輪機英語考證模擬題

?第一篇輪機英語考證指南?PAGE1,第一篇輪機英語考證模擬題(主推進裝置）(船舶和機械)Theauxiliaryengineanda.c.generatorcanbeconnectedwith____A,cam B.crosshead C.bulge D.coupling注：副機和發(fā)電機用聯(lián)軸節(jié)連接，故選D。Thetermmediumspeeddieselengineiscurrentlytakentomeananenginewithanoperat-

ingrotationalspeedof rpm.A.below300 B.above1200C.between300to1200 D.below1200注：術(shù)語"中速機"是指運行速度介于300-1200rpm之間的發(fā)動機。（也有說法為300-1000rpm),只能選C，故選C。Therotatingrangeofthelowspeeddieselengineisusuallylowerthan .A.100rpm B.200rpm C.300rpm D.500rpm注：術(shù)語"低速機"是指運行速度小于300rpm的發(fā)動機，故選CAmongthemainpropulsionunitsonboardtheshipwiththesamecapacity，thelightestone

is .A.steamengine B.steamturbineC.gasturbine D.dieselengine注：船舶使用的各種類型的主推進裝置中，如果產(chǎn)生的功率相同，裝置重量最輕的是燃氣輪機。（比功率大是燃氣輪機的優(yōu)點，同樣功率，內(nèi)燃機中重量最輕，體積也最故選c。Concerningdieselpropelledvessels,theasternpoweristoprovideforcontinuousoperation

astem .equaltothatavailableforaheadoperationat70percentoftheaheadrpmatratedspeedwhileunderwayandunderallnormalconditionsat70percentoftheaheadrpmofaveragecontinuousseaspeed注：柴油機驅(qū)動的船舶，倒車轉(zhuǎn)速一般是正車額定轉(zhuǎn)速的70%-80%,故選B。Adieselengineisoperatingat1800rpmanddrivingapropellerat600rpm.Whatisthespeedreductionratio?A.0.30to1 B.3.00to1 C.3.33to1 D.33.0to注：減速齒輪箱的減速比=曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速/螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)速=1800/600=3，故選B。Enginedisplacementisequaltothecylinder .areatimesthestrokeareatimesthestroke，timesthenumberofcylindersvolumetimesthestrokevolumetimesthestroke，timesthenumberofcylinders注：發(fā)動機的排量=氣缸面積x活塞沖程x氣缸數(shù)目，選B。Inusingreductiongearstoobtainefficientpropellerspeeds， .theymustbelocatedattheafterendoftheenginetheycanonlybeusedwithoneengineatatimetheyeliminatetheneedforcontrollablepitchpropellerstheyareconnectedtotheenginewithaflexiblecoupling注：減速齒輪與發(fā)動機采用柔性聯(lián)軸節(jié)連接，選D。Maximumhorsepowerofadieselengineisattained .whentheenginerpmispulleddownbyoverloadatratedenginerpmat95%ofratedenginerpmat95%ofaproperlyadjustedgovernorrpmwiththeengineunderfullload注：柴油機的最大功率是在其額定轉(zhuǎn)速時產(chǎn)生的，故選B。*Theterm"moderatespeed"waspreviouslyinterpretedasmeaningaspeedwhichwouldenableavessel withinhalftherangeofvisibility.A.stopping B.beingstoppedC.tostop D.tobestopped注：術(shù)語"中等速度"以前被解釋為能使船舶在視野的一半距離內(nèi)被停住的速度。根據(jù)題意船舶被停住要使用被動語態(tài)，enable后面要跟動詞不定式，故選D。 canbefoundonmostmediumtolargemerchantvesselsevenifthemainengineIBeitherasteamturbineor2-strokecrossheadengine.Themediumspeed4-stroketrunkpistonengineThelowspeed2-strokecrossheadengineThemediumspeed2-strokecrossheadengineThelowspeed4-stroketrunkpistonengine注：即使主機是汽輪機，或者是二沖程十字頭柴油機，在中到大型的商船上也有采用中速的四沖程筒狀柴油機。B中的二沖程機題目中已有，C中的中速二沖程機和D中的低速四沖程機都不對，只有A的中速四沖程機符合題意，故選A。 allowstheenginetobeplacedwhereverismostsuitable,astheynolongerhavetobealignedwithreductiongearingandshaftingasisthecasewithconventionalinstallations.

A.Dieselenginepropulsion B.DieselelectricpropulsionC.Steamenginepropulsion D.Gasturbinepropulsion注：柴油電力推進可以使主機布置在最合適的位置，而不用像傳統(tǒng)的推進裝置要求與減速齒輪和軸系對中，根據(jù)題意選B。Dieselelectricpropulsion指柴油電力推進。Mediumspeedengineshavea powertoweightratiothantheslowspeedtwostrokes,butduetothehigherspeedstendtohave maintenanceintervals.A.higher;reduced B.higher；increasedC,lower；reduced D.lower；increased注：中速機比低速二沖程機的功率重量大，但由于速度高，檢修周期較短，故選A。Thedieselengineissimilartothegasolineengineinthat .bothofthemareignitedbycompressedairbothofthemaretheformsofexternalcombustionenginesbothofthemhavesparkplugsthepowerisdevelopedbythepistoninthecylinder注：柴油機類似汽油機在于功率都是由氣缸里的活塞產(chǎn)生的，故選D。Thereasonwhymoreandmoreofthelargemerchantvesselsarebeingpoweredbymedium-

speeddieselenginesis .theyoperatebetween150and450rpmtheyareconnectedtothepropellerbygearingtheirsmallersizeandweighttheycanbeconnecteddirectlytothepropellerwithoutgearing注：越來越多的大型商船以中速柴油機為動力的原因是它們的尺寸小、重量輕，故選c。Gasturbinesdifferfromsteamturbinesinthat .steamratherthangasisusedtoturnashaftvaporratherthangasisusedtoturnashafttheformerusesgastoturnashaftD.thelatterusesgastoturnashaft注：燃氣輪機區(qū)別于汽輪機在于前者使用燃氣去使軸轉(zhuǎn)動，故選C。Adieselenginewhichisratedfornormaloperationatacrankshaftspeedof800rpm,is

commonlyclassedasa .A.slow-speeddiesel B.medium-speeddieselhigh-speeddiesel D.constant-speeddiesel注：曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速800轉(zhuǎn)/分以額定功率正常運行的柴油機稱為中速柴油機，故選B。 isanopeningforsupplyingseawatertocondensers,pumps,etc.locatedinthehullbelowthewaterlineandhavingmeansfortheattachmentofassociatedpiping.A.Seachest B.Scupper C.Scuttle D.Seaport注：海底門是向冷凝器、泵等供應(yīng)海水的進口，位于水線下方的船殼處，可用于連接相應(yīng)的管路，故選A。scupper排水口，scuttle天窗。Ashipdesignedforcarryinggoodsrequiringrefrigerationiscalled .A.reefer B.ro/roship C.container D.tanker注：設(shè)計用于運輸冷藏物品的船舶是冷藏船，選A.Ro/Roship滾裝船。Thedepthoftheshipbelowwaterlinemeasuredverticallytothelowestpartofthehullis

called .A.trim B.lean C.draft D.tonnage注：船舶水線以下垂直到船殼最低點的深度稱為吃水線，故選c。Whichofthetermslistedbelowrepresentstheoperationalspeedatwhichexcessiveenginevibrationiscreated?A.Non-harmonicspeed. B.Criticalspeed.C.Maximumspeed. D.Designmaximumspeed.注：臨界速度代表發(fā)動機過度振動產(chǎn)生的運轉(zhuǎn)速度，故選B。Whichofthedeviceslistedisinstalledonadieselenginetoisolatesomeofthecrankshaftvibrationscausedbyrotationalandreciprocatingforces?A.Planetarygearset B.Torsionalvibrationdamper.C.Frictionclutch. D.Airbladderclutch.注：裝在柴油機的振減振器用來隔離由回轉(zhuǎn)和往復(fù)作用力所產(chǎn)生的部分曲軸振動，選B。Planetarygear行星輪。dieselengineelectricstartingmotorsgenerallyrequireheavierdutymotorsandoperateat

highervoltagesthancomparablestartingmotorsforgasolineenginesdueto____A.higherspeedrequired B.flywheel-effectC.lowerstartingtemperatures D.highercompressionpressures注：因為要更高的壓縮壓力，柴油機電起動馬達與類似的汽油機的起動馬達相比，要有更大的功率和更高的電壓，故選D。Somemediumandhigh-speeddieselenginesrequirereductiongearunitstoprovideauseful

propellerspeed.Inmostreductiongears，thebullgear .___mustchurntheoilinthesumpisconnectedtothepropellershaftisdrivenatthehighestrpmcompensatesforalignmentvariationsbetweentheengineandpiniongear注：中高速柴油機需要減速裝置來提供一個可用（有效）的螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)速。大多數(shù)減速裝置，大齒輪與螺旋槳軸連在一起，故選B。bullgear大齒輪。Whenusedwithreversingreductiongears,medium-speeddieselenginesshouldbebolted

totheirfoundationswithfittedboltsatthedriveendandclearance(looselyfitted)boltsin

otherlocations.Thisisdoneto .maintainalignmentwhentheship'shullisworkinginheavyseasensureenginevibrationscorrespondtothenaturalfrequencyofthehullpermittheenginetoexpandawayfromthedrivenequipmentastheengineheatsupandexpandsmaintainenginethrustbearingclearances注：當與倒車減速裝置一起使用時，中速柴油機應(yīng)該在傳動端用裝配螺栓與底座連在一起，而在其它地方則用間隙螺栓固定，這樣可使柴油機熱膨脹時留有膨脹余地，故選CWhentransmittedbyareductiongear,dieselenginespeedisreducedandthetorqueavailableforwork.A.remainsthesameB.isreduced C.isincreased D.iseliminated注：通過減速裝置，柴油機速度降低，扭矩增加，故選c。Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectconcerningavailableasternpowerfordieselmainpropulsionsystems?Asternpoweristobeprovidedinasufficientamounttosecurepropercontroloftheshipinallnormalcircumstances.Theasternpowerofthemainpropellingmachineryistoprovideforcontinuousoperationasternat60%oftheaheadrpmatratedspeed.Formainpropulsionsystemswithoutreversinggears，controllablepitchpropellersorelectricpropulsiondrive,runningasternisnottoleadtooverloadconditions.Asternpoweravailablewillbeequaltoaheadpowerwhencontrollablepitchpropellersareutilized,thusdiscountingtheneedforincreasedoperatingparameters.注：倒車功率必須能提供足夠的功率確保在各種正常情況下能夠?qū)Υ斑M行適當?shù)目刂疲蔬xA。Whentwomediumspeeddieselenginescoupledinparalleltoacommonpropellershaftthatoperatesatthesamespeedastheengines，whichoftheoperatingconditionslistedwillapply?Fullhorsepowerisavailableaheadandastern.Oneenginemustberunningaheadandtheotherastern.Fullreversingtorqueisnotavailable.Mechanicalreductiongearingisrequired.注：當兩臺中速柴油機并排連接到同速運轉(zhuǎn)的普通螺旋槳軸上，需要機械減速裝置，故選D。Theabbreviation"M/E"isusedtorepresentthe.A.measureequipment B.mainelectricalC.myengine D.mainengine注：M/E是主機的縮寫，故選D。___areincreasinglyusedasmainengineonmerchantvessels，becausetheyhaveahighHp/Weightratio.A.Slowspeeddieselengines B.Medium-speeddieselenginesC.Steamengines D.Gasolineengines注：中速柴油機越來越多地被用于商船，因為它們的功率/重量大，故選B。Propulsionofthevastmajorityofcontemporarymerchantships(especiallycontainerships

andVLCCs)utilizes asprimemover.A.gasturbine B.dieselengineC. steamengine D.gasolineengine注：當前多數(shù)商船的動力裝置尤其是集裝箱船和超大型船使用柴油機作為原動力，故選B。Typicalmarinepropulsionplantsinclude directlycoupledtothevessel'ssinglelarge-diameter,fixed-pitchpropeller.asingle,long-stroke,slow-speed,turbocharged,two-strokedieselengineasingle,long-stroke,medium-speed,turbocharged,four-strokedieselenginetwomedium-speed，turbocharged，four-strokedieselenginesD. avariable-speeda.c.generator注：典型的船用動力裝置包括單臺低速、長沖程、渦輪增壓二沖程柴油機，故選B。With theengineneednottobealignedwithreductiongearsorpropellershaft.A.Dieselenginepropulsion B.Dieselelectricpropulsion.C.Steamenginepropulsion D.Gasturbinepropulsion注：采用柴油電力推進裝置，柴油機不需要與減速裝置或螺旋槳軸對中，故選B。34.Dieselenginesinsteadofsteamengineswereusedasmainengineonboardshipsismainly

because___A.theyhaveahighmechanicalefficiencyB.theyhaveahighthermalefficiency

C.theyaremorereliable D.theyhavealargevolume注：柴油機替代汽輪機用作船舶的主機主要是因為它們有高的熱效率，故選B。Whenashipinloadedconditionfloatsatarbitrarywaterline,itsdisplacementis___ totherelevantmassofwaterdisplacedbytheship.A.equal B.larger C.smaller D.equivalent注：當一條載有貨物的船在任何吃水線時，她的排水量等于載貨船舶的總重量，故選A。Thedisplacementofashipis tothetotalweight，alltold，oftherelevantloadedship.A.larger B.equal C.smaller D.equivalent注：船舶的排水量等于人們所說的載貨船舶的總重量，故選B。Whichoneisnottrue?Twomainareasofskillareinvolvedintheconstructionofship.Therearedistinctdivisionsinresponsibilitiesbetweennavalarchitectsandmarineengineers.Eachshipwillassumevaryingproportionsaccordingtoitstype.Shipscanbedividedintodifferentcategoriesfromdifferentperspectives.注：造船工程師和輪機員在職責上有明確的區(qū)別，故選B。Whyagearboxisneededinashipdrivenbyamedium-speeddieselengine?A.Toreducethemainenginespeed. B.Toincreasethemainenginespeed.C.Togovernthemainenginespeed. D.Tofixthepropellershaft.注：中速柴油機的齒輪箱是用來固定螺旋槳軸的，故選D。Apropeller,inordertooperateefficiently,mustrotateatarelatively speed.A.high B.low C,fast D.lowly注：螺旋楽旋轉(zhuǎn)時低速才高效，故選B。(船用柴油機是如何工作的） arrangementshavelowtemperatureairandhightemperatureexhaustgaspassingthroughadjacentports，causingtemperaturedifferentialproblemsforthelinermaterial.A.LoopscavengeB.CrossscavengeC.UniflowscavengeD.Supercharge注：回流掃氣布置有低溫的進氣和高溫的排氣通過鄰近的氣口，會對缸套材料產(chǎn)生溫差問題。Loopscavenge(回流掃氣)Crossscavenge(橫流掃氣)Uniflowscavenge(直流掃氣）Supercharge(增壓）。按題意，選A。 scavengemeansbothexhaustportsandscavengeportsarearrangedtothesameside.A.Uniflow B.Cross C.Loop D.Straight注：回流掃氣意思是掃氣口和排氣口都布置在同一側(cè)，故選c。 tappetclearancewillcausetheexhaustvalvetoopenearlyandcloselateincycleandwillincreaseitsmaximumlift.A.ExcessiveB.InsufficientC.CorrectD.Noneoftheabove注：排氣閥挺桿間隙過小將引起其在循環(huán)中早開遲關(guān)并增加其升程（A是間隙過大，C是間隙適當），故選B。tappetclearance挺桿間隙。tappetclearancewillcausetheexhaustvalvetoopenlateandcloseearlyincycleandwillreduceitsmaximumlift.A.Correct B.Insufficient C.Excessive D.Noneoftheabove注：排氣閥挺桿間隙過大將引起其在循環(huán)中遲開早關(guān)并減少其升程，（與上題比較）故選C.____thecylinderwillcontainagreatweightofairandwillbecapableofburningagreatquantityoffuel.AttheendbeginningofthecompressionstrokeAtthebeginningofthesuctionstrokeAttheendoftheworkingstrokeAttheendoftheexhauststroke注：在壓縮行程初，氣缸內(nèi)將容納了大量的空氣，并能燃燒大量的燃油，選A。____thesuperchargepressureis,____poweranenginedevelops.

A.Thehigher；themore B.Higher；moreC.Higher；little D.Thehigher；theless注：增壓壓力越大，柴油機輸出功率越大，故選A。 usuallyhelpstoinduceairmovementtoassistcombustion.A.Cylindercover B,MainbearingC.Theexhaustvalve D.Thepistonmovement注：活塞的運動有助于空氣在氣缸中流動，以利燃燒，故選D。Achargeoffreshairisdrawnintotheenginecylinderandthen bythemovingpiston veryhighpressure.A.pressed；to B.pressurized；withC.pushed；in D.compressed；to注：新鮮空氣被吸入到發(fā)動機氣缸內(nèi)，然后被運動的活塞壓縮到很高的壓力，故選D。Adieselengineissimilartoagasolineengineexceptthattheformerhasno__. .A.cross-head B.cylinder C.connectingrodD.sparkplug注：柴油機與汽油機類似，但是無火花塞，故選D。exceptthat除去……一點之外。Alowspeedenginerequires reductiongearbox_____itandpropeller.A.none；both B.no；both C.none；betweenD.no；between注：低速發(fā)動機用作主推進裝置時，不需要減速齒輪箱（介于發(fā)動機和螺旋槳之間），選D。Areductioninloadonadieselengineresultsin ofspeedofthecrankshaftA.areduction B.anincrease C.anouting D.adownwards注：柴油機負荷減少會導(dǎo)致曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速上升，選B。Anincreaseinloadonadieselengineresultsin ofspeedofthecrankshaft.A.areduction B.anincrease C,anouting D.adownwards注：發(fā)動機負荷增加會導(dǎo)致曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速下降，選A。Anindicatordiagramisapressure-volumegraphtakenfromthepressureinthe___ ofaworkingengine.A.cranB.fuelpumpC.scavengetrunkD.cylinder注：示功圖可以用來表達發(fā)動機工作時某個缸內(nèi)壓力與體積的關(guān)系，選D。Asaheatengine， energyisthesourceofpowerbywhichthedieselenginecanbeoperated.A.electric B.heat C.mechanical D.exhaust注：柴油機作為熱機，熱能是其功率的來源，故選B。Atleast cylindersinatwo-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition.A.6 B.12 C.4 D.8注：二沖程柴油機要能正常工作至少需要4個氣缸，故選CAtleast cylindersinfour-strokeenginewillbeconfiguredtoensurethattheenginecanbestartedwiththecrankshaftatwhateverposition.A.6 B.2 C.12 D.8注：四沖程柴油機要能正常工作至少需要6個氣缸，故選A。Charging-airpressureincreasesifthereisincorrectcombustionanddropinthe ___ofthedieselengine.A.machineefficiency B.machineryefficiencyC.mechanicalefficiency D.mechanicsefficiency注：如果柴油機燃燒不良，機械效率下降，進氣空氣壓力就會提高，故選CDieselenginesarestartedbysupplying intothecylindersintheappropriatese-

quencefortherequireddirection.A.coolingwater B.compressingairC.compressedairD.cylinderoil注：柴油機的起動是通過按所需要的方向以合適的順序向氣缸通人壓縮空氣來實現(xiàn)的。壓縮空氣是被壓縮的空氣，應(yīng)該用過去分詞，故選c。Dieselenginesarestartedbysupplying intothecylindersintheappropriatese-

quencefortherequireddirection.A.fueloil B.dieseloil C.compressedairD.jacketwater注：柴油機的起動是通過按所需要的方向以合適的順序向氣缸通入壓縮空氣來實現(xiàn)的，(見上題）故選CDueto actionofpistonssomerelativemotionbetweenpartsincontactinthecoolantsupplyandreturnsystemmustoccur.A.reciprocating B.rotating C.running D.removing注：由于活塞的往復(fù)運動，與冷卻劑供應(yīng)及返回管路接觸的部件之間的某種相對運動必然發(fā)生，故選A。Duringthesuctionstroke，thepistonismoving___ .A.inwards B.outwards C.downwards D.upwards注：吸氣沖程期間，活塞下行，故選C。Duringworking,whenthepistonisnearthe ，theairignitesthefinesprayoffuel.A.TDC B.DTC C.BDC D.BCD注：發(fā)動機工作時，當活塞接近上止點時，空氣便點燃細霧狀的燃油，（TDC是上止點，BDC是下止點。）故選A。Engine referstotherelativetimeofpositionofcrank，atwhicheachoperationdur-

ingthecycleiscommencedandiscompleted.A.timing B.deviation C.firingorder D.phase注：發(fā)動機的定時指的是曲拐位置的相對時間，在此定時下，循環(huán)的每個動作開始和完成，故選A。Engine referstotherelativetimeofpositionofcrank，atwhicheachoperationdur-

ingthecycleiscommencedandiscompleted.A.timing B.power C.firingorder D.deadcenter注：發(fā)動機的定時指的是曲拐位置的相對時間，在此定時下，循環(huán)的每個動作開始和完成，（見上題）故選A。Exhausttemperatureincreasesinallcylinders，thepossiblecausemaybe___.IincreasedscavengingairtemperatureIIairinfuelpumpsandfuelvalvesIIIfoulingofairandgaspassages.A.I+II B.I+IIIC.II+III D.I+II+III注：所有氣缸的排溫上升，可能原因有：掃氣空氣溫度過高，空氣和廢氣通道污垢，噴油泵和油頭存在空氣往往會造成噴油延時，故選B。Foradieselengine,whenthepistonisatthe__ .thecylindervolumeisthelargest.

A.TDCB.DTCC.BDC D.DBC注：當活塞處于下止點時，活塞和氣缸構(gòu)成的容積最大，故選C。Foranordinaryfour-strokedieselenginetheexhaustvalvesclose ___.A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDC D.beforeBDC注：對于四沖程機，排氣閥往往在上止點之后關(guān)閉，故選A。Foranordinaryfour-strokeenginetheexhaustvalvesopen___ .A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDC D.beforeBDC注：對于四沖程機，排氣閥往往在下止點之前打開。可參考四沖程機的定時圓圖分析，故選D。Foranordinaryfour-strokeenginetheinletvalvesopen___ .A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDC D.beforeBDC注：對于四沖程機，進氣閥往往在上止點之前打開，故選B。Foranordinarymodemmarinefour-strokeenginetheinletvalvesclose___.

A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDC D.beforeBDC注：對于四沖程機，進氣閥往往在下止點之后關(guān)閉，故選C。Fourstrokesconsistofsuction，compression，__andexhauststroke.A.combustion B.condensation C.charging D.evaporation注：四沖程分別是：吸氣、壓縮、燃燒（膨脹）和排氣，故選A。Fuelhasbeeninjectedbutignitionfails.Thepossiblecausemaybe .A.leakyexhaustvalve B.increasedscavengingairtemperatureC.enginecylindersnotscavengedsufficientlyD.toomuchwaterinthefueloil注：燃油已經(jīng)噴射，但沒有發(fā)火燃燒。四個選項中，符合的只能是燃油中含有水分。但嚴格地說應(yīng)該是燃油中水分過多，故選D。Fuelinjectedintoadieselengine'scylinderisignitedby __.theheatcompressedfuel/airmixtureinthecylinderB．thefueligniterthefuelinjectorthefuelpump注：噴射到發(fā)動機氣缸內(nèi)的燃油是由氣缸內(nèi)空氣/燃油混合物的壓縮熱來點燃的（"壓燃式"的含義），故選A。Heatenergyisasourceofpower,but willcausedamagetotheengine.A.excessiveheatB.insufficientheatC.effectivecoolingD.highoutput注：熱能是功的來源，但是過多的熱量會對發(fā)動機造成損壞，故選A。74.Iftheflamefromcombustioninthecylinderofafour-strokeenginepastthepistonintothespacebelow，theaccumulationofflammablemixturewouldbeignited，thusresultingin__A.thecrankcaseexplosion B.liftingofthecylindersafetyvalveC.ascavengefire D.openingofthemanhole注：四沖程發(fā)動機氣缸燃燒的火焰經(jīng)過活塞到達下面空間，可燃混合物的積聚會被引燃，這樣便導(dǎo)致曲柄箱爆炸，故選A。Iftheflamefromcombustioninthecylinderofatwo-strokeenginepassesthepistoninto

thespacebetweenthepistonandthestuffingbox，theaccumulationofflammablemixture

wouldbeignited，thusresultingin .A.thecrankcaseexplosion B.liftingofthecylindersafetyvalveC.ascavengefire D.openingofthemanhole注：二沖程發(fā)動機氣缸燃燒的火焰經(jīng)過活塞到活塞和填料箱之間的空間，可燃混合物的積聚會被引燃，這樣便導(dǎo)致掃氣箱著火，故選C。Ina enginethechargeofairinthecylinderbeforecompressioncommencesisaboveatmosphericpressure.A.pressurechargedB.naturallyaspiratedC.contaminatedD.highspeeddiesel注：壓縮沖程前，氣缸內(nèi)的空氣壓力高于大氣壓，這種發(fā)動機必然是增壓式的，故選A。Inafour-strokeenginesthecamshaftrotatesat .__A.halftheenginerotationalspeed B.twicetheenginerotationalspeedC.theenginerotationalspeed D.fourtimestheenginerotationalspeed注：四沖程柴油機，凸輪軸的回轉(zhuǎn)速度是發(fā)動機曲軸回轉(zhuǎn)速度的一半，故選A。Inatwo-strokeenginethecamshaftrotatesat __theenginerotationalspeed.A.half B,twiceC.thesamespeedas D.fourtimes注：二沖程發(fā)動機中，凸輪軸回轉(zhuǎn)速度與曲軸回轉(zhuǎn)速度相同，故選c。Inafour-strokeenginethecamshaftrotatesat__ .A.halftheenginespeed B.twicetheenginespeedC.theenginespeed D.fourtimestheenginespeed注：四沖程發(fā)動機中，凸輪軸回轉(zhuǎn)速度是曲軸回轉(zhuǎn)速度的一半，故選A。0080．Inanordinarydieselenginethefuelinjectionbegin__A.afterTDCB.beforeTDCC.afterBDCD。beforeBDC

注：常用柴油機工作時，燃油噴射開始于上止點之前，故選B。

0081.Inanordinaryfour-strokeenginetheexhaustvalvesopen__ A.afterTDC B.beforeTDC C.afterBDCD.beforeBDC注：對于四沖程機，排氣閥往往在下止點之前打開。可參考四沖程機的定時圓圖分析，故選D。Infourstrokesengine,thecycleofeventsiscompletedinfourstrokesof__ .A.thecylinder B.thecrankshaftC.thepiston D.thecross-head注：四沖程柴油機中，工作循環(huán)是由活塞的四個沖程來完成，故選C。Inthefour-strokeengine,ittakes tomakeonepowerstroke.A.onepropulsionB.twopropulsionsC.tworevolutionsD.onerevolution注：四沖程機中，產(chǎn)生一個做功沖程，曲軸需要轉(zhuǎn)兩轉(zhuǎn)，故選CInthesuctionstrokeairisinducedintothecylinder__.Inthecompressionstroketheairiscompressed.A.byanfuelvalve B.throughaninletvalveC.withanexhaustvalve D.fromanoutletvalve注：在吸氣沖程中，空氣通過進氣閥被吸入到氣缸。壓縮沖程時，空氣被壓縮，故選B。Inthetwo-strokeengine,eachrevolutionof makesonepowerorworkingstroke.A.theturninggearB.theturbochargerC.thecrankshaftD.thecompressor注：二沖程柴油機中，曲軸每轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)，就產(chǎn)生一個作功沖程，故選C。Inthetwo-strokeengine，inefficientscavengingandotherlossesreduce __toabout1.8.A.theoutput B.theoilflowC.thediameter D.thepoweradvantage注：對于二沖程柴油機，由于掃氣損失和其它的損失，功率優(yōu)勢下降到是四沖程機的1.8倍，故選D。Intoday'spractice，withcylindersofequaldiameterofboreandequalrevolutions，thetwo-

cycleenginedeliversapowerabout80percent__thanthatofthefour-strokeone.A.greater B.smaller C.better D.less注：同樣的缸徑，同樣的轉(zhuǎn)速，二沖程機發(fā)出的功率比四沖程機大80%，故選A。Onafour-strokedieselengine，whenthepistonisdrivendownwardsbytheexpandinggas，

itdeliverspowertothecrankshaftthroughthe __.A.thrustblock B.soundingrod C.connectingrodD.pushrod注：四沖程柴油機中，當活塞被膨脹的氣體迫使向下時，通過連桿將功率傳遞給曲軸，故選CSincetheburningorcombustiontakesplacewithintheengineitself,theengineisknownas__A.afire-tubeboilerB.aninternalcombustionengineC.anexternalcombustionengineD.aninternalcombustiongenerator注：由于發(fā)動機的燃燒發(fā)生在發(fā)動機本身之內(nèi)，因此這種發(fā)動機被稱作內(nèi)燃機，故選B。0090.The engineisusedforalternatorsandsometimesformainpropulsionwithagearboxtoprovideapropellerofbetween90to120rpm..A.four-stroke B.two-stroke C.slowspeed D.reversible注：四沖程機一般用作交流發(fā)電機的原動機。有時也可用作主推進裝置，但此時，往往需要帶減速齒輪箱，一提供螺旋槳90到120rpm的速度，故選A。Theabbreviation"MIP"standsfor. __A.middleindicatingpressure B.meanindicatedpressureC.meanindicatedpitch D.middleindicatedpower注：術(shù)語"MIP"，是指氣缸的"平均指示壓力"，故選B。TheabbreviationBDCmeans .A.BostonDieselCompany B.basecirclediameterC.switchboardcase D.bottomdeadcenter注：術(shù)語"BDC"，是指氣缸的"下止點"，故選D。TheabbreviationTDCmeans .A.topdeadcenter B.temperaturedifferencecenterC.timedelaydock D.topdieselcompany注：術(shù)語"TDC"，是指氣缸的"上止點"，故選A。Thecompressedairisadmittedtoeachcylinderthroughacamoperatedbystartingair

valvewhenthepistonhasjustpassedits __.A.BDC B.TDC C.BBDC D.ATDC注：當活塞剛剛經(jīng)過上止點時，壓縮空氣通過凸輪驅(qū)動的起動空氣閥進人到氣缸，故選B。Theconclusionthatmechanicalefficiencyisalways 100percentiscorrect.A.smallthan B.morethan C.littlethan D.lessthan注：機械效率總是小于100%，故選D。Thecylindercontainsagreatweightofairandiscapableofburningagreatquantityoffuel

at .A.thebeginningofthecompressionstrokeB.thebeginningofthesuctionstroke

C.theendoftheworkingstroke D.theendoftheexhauststroke注：在壓縮行程初，氣缸內(nèi)將容納了大量能燃燒大量燃油的空氣。選項中，較合理的答案只能是A,故選A。Thedieselengineisatypeof .A.turbineengine B.gasturbineC.steamengine D.internalcombustion注：柴油機是一種內(nèi)燃機，故選D。Thedieselengineisatypeofinternalcombustionenginewhichignitesthefuelbyinjecting

itintohot，highpressureairina__ .A.airbottle B.aircompressorC.crankcase D.combustionchamber注：柴油機是一種內(nèi)燃機，燃油噴射進入燃燒室內(nèi)高溫高壓的空氣，并被引燃，故選D。ThedistancefromTDCtoBDCofthedieselengineiscalled __.A.gap B.clearance C.radius D.stroke注：發(fā)動機上下止點之間的距離即是活塞的沖程，故選D。Theenergyforpushingthispistonupcanbesuppliedfrom __，sothatthepistoncankeepmovingupanddown.A.thesamepiston B.thepistonnearbyC.theotherpistonsD.thegeneratoronboard注：推動活塞向上的能量可由其它活塞來提供，這樣活塞能保持上下運動，故選C。ThefigurethatthevolumeofairatBDCisdividedbythevolumeofairatTDCistermedas__A.ignitionratio B.powerratioC.compressionratio D.injectionratio注：下止點時空氣的體積除以上止點時的空氣體積，即為"壓縮比"。故選C。Thefourstrokesarecalledsuction,compression,expansionandexhaust,butonly__ strokeprovidesthepowertodrivetheship.A.suction B.compression C.expansion D.exhaust注：四沖程中，只有膨脹沖程能發(fā)出功率，故選CThefour-strokeengineisusedfor_____andsometimesformainpropulsionwithagearboxtoprovideapropellerspeedofbetween90to120rev/min.A.alternator B.turbo-chargerC.remotecontrollerD.windlass注：四沖程機一般用作交流發(fā)電機的原動機，故選A。Thefreshaircominginthroughtheinnerairports,iscompressedby toahigherpressure.A.thecylinderhead B.thecross-headG.themovingpiston D.thestationarypiston注：通過內(nèi)部的氣口，新鮮空氣進人到氣缸，然后被運動的活塞壓縮到很高的壓力，故選C.Theindicatedpowerofanenginecanbeobtainedbytakingthe____.A.precautions B.rpm C.indicatorcardsD.BandC注：發(fā)動機的指示功率是通過測取示功圖和發(fā)動機每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)（rpm)獲得的，故選D。Themainfactordeterminingtheoutputofeachcylinderisthecylinder .__A.density B.bore C.weight D.material注：決定每個氣缸輸出功率的主要因素是缸徑，故選B。Themainfactorwhichdeterminestheoutputofeachcylinderis__ .A.thecylinderweight B.thecylinderboreC.thecylinderlength D.thecylindercover注：決定每個氣缸輸出功率的主要因素是缸徑，（見上題）故選BcThemajorityofmediumspeedandhighspeedmarinedieselenginesformainorauxiliarydriveoperateonthe_____cycle.A.two-stroke B.four-stoke C.long-stroke D.short-stroke注：絕大多數(shù)船用主動力或輔助動力的中、高速柴油機是以四沖程循環(huán)工作的，故選B。Themarinedieselengineisatypeofdieselengineusedonships.The__ofitsopera-

tionisnotverydifficulttounderstand.A.principle B.principal C,cause D.case注：船用柴油機是一種用在船上的柴油機，其工作原理不難理解。principle原理；principal主要的，故選A。Themechanicalefficiencyofanengine becauselossesoccurintheformoffriction.A.isalwayslessthan100% B.isalwaysmorethan100%A.oilfromthemainenginesump B.anindependentlubeoilsystemC.thestembearingheadtank D.thestembearingsumptank注：在內(nèi)燃機船上，減速齒輪箱的滑油系統(tǒng)與主機的滑油系統(tǒng)是相互獨立的，以免發(fā)動機產(chǎn)生的污染物損害減速齒輪，故選B。Theperiodofvalveoverlapiswhen .A.theinletvalveisopen B.theexhaustvalveisopenC.bothvalvesareclose D.bothvalvesareopen注：氣閥重疊期是指進氣閩和排氣閥都開啟期間，故選D。Thepistonforcesaretransmittedovertheentirelengthofthecross-headpinthento__ viathelowerhaftsinglebearingshell.A.thepistonrodB.thecrankarmC.theflywheelD.theconnectingrod注：活塞的作用力傳遞到十字頭銷的整個長度方向，然后經(jīng)過下軸瓦傳遞到連桿，故選D。Hiepistonmovesupanddown,thuscausingtherotationalmovementofthe__ ，A.crankshaft B.connectingrodC.cross-head D.mainbeating注：活塞上下運動，引起曲軸作回轉(zhuǎn)運動，故選A。Thepistonmovingupanddownkeepsthecrankshaft__ .A.torevolve B.revolved C.revolving D.toberevolved注：活塞的上下運動保持曲軸回轉(zhuǎn)。注意"keep"后的賓語補足語，必須采用動名詞的形式，故選c。Theportsaredrilledinthelinersatanangleofapprox.20°theresultbeingthat__ isgivenarotarymovement.A.thescavengingairB.theexhaustgasesC.themixedairD.thesprayoil注：缸套上的掃氣口成大約20°角度，其結(jié)果是使掃氣空氣產(chǎn)生回轉(zhuǎn)運動，故選A。Thescavengingairportsarelocatedat__ thattheyarejustexposedbytheupperedgeofthepistonwhenthepistonisinthebottomdeadcenterposition.A,soaheight B.suchaheightC.sohigh D.suchhigh注：掃氣口應(yīng)位于這樣一個高度，即當活塞處于下止點時，掃氣口正好被活塞的上邊緣打開，故選B。Theslowspeedmainpropulsiondieseloperatesontwo-strokecycle.Atthislowspeedthe

enginerequiresnoreductiongearboxbetweenitand .__A.thru