閱讀理解-推理判斷課件

閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類：1．事實細(xì)節(jié)題。2．主旨大意題。3．詞義猜測題。4．推理判斷題。閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類：1．事實細(xì)節(jié)題。21英語閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，而是要求閱讀者根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義，這就是判斷推理題。判斷推理題在閱讀測試中屬于難題。因此，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運用邏輯思維，哲學(xué)原理，并借助一定的常識進(jìn)行分析，推理，判斷。

英語閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，而是要2五年高考全國卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計表2006全國Ⅱ2007全國Ⅰ2008全國Ⅰ2009全國Ⅰ2010全國Ⅱ推理判斷題量77578推理判斷題量在近5年中相對穩(wěn)定五年高考全國卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計表200620072008231.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題2.知識推斷題5.作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題7.文章出處/來源推斷題推理判斷8.預(yù)測想象推斷題4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題2.知識推斷題5.作4

1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題解答此類題,關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息,然后在透徹理解原文的字面意義和題意的基礎(chǔ)上,運用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識,對其進(jìn)行分析、推算,從而得出正確的結(jié)論。技巧: 1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題解答此類題,關(guān)鍵是要善于5Shakespeare’sBirthplaceandExhibitionofShakespeare’sWorld……TheBirthplaceiswithineasywalkingdistanceofallthecarparksshownonthemap:nearestisWindsorStreet(3minutes’Walk)……Q:Howmuchistheadmissionforafamilyoftwogrown-upsandtwochildren?A.￡9.80 B.￡12.00 C.￡14.20 D.￡16.40Example1:2010年全國Ⅰ,A篇

☆Shakespeare’sBirthpla6BelowaresomeclassifiedadsfromanEnglishnewspaper.classifiedadsFORDIRECTCLASSIFIEDSERVICECALL800-055710A.M.-4P.M.MONDAY-FRIDAYFORSALECOMEtoourmovingsale---Plants,pottery,books,clothes,etc,Sat,Dec.14th---9a.m.-5p.m.1612Ferndale,Apt.1,800-4696.USEDFURCOATSandJACKETS.GOODcondition.$30-$50.Call800-0436after12noon.MOVING:Mustsell.TV21”,$50;AM/FMradioA/Corbattery,$15;cassettetaperecorder,$10.CallJonorPat,800-0793after5p.m.orweekends.SHEEPSKINCOAT:man’s,size42,1yearold.$85.After6p.m.,800-5224.……Q:Asecond-handjacketwillprobablycostyou______.A.$60 B.$40 C.$20 D.$10Example2:2009年浙江,B篇☆Belowaresomeclassifiedads72.

知識推斷題解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會基礎(chǔ)常識，而且還需要對細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識有一個充分的理解。知識推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識推斷題一般都是針對細(xì)節(jié)。技巧:2.知識推斷題解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一8Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire(藍(lán)寶石)worthnearlysixhundredthousanddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbitten(咬)byoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.Medicinewasbeingkeptreadyatanearbyhospital.……Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.A.anIndianhotel B.anIndianmuseum C.aJapanesehotel D.aJapanesemuseumExample3:全國☆Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoi93.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題解答這類題的前提是首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實，然后按題意的要求進(jìn)行推斷。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、態(tài)度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。技巧:3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題解答這類題的前提是首先獲10Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes.”Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.”shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?”Q:Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause______.A.shelivednearhishouse B.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhim D.shelovedhimverymuchExample4:☆Whentheyoungwaitres11OnceNapoleonstayedinasmallinn(旅館).…………“Please,sir.”beggedtheinnkeeper,“Don'tkillus!Wemeantnothing!”Thesoldiersmovedback.Theinnkeepersawthemraisingtheirguns.ThenNapoleoncalled:“Ready!Aim!”Thewifescreamed.“Stop!”saidNapoleon.Hewenttotheinnkeeper,“Now,youknowtheanswertothequestionyouaskedmejustnow,don’tyou?”Q:WhydidNapoleonorderedhismentotiethecouple?Becausehewantedtoteachtheinnkeeperagoodlessonforbotheringhim.B.Becausehewantedtokillthecoupletogetridofhisanger.C.Becausehewantedtoshowthathewassoadmiringageneralthatnobodycouldupsethim.D.Becausehewantedtomadetheinnkeeperknowthatagenerallikehimhadthesamefeelingastheordinarypeopleinfaceofdanger.Example5:☆OnceNapoleonstayedi124.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息2.文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論3.與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。

干擾項特點:4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息134.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。2.要忠實原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。3.注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。技巧:4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思14Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.veryclean B.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortable D.dirtyandfullofinsectsExample6:☆Onedayamanwalkedi15Sincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist…….Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(風(fēng)景畫)muchinfluenced（影響）byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.……butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttimeIpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.……SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.…………AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”71.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor______.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.John B.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolors D.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventyExample7:2006年全國Ⅰ,D篇☆Sincemyretirement(退165.

作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題作者觀點、態(tài)度題考查目標(biāo)比較明確，題干一般都含有accordingtothewriter/author,attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard等詞或短語。這類題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度外，有的還考查作者對具體的某個人或事物的態(tài)度或評價。如作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是中立/猶豫不定，對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。5.作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題作者觀點、態(tài)度175.

作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題常見提問形式:1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards…?2.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…”?4.Fromthe…paragraph,whatdoyouthinktheauthorwantstotellus?5.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against.6.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？

5.作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題常見提問形式:1.What’185.

作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題干擾項特點:1.是自己的某種看法或觀點2.是社會的一種普遍種傾向3.是與本文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點或看法等技巧:問全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或動詞確定作者的態(tài)度；2.如果問的是對某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。5.作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題干擾項特點:1.是自己的某種19LastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisitedmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson,Arizona.Hemovedthereafewyearsago,andIwaseagertoseehisnewplaceandmeethisfriends.……Onthefirstdayofmyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather’sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafé.Wetalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateonthestreettable,andlaughedovermyson’sfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfather’scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?Whathadheldhimbackbefore?……Q:WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?A.Morecritical B.Moretalkative C.Gentleandfriendly D.Strictandhard-working.Example8:2008年全國Ⅰ,A篇☆Lastweekmyyoungest20Askids,myfriendsandIspentalotoftimeoutinthewoods.“Thewoods”wasourpart-timeaddress,destination,purpose,andexcuse.………Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.Bythensomeofushasreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescence(青春期).InMarch,themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter,twofriendsandIsetouttogoexploring.Weclimbedatree,andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree.SoontherewouldbethespringdancesonFridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria.Q:Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood?A.Happybutshort. B.Lonelybutmemorable.C.Boringandmeaningless. D.Longandunforgettable.Example9:2008年天津,E篇☆A(yù)skids,myfriendsan216.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見提問形式:考查整篇文章:Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto______.2.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto______.3.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?4.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto______.6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見提問形式:考查整篇文章:The226.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見提問形式:考查某處細(xì)節(jié):Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat______.2.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.3..…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto______.6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見提問形式:考查某處細(xì)節(jié):The236.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見的寫作目的:不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種:1.toamuse/entertainreaders(娛樂讀者)2.topersuadereaderstosellaproductoraservice(說服讀者接受某種觀點/某樣?xùn)|西）3.toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息)6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見的寫作目的:不246.寫作目的/意圖推斷題技巧:這種寫作目的常見于故事類的文章。

1.toamuse/entertainreaders2.topersuadereaderstosellaproductoraservice

這種主要是通過對旅游景點﹑報刊雜志﹑影片﹑電視節(jié)目等的介紹來達(dá)到寫作目的:吸引更多的游客﹑讀者或訂戶﹑觀眾或者推銷產(chǎn)品或者服務(wù)等6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題技巧:這種寫作目的常見于故事類的文256.寫作目的/意圖推斷題技巧:3.toinformreaders這種寫作目的多見于科普類﹑新聞報道類﹑文化類或社會類的文章。了解這類文章的寫作目的有賴于對文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時有必要找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句，或較好地對主題加以歸納。6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題技巧:3.toinformr26Peoplebelievethatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetogotothemountainstolearnhowtoclimb,you’rewrong.……Howdopeopleclimbthewall?Toclimb,youneedspecialshoesandharness(保護(hù)帶)aroundyourchesttoholdyou.……Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.Q:Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Totellpeoplewheretofindgyms. B.Toprovethebasicneedforclimbing.C.Toencouragepeopletoclimbmountains. D.Tointroducethesportofwallclimbing.Example10:2008年安徽,C篇☆Peoplebelievethatcl2714daysfromjust￡2,090ppFullyinclusivefromtheUKPricecovers:Internationalairfares,departuretaxes,fuelcharges,localtransportation,accommodation,allmeals,entrancefees,guides,dailytoursandvisasforUKcitizens.◆

Days1-3:UK-Shanghai……◆

Day14:Beijing-UKKs5uFlybacktotheUK,arrivinghomelaterthesamedayfilledwithhappymemories.Q:Theadismainlyintendedto______.A.encouragetheBritishtotravelinChinaB.attracttheBritishtotraditionalChinesefoodC.offerserviceofbookingairticketstotouristsD.providetheBritishwithabetterunderstandingofChinaExample11:2009年福建,C篇☆14daysfromjust￡2,090ppExa28“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity.Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean.“Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples(漣漪),butiftheykeeponblowing,thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves……Q:Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders'knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders'attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor'simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthemExample12:2005年廣東,C篇☆“Haveyoueverbeenou297.文章出處/來源推斷題Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.2.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?3.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof______.常見提問形式:7.文章出處/來源推斷題Thepassageismo30

7.文章出處/來源推斷題這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處。如:1.報紙:前面會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱。2.廣告:因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)。3.產(chǎn)品說明:器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式等;而藥品的服用說明會告知服用時間、次數(shù)、藥量等。解題技巧: 7.文章出處/來源推斷題這類問題應(yīng)從文章31Example13:2010年江西,B篇HeadofResearchSalary:￡55.271WearelookingforaHeadofResearchtomanagetheCWUresearchDepartandinformationCentre.Youwouldberequiredtoexercisecontrolofallresearchworkofthedepartmentandmanageateamofthreeresearchersandfoursupportstaff.……Toapply,pleaserequestanapplicationpackbyemailinghr@orbytelephoningHR(HwianResources)on02089707482.Whenapplyingpleasestateyoursource.ClosingDateforApplications:4thAugust2010Anticipatedinterviewdate:17thAugust2010NoagenciespleaseInwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldwefindthisadvertisement?A.Arts B.Sales C.Jobs D.News.☆Example13:2010年江西,B篇Headof32Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected”?Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.“Toreducepain,taketwotablets(藥片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(緩解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askforyourdoctor'sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine”.Q:Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.textbook B.newsreelC.doctor'snotebook D.bottleofmedicineExample14:全國☆Doyoualwaysundersta33

8.預(yù)測想象推斷題Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostlikely/probablytobe______.2.Thepassageisprobablyfollowedbyaparagraphabout______?3.Whatdidtheparagraphpreceding/followingthissectionlikelydealwith/talkabout/discuss?4.Whatwilltheauthortalkaboutinthenextparagraph?常見提問形式:有些內(nèi)容文章中沒有明確說明，要求考生根據(jù)語篇，對事件可能的結(jié)局或下段可能涉及的內(nèi)容等進(jìn)行預(yù)測推理。 8.預(yù)測想象推斷題Theparagraphfollo34

8.預(yù)測想象推斷題做這類題時應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路(如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來敘述)，從而做出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測。技巧: 8.預(yù)測想象推斷題做這類題時應(yīng)把握作者的35Weareinthecomputerage.Weoftenseecomputersatwork.Theyareespeciallyusefulinautomaticcontrol,dateprocessing(數(shù)據(jù)處理)andsolvingcomplicatedproblems.Andtheyarefindingtheirwayintothehome.……Moreandcleverercomputerswillcontinuetoappear.Theywillrunfaster,havemorefunctionsandworkmoreskillfully.Theywilltakeovermoretasksfromus,helpingtochangethefaceofourworld.Somepeopleeventhinkthatsoonerorlatercomputerswillreplaceus.However……Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostlikelytobetalkedaboutinthethirdparagraph?A.Computerswillsoonstopdeveloping.B.Computersareascleverasman.C.Manypeoplelikecomputersverymuch.D.Idon'tthinkcomputerswillreplaceuscompletely.Example15:☆Weareinthecomputer36Therewasiceontheroad,andthedoctor’scarhitatreeandturnedoverthreetimes.Tohissurprise,hewasnothurt.Hegotoutofthecarandwalkedtothenearesthouse,hewantedtotelephonethegarage(汽車修理廠)forhelp.Thedoorwasopenedbyoneofhispatients.“Oh,Doctor.”shesaid,“Ihaveonlyjusttelephonedyou.Youmusthaveaveryfastcar.Youhavegothereveryquicklyindeed.Therehasbeenaverybadaccidentintheroadoutside.Isawitthroughthewindow.Iamsurethedriverwillneedyourhelp”.Q:Whichofthefollowingisthemostlikelyreplythedoctorgavethewomanpatientattheendofthestory?A.“Yes,hedoesneedhelp-yourhelp,notmine.”B.“Anotheraccident?I'vejusthadanaccidentmyself?”C.“Igotyourcallandrushedover.IhopeI'mnottoolate.”D.“Ididn'tgetyourcall.ButI'mhereandhopeIcanhelp.”Example16:☆Therewasiceonther37

在推理判斷時要牢記以下幾點：1.嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理，千萬不要摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗;2.如果某選項中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡單重復(fù)，那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案;3.如果某選項所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗相吻合，文中卻沒有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案;4.如果某個選項表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案;5.文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正確答案;6.注意作者在文章中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively,rather則常帶有否定的口氣;7.某些過渡詞(例如：however,but,onthecontrary,what’smore)后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點和態(tài)度。在推理判斷時要牢記以下幾點：38閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類：1．事實細(xì)節(jié)題。2．主旨大意題。3．詞義猜測題。4．推理判斷題。閱讀理解主要考查形式主要有四大類：1．事實細(xì)節(jié)題。239英語閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，而是要求閱讀者根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義，這就是判斷推理題。判斷推理題在閱讀測試中屬于難題。因此，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運用邏輯思維，哲學(xué)原理，并借助一定的常識進(jìn)行分析，推理，判斷。

英語閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，而是要40五年高考全國卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計表2006全國Ⅱ2007全國Ⅰ2008全國Ⅰ2009全國Ⅰ2010全國Ⅱ推理判斷題量77578推理判斷題量在近5年中相對穩(wěn)定五年高考全國卷推理判斷題量統(tǒng)計表2006200720082411.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題2.知識推斷題5.作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題7.文章出處/來源推斷題推理判斷8.預(yù)測想象推斷題4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題2.知識推斷題5.作42

1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題解答此類題,關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字的信息,然后在透徹理解原文的字面意義和題意的基礎(chǔ)上,運用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識,對其進(jìn)行分析、推算,從而得出正確的結(jié)論。技巧: 1.數(shù)據(jù)推斷題解答此類題,關(guān)鍵是要善于43Shakespeare’sBirthplaceandExhibitionofShakespeare’sWorld……TheBirthplaceiswithineasywalkingdistanceofallthecarparksshownonthemap:nearestisWindsorStreet(3minutes’Walk)……Q:Howmuchistheadmissionforafamilyoftwogrown-upsandtwochildren?A.￡9.80 B.￡12.00 C.￡14.20 D.￡16.40Example1:2010年全國Ⅰ,A篇

☆Shakespeare’sBirthpla44BelowaresomeclassifiedadsfromanEnglishnewspaper.classifiedadsFORDIRECTCLASSIFIEDSERVICECALL800-055710A.M.-4P.M.MONDAY-FRIDAYFORSALECOMEtoourmovingsale---Plants,pottery,books,clothes,etc,Sat,Dec.14th---9a.m.-5p.m.1612Ferndale,Apt.1,800-4696.USEDFURCOATSandJACKETS.GOODcondition.$30-$50.Call800-0436after12noon.MOVING:Mustsell.TV21”,$50;AM/FMradioA/Corbattery,$15;cassettetaperecorder,$10.CallJonorPat,800-0793after5p.m.orweekends.SHEEPSKINCOAT:man’s,size42,1yearold.$85.After6p.m.,800-5224.……Q:Asecond-handjacketwillprobablycostyou______.A.$60 B.$40 C.$20 D.$10Example2:2009年浙江,B篇☆Belowaresomeclassifiedads452.

知識推斷題解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會基礎(chǔ)常識，而且還需要對細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識有一個充分的理解。知識推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原義的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識推斷題一般都是針對細(xì)節(jié)。技巧:2.知識推斷題解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一46Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoisoncouldkillapersonintenminutes,areguardingabluestarsapphire(藍(lán)寶石)worthnearlysixhundredthousanddollarsataJapaneseexhibitionofjewelssentfromanIndianmuseum.“Normallyitwouldbeforbiddentoletthesepoisonoussnakesguardexhibitionobjects,butit’sdifferentthistimebecausethejewelsarebeingexhibitedatahotel,”apoliceofficialsaid.Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbitten(咬)byoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.Medicinewasbeingkeptreadyatanearbyhospital.……Q:Thejewelswasbeingshownin______.A.anIndianhotel B.anIndianmuseum C.aJapanesehotel D.aJapanesemuseumExample3:全國☆Tokyo:Threesnakes,whosepoi473.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題解答這類題的前提是首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實，然后按題意的要求進(jìn)行推斷。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文中所陳述的事實、論點、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗、態(tài)度、觀點或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。技巧:3.邏輯結(jié)論推斷題解答這類題的前提是首先獲48Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes.”Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.”shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?”Q:Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause______.A.shelivednearhishouse B.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhim D.shelovedhimverymuchExample4:☆Whentheyoungwaitres49OnceNapoleonstayedinasmallinn(旅館).…………“Please,sir.”beggedtheinnkeeper,“Don'tkillus!Wemeantnothing!”Thesoldiersmovedback.Theinnkeepersawthemraisingtheirguns.ThenNapoleoncalled:“Ready!Aim!”Thewifescreamed.“Stop!”saidNapoleon.Hewenttotheinnkeeper,“Now,youknowtheanswertothequestionyouaskedmejustnow,don’tyou?”Q:WhydidNapoleonorderedhismentotiethecouple?Becausehewantedtoteachtheinnkeeperagoodlessonforbotheringhim.B.Becausehewantedtokillthecoupletogetridofhisanger.C.Becausehewantedtoshowthathewassoadmiringageneralthatnobodycouldupsethim.D.Becausehewantedtomadetheinnkeeperknowthatagenerallikehimhadthesamefeelingastheordinarypeopleinfaceofdanger.Example5:☆OnceNapoleonstayedi504.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息2.文章中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論3.與文章內(nèi)容完全相反的結(jié)論4.不合常理或不合邏輯的結(jié)論等。

干擾項特點:4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題1.文章中直接用于表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)的信息514.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。2.要忠實原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。3.注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。技巧:4.隱含意思/細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思52Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse,itwas______.A.veryclean B.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortable D.dirtyandfullofinsectsExample6:☆Onedayamanwalkedi53Sincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist…….Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(風(fēng)景畫)muchinfluenced（影響）byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.……butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttimeIpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.……SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.…………AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”71.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor______.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.John B.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolors D.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventyExample7:2006年全國Ⅰ,D篇☆Sincemyretirement(退545.

作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題作者觀點、態(tài)度題考查目標(biāo)比較明確，題干一般都含有accordingtothewriter/author,attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard等詞或短語。這類題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度外，有的還考查作者對具體的某個人或事物的態(tài)度或評價。如作者對陳述的觀點是贊同、反對還是中立/猶豫不定，對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。5.作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題作者觀點、態(tài)度555.

作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題常見提問形式:1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards…?2.Whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage?3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…”?4.Fromthe…paragraph,whatdoyouthinktheauthorwantstotellus?5.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against.6.Withwhichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragree？

5.作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題常見提問形式:1.What’565.

作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題干擾項特點:1.是自己的某種看法或觀點2.是社會的一種普遍種傾向3.是與本文無關(guān)或與作者相反的觀點或看法等技巧:問全文主體事物的(包括主題)，可以根據(jù)闡述主題或有關(guān)主體事物的相關(guān)句中表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞或動詞確定作者的態(tài)度；2.如果問的是對某一具體事物的態(tài)度，則可以定位到具體相關(guān)句，然后確定答案。5.作者觀點、態(tài)度傾向推斷題干擾項特點:1.是自己的某種57LastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisitedmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson,Arizona.Hemovedthereafewyearsago,andIwaseagertoseehisnewplaceandmeethisfriends.……Onthefirstdayofmyvisit,wewentoutwithoneofmyfather’sfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafé.Wetalkedalongthatafternoon,didsomeshopping,ateonthestreettable,andlaughedovermyson’sfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfather’scritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather,whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound?Whathadheldhimbackbefore?……Q:WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson?A.Morecritical B.Moretalkative C.Gentleandfriendly D.Strictandhard-working.Example8:2008年全國Ⅰ,A篇☆Lastweekmyyoungest58Askids,myfriendsandIspentalotoftimeoutinthewoods.“Thewoods”wasourpart-timeaddress,destination,purpose,andexcuse.………Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.Bythensomeofushasreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescence(青春期).InMarch,themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter,twofriendsandIsetouttogoexploring.Weclimbedatree,andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree.SoontherewouldbethespringdancesonFridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria.Q:Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood?A.Happybutshort. B.Lonelybutmemorable.C.Boringandmeaningless. D.Longandunforgettable.Example9:2008年天津,E篇☆A(yù)skids,myfriendsan596.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見提問形式:考查整篇文章:Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto______.2.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto______.3.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?4.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto______.6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見提問形式:考查整篇文章:The606.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見提問形式:考查某處細(xì)節(jié):Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat______.2.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.3..…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto______.6.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見提問形式:考查某處細(xì)節(jié):The616.寫作目的/意圖推斷題常見的寫作目的:不同的文章可能有不同的寫作目的,但寫作目的通常有以下三種:1.toamuse/entertainrea