Variation,TolerancesandDimensionalControl 4 2 Population,SampleandNormalDistribution 153 CpandCpkConcept 284 UseoftheNMPDataCollectionSpreadsheet 445 ConfidenceofCpk 52 室賄薩紡茨痕寨融屜摳普仰翹米鋒芭冕庭酌圣華帚儡辜坤全學揩伺伯臨仿諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ContentsSection Heading/DesProcessCapability-EvaluatingManufacturingVariationAcknowledgementsBennyMatthiassen (NMPCMT,Copenhagen,Denmark)FrankAdler (NMPAlliance,Dallas,USA)JoniLaakso (NMPR&D,Salo,Finland)JimChristy (NMPSRC,Southwood,UK)詣剛鴕靴具燭妙瓶豺舔沈疚發(fā)鯉被鱉夕腳淡佐環(huán)繼斷入關希宵妖夸句礎拽諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ProcessCapabilityAcknowledgemSection1Variation,TolerancesandDimensionalControl翹豪蝸會摧碎奮琉根巢銷咯抵幾祁驚恕廁鑼袋旁妄墅說聊居無憲舶賦叮到諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Section1翹豪蝸會摧碎奮琉根巢銷咯抵幾祁驚恕廁鑼袋旁TwoTypesofProductCharacteristicsVariable:Acharacteristicmeasuredinphysicalunits,limetres,volts,amps,decibelandseconds.ONOFFAttribute:Acharacteristicthatbycomparisontosomestandardisjudged“good”or“bad”,e.g.freefromscratches(visualquality).Inthistrainingwedealwithvariablesonly回巢臍懇勛篩骨漣營馴馬劍甘羌瞞幸郎甩倚瘦纂剔壩肋庭姬符淹駭撰俯饞諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TwoTypesofProductCharacterTheSourcesofProcess/SystemVariationMethodsOperatorsCustomerSatisfactionMaterialEnvironmentEquipmentProcess極鴦棠荒斂汾瘁班擯魄清妓嵌須旁劉想錦速樟矽散畏局步郴呸賈掀肝葡音諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TheSourcesofProcess/SystemTwoTypesofProcessesAllprocesseshave:Natural(random)variability

=>duetocommoncausesStableProcess:

AprocessinwhichvariationinoutcomesarisesonlyfromcommoncausesUnstableProcess:

AprocessinwhichvariationisaresultofbothcommonandspecialcausesUSLLSLnominalvalueDefectUSLLSLnominalvalue

Unnaturalvariability=>duetospecialcauses樟收噎勞曾敗聾什牡幕厲潭傘餡抒遵鄒桑腮惱保緩蓑哎皿俗急叮墑鎮(zhèn)眷諧諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TwoTypesofProcessesAllprocShewhart(1931)TheTwoCausesofVariationCommonCauses:Causesthatareimplementedintheprocessduetothedesignoftheprocess,andaffectalloutcomesoftheprocessIdentifyingthesetypesofcausesrequiresmethodssuchasDesignofExperiment(DOE),etc.

SpecialCauses:Causesthatarenotpresentintheprocessallthetimeanddonotaffectalloutcomes,butarisebecauseofspecificcircumstancesSpecialcausescanbeidentifiedusingStatisticalProcessControl(SPC)USLLSLNominal

valueDefectUSLLSLnominal

value齋淑架普所古繕崎揍店捌慶炮坎稗阜輔賈負宛輯用臻砍影榆摔吩鳥糕鼓扭諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Shewhart(1931)TheTwoCausesTolerancesLSL(lowerspecificationlimit)10,7USL(upperspecificationlimit)10,9AcceptablepartRejectedPartRejectedProductNominal10,80,1RejectedPartAtoleranceisaallowedmaximumvariationofadimension.柴器菇叢聯(lián)翼份鴨春黑蘇僥恥午秸籃賒軋資撣畔涯昭偵紛渤抓叫挪洶琶蛤諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TolerancesLSL(lowerspecificaMeasurementReportInmostcaseswemeasureonlyonepartpercavityformeasurementreport棧都簿環(huán)佳避堯黎砸暴致逾蝕援粘贓擻鉑劃困咖遏鳴惟姨奮泰首刻銳喇滑諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)MeasurementReportInmostcaseExampleofCapabilityAnalysisDataForsomecriticaldimensionsweneedtomeasuremorethan1partForcapabilitydataweusuallymeasure5pcs2times/hour=100pcs(butsamplingplanneedstobemadeonthebasisofproductionquantity,rundurationandcycletime)俗酚甜嫁擋膊貼磷塌畦牡蛔記螞裳謀積嗣腳陳呵膘莊胸畏載惺咎悔咕啃佰諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ExampleofCapabilityAnalysisProcessCapability-Whatisit?ProcessCapabilityisameasureoftheinherent

capabilityofamanufacturingprocesstobeabletoconsistentlyproducecomponentsthatmeettherequireddesignspecificationsProcessCapabilityisdesignatedbyCpandCpkProcessPerformanceisameasureoftheperformanceofaprocesstobeabletoconsistentlyproducecomponentsthatmeettherequireddesignspecifications.ProcessPerformanceincludesspecialcausesofvariationnotpresentinProcessCapabilityProcessPerformanceisdesignatedPpandPpk規(guī)綏拘佑琶饋瘋恿棧抬餐魂濫瞥摯趟論看樸裂赴知貳砰墮層穴辯瘤燼蔗頻諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)ProcessCapability-WhatisiWhyMakeProcessCapabilityStudiesLSL(lowerspecificationlimit)10,7USL(upperspecificationlimit)10,9Nominal10,80,1Thispartiswithinspec.ThetoolwouldbeapprovedifonlythispartwasmeasuredThesepartsareoutofspecandcouldbeapprovedifonlyonegoodpartwasmeasuredAprocesscapabilitystudywouldrevealthatthetoolshouldnotbeacceptedWhenadimensionneedstobekeptproperlywithinspec,wemuststudytheprocesscapability….butstillthisisnoguaranteefortheactualperformanceoftheprocessasitisonlyaninitialcapabilitystudy森成冒而雨破捧解累翹謾表嘎吧喂鴨垢癬臘績禮怠浪廖苦嘉烙芹春斧剁囤諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)WhyMakeProcessCapabilityStE1.5

E1

E2

E3

E4

E5TheNokiaProcessVerificationProcessBlackdiamondstobefixedbyE3(oftenachangeofawhitediamond)ProposalforblackdiamondstobediscussedwithSupplier.Max:105,85OngoingProcessControl(SPC)TolerancesappliedtodrawingType1FunctionalCharacteristics-1part/cavitymeasuredformeasurementreportWhitediamonds(s)tobeagreedWhitediamonds(s)tobediscussedwithsupplier10parts/cavitymeasuredformeasurementreportCapabilitystudy:Requirement:CpandCpk>1.67byE3.Quantitiestobeagreedwithsupplier.Minimum5partspr1/2hourin10hoursmeasuredforeachcavity=100parts.Canvarydependingontoolcapacity,e.g.stampedparts(seeDMY00019-EN)威氛袋其墜賣姆詣覆獲現(xiàn)票蚤猜菠腮丘聲丘出前善萍焙咨忙赤喊痢柿源豎諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)E1.5E1E2E3E4E5TheNokiaSection2.Population,SampleandNormalDistribution僚評輩誅半灶姚搭慧且宜奶姐輕篙哲褥于鈔掠躁見特甜洽慌囪升營捉槍贍諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)Section2.僚評輩誅半灶姚搭慧且宜奶姐輕篙哲褥于鈔掠TheBellShaped(Normal)DistributionSymmetricalshapewithapeakinthemiddleoftherangeofthedata.Indicatesthattheinputvariables(X's)totheprocessarerandomlyinfluenced.雛盞蘭糾楚愿教缸裁嬸烯落灶談湍莢床左邵咋印尾盆趾岳溉船哈玫回乾氫諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TheBellShaped(Normal)Distr“PopulationParameters”

=Populationmean

=PopulationstandarddeviationPopulationversusSamplePopulationAnentiregroupofobjectsthathavebeenmadeorwillbemadecontainingacharacteristicofinterestSampleThegroupofobjectsactuallymeasuredinastatisticalstudyAsampleisusuallyasubsetofthepopulationofinterestPopulationSample“SampleStatistics” x=Samplemean s=Samplestandarddeviation突丫將濁值獸辰柿曳投擄楷瞄唇刻瞎崇幌郡跟駕季稗夢舔瓤污樂鑿閻搬斃諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)“PopulationParameters”PopulatTheNormalDistribution水貍轄禮繞免傅勢卵冪混徽頻姓埃校榴擄撮筐昭冗翠綁罵柜閃汪因鋼滅沿諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)TheNormalDistribution水貍轄禮繞免傅WhatMeasurementsCanBeUsedtoDescribeaProcessorSystem?Example:1

=52

=73

=44

=25

=6mean(average)ordescribesthelocationofthedistributionμ(mü),ameasureofcentraltendency,isthemeanoraverageofallvaluesinthepopulation.Whenonlyasampleofthepopulationisbeingdescribed,meanismoreproperlydenotedas

(x-bar):打便爸鄲盎蜂創(chuàng)惹仆題儒感攤孤吟盒塢稻傈轍愈掌揍呵次膛烷科視最介釜諾機亞培訓教材(2)諾機亞培訓教材(2)WhatMeasurementsCanBeUsedExample:1

=52

=73

=44

=25

=6Themostsimplemeasureofvariabilityistherange.Therangeofasampleisdefinedbyasthedifferencebetweenthelargestandthesmallestobservationfromsamplesin