人教版九年英語Unit6 When was it invented Section B知識點歸納和練

一．詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。salt(n.)鹽f(adj.)salty咸的custom(m.)風(fēng)俗—(n.)customer顧客;客戶profession(n.)專業(yè);職業(yè)^(adj.)professional專業(yè)的;職業(yè)的hero(n.)英雄f(pl.)heroesCanada加拿大f(adj.)Canadian加拿大人的二。必背詞組。bymistake錯誤地;無意中thinenough足夠薄3.intheend最后put...on...把……放到……上forfun為了消遣inhistory在歷史上o把……分開onthesameteam在同一隊worktogether協(xié)作atthesametime同時stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事dreamof(doing)sth.夢想(做)某事seesb.doingsth.看見某人正在做某事notonly...butalso...不但………而且thenumberof...的數(shù)量moreandmore越來越多17.1ookupto飲佩;仰慕encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事comeupwith想出someoneelse'sidea其他人的想法achieveone'sdream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想saltyenough夠成Itisbelievedthat...人們相信teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事5.thepopularityof...的普及三．必背句型。Potatochipswereinventedbymistake.薯片是無意中被發(fā)明的。Itisplayedbymorethan100millionpeopleinover200countries.在200多個國家中，有一億多人打籃球Hewasaskedtothinkofagamethatcouldbeplayedinthewinter他被要求想一個能在冬天玩的游戲。Today,thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenaroundtheworld.如今，籃球在世界各地越來越普及Manyyoungpeoplelookuptothesebasketballheroes.許多年輕人仰慕這些籃球英雄。Thesestarsencourageyoungpeopletoworkhardtoachievetheirdreams.這些明星鼓勵年輕人努力學(xué)習(xí)以實現(xiàn)他們的夢想。DrNaismithdividedthemeninhisclassintotwoteamsandtaughtthemtoplayhisnewgame.奈史密斯博士把他班上的人分成兩組，教他們玩他的新游戲。Theyneedtostopthecompetingteamfromgettingtheballintotheirownbasket.他們需要阻止競爭團隊把球投到他們自己的籃筐里。Basketballhasnotonlybecomeapopularsporttoplay,butithasalsobecomeapopularsporttowatch.籃球不僅已經(jīng)成為一項人們喜歡玩的運動，它也已經(jīng)成為一項人們喜歡觀看的運動。四．詞匯用法。1.pleasev取悅fpleasuren愉快—pleasedadj.(人)高興的—pleasantadj.(物)令人愉快的bepleasedtodosth愉快做某事bepleasedwithsth對….滿意It'smypleasure.Withpleasure.please(vt)①使高興、滿意、愉快”②“請”多用在動詞前或句末(用逗號隔開)。He'sveryhardtoplease.他很難被取悅。Sitdown,please.請坐。pleased(adj)感到高興(滿意)常與be連用，后接介詞at/with/by，動詞不定式或that+從句。Hedoesn'tmind.Infact,heisevenpleasedwithit.⑶pleasant(adj)“使人感到愉快(滿意)的”，一般用作定語；如主語指物，也可用作表語。如:Wishyouapleasantstayhere!希望你在這里過得愉快。⑷pleasure(n)①表示“高興，快樂，娛樂，時，為不可數(shù)名詞；②表示“樂趣，高興的事”時，為可數(shù)名詞。It'smypleasuretomeetyou.認識你是我的榮幸。Ihadthepleasureofmeetingyourparentsyesterday.我昨天有幸遇見了你的父母?！胮leasant,pleased或pleasure填空。.Ihadatime..Hewillbetohelpyou.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z.Readinggivesmegreat..Itgivesmetoseeyoulookinghappy..Ithinkitisimpossibletomakeeveryone.pleaseB.pleasedC.pleasantD.pleasure.他對這輛車很滿意。.—Thankyouforsupportingthevolunteerproject.—!Manyhandsmakelightwork.A.MypleasureB.AllrightC.NevermindD.That'sright—Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?I'mgoingtocookdinner.—.I'lldoitatonce,Mom.A.I'mafraidnotB.You'rekiddingC.It'sashameD.Mypleasure—Whatdoesyourfatherthinkofyourschoolreportthisterm?—ThesmileonhisfaceshowsthatheiswhatIhavedoneinmystudy.A.surprisedatB.afraidofC.angrywithD.pleasedwithMr.Greenisveryhappybecauseheissatisfiedwithhisstudents'workA.ismovedbyB.isgoodforC.isfondofD.ispleasedwith--It'smypleasuretohelpyou.---.A.I'mOKB.I'mallrightC.I'msorryD.I'mglad.usev用，使用fusefuladj.有用的beusedfordoing=beusedtodosth被用來做某事usedtodosth過去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事useup=ranoutof用完，用盡beusedby+動作執(zhí)行者被…..使用beusedas+名詞被用作....⑺beusefulto對有用.Tableswereuseddeskswhenwewereyoung.A.byB.asC.to.在中國英語作為外語來使用。.毛衣是用來保暖的。4.sucha/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)=so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞somany/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù);somuch/little+不可數(shù)名詞都可和“that”連用，意思一樣“如此…以至于”Sothat+句子以便，以致于表目的▲用such或so填空。Theymademuchnoisethatourteachergotveryangry．Haveyouseenaninterestingfilm？____alittleboycanonlyeatlittlerice．(4)Ourteacherteachesus_wellthatweareallthankfultohim.ItookataxithatIcouldcatchthetrain.Helefthurriedlythatheforgottolockthedoor.5.Itissaidthat...=peoplesaythat據(jù)說;有人說Itisbelievedthat...人們認為Itisknownthat...眾所周知...Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道Itissupposedthat...據(jù)估計peoplecanlivetobe120yearsold.(據(jù)說)remainv.保持不變；剩余作連系動詞，后跟名詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞等做表語。指保持某種狀態(tài)。e.g.Peterbecomeamanager,butMikeremainedaworker.作不及物動詞，意為“剩余”。e.g.Onlyafewleavesremainedonthetree.remindof提醒，使記起remindsb.ofsth使某人記起某事remindsb.todosth提醒某人去做某事remindsb.+that從句Don'tworry,I'llremindyouto(get)upearly.—Thesong“Wheredidthetimego?”theolddaysandtheloveofmyfamily.—Sure.It'smyfavoritesong.A.helpsmeoutB.cheersmeupC.regardsmeasD.remindsmeofThisphotoremindedtheoldman___thedayswhenhewasyoung.A.withB.forC.byD.ofabove/over/on辨析相同點都表示“在.之上”不同點above只表示在上方或位置高出，與below“在的下面"相對。over指在正上方，與under相對on“在..的上面”，表面相互接觸?！究键c訓(xùn)練】.Thereisabridgetheriver.A.onB.aboveC.withD.over.Againandagainthedoctorthecryingbabygirl,buthecouldn'tfindoutwhatwaswrongwithher.A.lookedoverB.lookedafterC.lookedforD.lookedout.Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswim___thelake.A.acrossB.belowC.overD.throughmistakefmistookfmistakenv犯錯誤(1)makemistakes犯錯makemistakesin.在某方面放錯mistake.for.把.誤認為.bymistake錯誤地【記】YesterdayI(放錯誤)，IMr.WangMr.Zhan(g把..誤認為)，andsaidhellotoMr.Wang(錯誤地).not.until.直到.才.(謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞)【注】強調(diào)動作直到until后的時間才發(fā)生。Not通常與首句中的be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連用。否定意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。【拓展Juntil直到…時(謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞)表示"做某事直至某時".昨天晚上她直到六點才到達Iuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜時醒了【辨析】happen/takeplace⑴happen“發(fā)生”沒有被動語態(tài)，主語是物，強調(diào)某事發(fā)生的偶然性。sth.happentosb.某事發(fā)生在某人身上Whathappenedtoyou?=Whatwaswrongwithhim?▲sb.happentodosth.某人碰巧做某事Ithappenedthat.碰巧(2)takeplace發(fā)生，指事情有計劃有安排地發(fā)生taketheplaceof取代..位置Thesportsmeetinginourschoollastweek.Whattothefarmer?記：Thestoryinafarawaysmallvillage.Whattothefarmer?這個故事發(fā)生在遙遠的小山村，這個農(nóng)民身上發(fā)生了什么事？million百萬millionsof成百萬的當hundred,thousand,million前面有具體的數(shù)字時，用單數(shù)形式(2)當后與of連用時用復(fù)數(shù)形式，數(shù)百/數(shù)千/數(shù)百萬的意思，前面不能加數(shù)詞【記】(三百萬)workershaveplanted(上百萬)treesatalowprice以低廉的價格cutone'sprice降價詢問價格的句型是“Whatisthepriceof+名詞？=Howmuchis/are+名詞？”。如：這輛自行車多少錢？？=?【拓展】pricen價格，用形容詞low或high來修飾價格，通常與介詞at連用。()Thepriceofthepenisnotforhim.Heispoor.A.cheapB.expensiveC.highD.low13..endn/v結(jié)尾一endingn結(jié)尾(1)intheend=atlast=finally最后(后不接of短語)attheendof...在...盡頭(反)atthebeginningof在…開始(后接時間或地點名詞)endupdoingsth終止做某事endupwithsth以.而結(jié)束最終，他結(jié)束了彈琴。stopsb.fromdoingsth=keepsbfromdoingsth=preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事stopdoingsth停止做某事Pleasestopspeaking.請停止講話stoptodosth停下來去做另外一件事Pleasestoptotalk.請停下來講話can'tstopdoingsth忍不住做..achievev獲得；達到；實現(xiàn)fachievementn完成；成績achieveone'sdream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想achieve主語一般為“人”cometrue主語一般是“夢想；理想”“世紀”的表達法⑴用“定冠詞+序數(shù)詞+century”表示在十七世紀、寫作:inthe17thcentury讀作：intheseventeenthcenturyeg在20世紀⑵用“定冠詞+百位進數(shù)+s”表示在十七世紀寫作：inthe1600s,讀作：inthesixteenhundreds【注意】：以數(shù)字表達年代的標準，是在數(shù)字后直接加s在20世紀20年代【考點訓(xùn)練】TheEiffelTower,aculturaliconofFrance,wascompletedattheendofthe(nineteen)century.“BeltandRoad(一帶一路)"arethetwowingsofdevelopingAsiainthe(twenty-one)century.oneof+名詞/代詞復(fù)數(shù)“之一”一Ihearyouhavetogetupearlyeverymorning.一Right.It'soneoftheofmyfamily.A.plansB.jobsC.programsD.rules【拓展】“oneof+the+adj.最高級+n復(fù)數(shù)”，做主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。OneofthemostpopularcolorsisredinChina.Agoodbookmaybeoneofyourbest(friend).QujingisoneofcitiesinYunnan,andhasattractedmanypeoplelivingandworkinghere.A.thelargestB.thelargeC.largerD.largestlessthan少于【拓展】notlessthan+基數(shù)詞=atleast表示“不下于；至少；不止”nolessthan+基數(shù)詞表示“達之多(言其多)”e.g.Therearenotlessthan40studentsinthisclass.這個班級至少有40個學(xué)生。－ManyboystudentsthinkmathisEnglish.－Iagree.I'mweakinEnglish.A.muchdifficultthanB.sodifficultasC.lessdifficultthanD.moredifficultthan五．課文理解。Potatochipswereinventedbymistake.薯片是無意間被發(fā)明的?！径陶Z】bymistake錯誤地，無意地inmistakefor錯看成，誤認為是makemistakes/amistake犯錯誤makenomistake別弄錯【練習(xí)】IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,don'tbeafraidof(犯錯誤).【練習(xí)】一Sorry,Jane.Itookyourschoolbag.一Itdoesn'tmatter.A.bymistakeB.bymistakesC.byaccidentD.byaccidentsThecustomerwashappyintheend.最后那位顧客很滿意?！窘馕觥勘嫖觥癷ntheend”“finally”和“atlast”的用法：(l)intheend放在句首或句末，表示經(jīng)過許多變化、困難或捉摸不定的情況之后，某事才發(fā)生，有時可與“finally”互相換用，其反義詞是“inthebeginning”?！癷ntheend"不能置于動詞前。如：Wefoundthatsmallvillageintheend.⑵finally它可以放在句首，也可放在動詞前。它既可表示時間上的先后順序，也可表示經(jīng)過許多周折、困難之后某事才發(fā)生。如：Finallywefinishedthework.=Wefinallyfinishedthework.⑶atlast在語義上指經(jīng)過曲折、等待、耽擱后終于得到所期待的結(jié)果，常常帶有較濃厚的感情色彩，語氣比較強烈。如：Atlast,hepassedtheexam.【練習(xí)】Davidscoredawonderfulgoalthefootballmatchandtheteamwonthematch.A.intheendof;intheendB.intheend;attheendofC.attheendof;intheendD.attheendof;attheendBasketballwasinventedbyaCanadiandoctornamedJamesNaismith,whowasbornin1861.籃球是由一個名叫詹姆斯.奈史密斯的加拿大醫(yī)生發(fā)明的，他出生于1861年。【解析】本句是一個復(fù)合句?！皐howasbornin1861”是一個非限制性定語從句，對“aCanadiandoctor"起補充說明作用。Canada(n)加拿大Canadian(n&adj)加拿大人；加拿大的Whenhewasacollegeteacher,hewasaskedtothinkofagamethatcouldbeplayedinthewinter.當他當大學(xué)老師的時候，他被要求想出一項能在冬天進行的運動項目。【解析】本句是主從復(fù)合句，“when"引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句，“that"引導(dǎo)的是定語從句?！就卣埂壳閼B(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞【短語】beasked(not)todosth被要求(不要)做某事【練習(xí)】Inthisschool,thestudentsareaskedmobilephone.A.nottouseB.notusingC.notuseD.tonotuseWheredidyougolastnight?I___togotoLiLei'sbirthdayparty.

A.askedB.amaskedC.havebeenaskedD.wasaskedyousmileatothers,theywillsmileback.A.BeforeB.WhenC.UntilD.Thoughthedinnerwasallover,everyonehelpedwashthedishes.A.HowB.When(1).Teenagersshouldfromayoungage.A.educateA.HowB.When(1).Teenagersshouldfromayoungage.A.educateC.haveeducatedtotakecareofthemselvesbeeducatingD.beeducated.InordertomakeDandongmorebeautiful,moretreesandflowerseveryyear.A.willplantB.shouldplantC.shouldbeplanted.—Idon'tthinksixteen-year-oldstodrive.—Iagree.Theyaren'tseriousenoughatthatage.A.canallowB.needbeallowedC.shouldallowD.shouldbeallowed5．Dr.Naismithcreatedagametobeplayedinsideonahardfloor.奈史密斯醫(yī)生發(fā)明了一種在硬地板上進行的室內(nèi)運動。C.shouldallowD.shouldbeallowed【解析】tobeplayed是動詞不定式“toplay”的被動形式,在句中作后置定語，修飾名詞“agame”。不定式的被動形式作定語表示將來和被動。【例句】Areyougoingtothepartytobeheldtomorrow?你將去明天舉辦的聚會嗎？6．Dr.Nasmithdividedthemeninhisclassintotwoteamsandtaughtthemtoplayhisnewgame?奈史密斯醫(yī)生把他班上的男生分成兩個隊，并教他們進行他新發(fā)明的運動。【解析】divide(vt)分；分開；劃開；分割(重指將整體分成若干部分)【短語】o...separate...ftom把分成teachsbtodosth=teachsbsth教某人做某事【例句】Thestudentsinourclassaredividedintofourgroups.TheworldisdividedintosevencontinentsandChinaliesinAsia.Mymotherdividedthecakeintothreepieces.Mydadtaughtmetorideabikeyesterday.MissZhangwillteachusEnglishthisterm.7．Atthesametime,theyneedtostopthecompetingteamfromgettingtheballintotheirownbasket.同時，他們需要阻止對方將球投入自己對的籃筐?！窘馕觥縜tthesametime同時(在句中作狀語)【短語】stopsbfromdoing=preventsbfromdoing=keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事【例句】Theywentthereindifferentways,butarrivedatthesametime.Mymotherkeptmefromattendingtheparty.【練習(xí)】Iwilltrymybesttostopmysonfromthesamemistake.A.makeB.madeC.makesD.makingTheenvironmentisbecomingworseandworse.Ithinkweshoulddosomethingtopeoplecuttingthetreesinordertoprotecttheearth.A.stop;fromB.help;outstay;awayfromD.stop;for8．Today,thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenaroundtheworld,withmanyyoungpeopledreamingofbecomingfamousplayers.如今，由于許多年輕人夢想成為知名運動員，籃球運動在世界范圍內(nèi)得到了普及。【短語】dreamof夢想，希望(后接名詞作賓語)dreamabout夢想，希望，夢見【例句】Idreamtaboutyoulastnight.Shedreamtofbecomingamoviestar.9．Basketballhasnotonlybecomeapopularsporttoplay,butithasalsobecomeapopularsporttowatch.不僅打籃球很受歡迎，而且看籃球比賽也很受歡迎?！窘馕觥縩otonly.butalso不但..而且(連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞要和與其最近的主語(即“butalso”后的主語)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，即遵循“就近原則”?！纠洹縉otonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikesthisfilm.=Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentslikethisteam.【練習(xí)】Atschool,wearetaughtknowledgehowtobehavewell.A.neither;norB.either;orC.notonly;butalsoD.not;butTonyFranklikestheCD.Theythinkthemusicistoonoisy.A.Neither;norB.Either;orC.Both;andD.Notonly;butalso10．Thenumberofforeignplayers,includingChineseplayers,intheNBAhasincreased.NBA里包括中國球員在內(nèi)的外國球員的數(shù)量增加了?！窘馕觥勘嫖觥皌henumberof”和“anumberof”的用法：thenumberof.的數(shù)目，介詞“of”同其后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，修飾“thenumbr”，當它作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。⑵anumberof一些，若干。相當于“some”，后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！纠洹縏hereareanumberofstudentsonthesquare,andthenumberofthemis500.【練習(xí)】Thenumberofthevolunteers100now.Andasmallnumberofthemalreadygonetotheworkplace.A.is;haveB.are;haveC.is;areD.is;hasHowmanywomendoctorsarethereinyourhospital?themovertwenty.A.Anumberof;areB.Thenumberof;areC.Thenumberof;isD.Anumberof;is11．Manyyoungpeoplelookuptothesebasketballheroesandwanttobecomelikethem.許多年輕人都仰慕這些籃球運動偶像，并想成為像他們一樣的人?！窘馕觥縧ookupto=admire欽佩；仰慕(“to”為介詞，后跟名詞或代詞）【短語】lookaround四下張望lookahead向前看lookback回頭看；回顧lookright/left向右/左lookwell看起來健康lookill看上去有病lookdownon/upon看不起；輕視lookover檢查looklike看起來像lookout向外望；當心lookup向上看；查詢lookdown往下看lookupanddown上下打量lookinto調(diào)查lookfor尋找lookafter照看；照顧lookforwardto期待；期盼lookthrough瀏覽【練習(xí)】Today,manyyoungpeoplelookuptothosefamousbasketballplayers.Yes.Theyareheroesintheeyesofyoungpeople.A.valueB.trustC.createD.admireMyisMaYun.Whataboutyours?A.dreamB.fanC.hobbyD.heroIfoundmysistermythingsandtookmynewmagazines.WhatshouldIdo?Iguessyoushouldtellherit'snotright.A.lookingthroughB.lookingupC.lookingforD.lookingdownHealthisimportantforusteenagers,soweshouldeatmorevegetablessuchastokeephealthy.A.tomatoesandpotatoesB.tomatosandpotatosC.tomatosandpotatoesD.tomatoesandpotatos12．Thesestarsencourageyoungpeopletoworkhardtoachievetheirdreams.這些球星鼓勵年輕人努力實現(xiàn)他們的夢想。【短語】encouragesbtodosth鼓勵某人做某事achieveone'sdream=relizeone'sdream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想【例句】Mymumoftenencouragesmetofindapart-timejob.Inordertoachievehisdream,Erickeepstrainingforfivehourseveryday.【練習(xí)】TheteacherencouragesherstudentsEnglishasmuchaspossible.A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.spoke13．Thisisbecausesometimesafewpeoplemayinventthingswhicharenearlythesame.這是因為有時一些人可能發(fā)明出幾乎一樣的東西?！窘馕觥勘嫖觥皀early”和“almost”的用法：nearly?？膳c“almost"換用，但“nearly"前可用“very,pretty,not”等詞修飾，而“almost”之前不能用這些詞。“almost"可用于“any"以及“no,none,nobody,nothing,never”等否定詞之前，但“nearly”一般不這樣用?！纠洹縏hecarisprettynearlynew.Almostnoonecametotheparty.【練習(xí)】Accordingtoarecentsurvey,threefifthsofworkingmothersinChinadon'twanttohaveasecondchild.A.mostlyB.especiallyC.partlyD.nearly14．It'shardtotellwhocameupwiththeideafirst.很難判斷是誰先想出這個創(chuàng)意的?！径陶Z】comeupwith=thinkof想出；提出【例句】Shecameupwithanewwaytosolvetheproblemaswell.【練習(xí)】Itissurprisingthatyouhavethatstrangeideawhichcangreatlyencouragethestudents.A.comeupwithB.gotalongwithC.caughtupwithD.thoughtaboutIt'stoonoisyoutside.Ican'tfallasleep.NeithercanI.Wehavetonewwaystosolvetheproblem.A.comeupwithB.endupwith以……結(jié)束C.makeupwith與……和解D.catchupwith趕上15．Thatiswhybooksorwebsitesusuallymentionmorethanoneinventorwhengivinginformationaboutinventions.那就是書或網(wǎng)站在給出關(guān)于發(fā)明的信息時，通常會提到多個發(fā)明者的原因?！窘馕觥縏hatiswhy...那就是的原因（“why”后跟一種結(jié)果，引導(dǎo)表語從句）Thatisbecause+從句表示“那是因為..”【例句】Thatisbecausewefeelpain.Thatiswhythestudentwaslate.【練習(xí)】Thisiswhy（我喜歡）.Youhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.That'syoureyeshurt.A.whyB.howC.whatD.when16．Whenhewasatcollege,histeacheraskedtheclasstothinkofagamethatcanbeplayedinthewinter.當他在上大學(xué)的時候，老師問同學(xué)們?nèi)ニ伎荚诙炷芡婺姆N游戲。六．語法聚焦。被動語態(tài)如何變什么情況下用被動語態(tài)？（1）當我們不知道或沒有必要說出動作的發(fā)生者是誰時，通常用被動語態(tài)。這種情況下，句子中不帶由by引起的短語。如：Thebookiswrittenforchildren.這書是為孩子寫的。（2）當動作的承受者是談話的中心時通常用被動語態(tài)這時可以帶by短語。如：ThispenwasgiventomebyTom.這支筆是湯姆給我的。（3）無必要或不愿說出動作的發(fā)出者。這種情況通常是出于禮貌方面的考慮。如：Smokingisnotallowedhere.這兒禁止吸煙。怎樣變主動語態(tài)為被動語態(tài)。把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，可分作三步進行:第一步:找出主動句的賓語，把它作為被動句的主語。第二步:將謂語動詞的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)（助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞）。變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，時態(tài)不要變化。第三步:將原主動語態(tài)的主語（若是人稱代詞，須變?yōu)橘e格）放在介詞by后邊組成by短語，放到句子的后邊。如果我們沒有必要說出動作的發(fā)出者，by短語則可以不要。例如:Heoftenhelpshisbrother,（主動語態(tài)）Hisbrotherisoftenhelpedbyhim.（被動語態(tài)）▲Sheusedtheknifetocutthefruitamomentago（,改為被動語態(tài)）Theknifetocutthefruitbyheramomentago.▲Isentalettertoyoulastmonth.（改為被動語態(tài)）Alettertoyoulastmonth.▲Sheusedtheknifetocutthefruitamomentago（.改為被動語態(tài)）Theknifetocutthefruitbyheramomentago.對比一般過去時和一般將來時的被動語態(tài)一、構(gòu)成對比。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were+動詞的過去分詞如：Theteachingbuildingwasbuiltsixyearsago.這座教學(xué)樓建于六年前。一般將來時的被動語態(tài):“willbe+動詞的過去分詞”或“am/is/aregoingtobe+動詞的過去分詞"如：Thismuseumwill/isgoingtobefinishednextmonth.這座博物館將于下個月竣工。二、否定形式和疑問形式對比1.否定形式：★一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were+not+動詞的過去分詞。如：Thewindowwasnotbrokenbyhim.窗玻璃不是他打碎的。★一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：“willnotbe+動詞的過去分詞"或“am/is/arenotgoingtobe+動詞的過去分詞”如：Thenewfilmwillnot/isn'tgoingtobeshowninourcitynextweek.那部新電影下周不在我們城市放映。2.疑問形式：★一般過去時的被動語態(tài):通常把was/were置于主語前。如：Werethetextbookswrittenin2000?這些課本是2000年寫的嗎？Wherewerethosebusesmade?那些公共汽車是哪里制造的？★一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：將will,（begoingto中的）am/is/are置于主語之前。如：Whenwilltheroadbeopenedtotraffic?這條路什么時候通車？Arewegoingtobeaskedtoattendthemeeting？我們會被邀請參加會議嗎？I.請選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。Manytreesandflowersinourschoollastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.haveplantedD.wereplantedIt'ssaidthat215morenewschoolsinthiscityby2020.A.arebuildingB.werebuiltC.havebuiltD.willbebuiltOh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit?A.builtB.hasbeenbuiltC.hasbuiltD.wasbuiltYouneedn'tcleanthereadingroomnow,becauseitjustnow.A.cleanedB.wascleaningC.iscleanedD.wascleaned—Whoisthelittleboyinthepicture?—It'sme.Thepicture10yearsago.A.tookB.istakenC.hastakenD.wastaken—DidJackcometoourpartyyesterday?—No,he.A.wasn'tinvitedB.didn'tinviteC.isn'tinvitedD.hasn'tinvitedThedoctorlookedoverPetercarefullyafterhetothehospital.A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken一WouldyoupleasetellMissLithatsheasavolunteerforthe2008OlympicGames?—Ofcourse.Iwilltellhertomorrow.A.chooseB.choseC.haschosenD.ischosenWenottoplaycomputergames.A.aretoldB.havetoldC.toldD.tell—Couldyoutellmewhomtheradioby?一Sorry.Ihavenoidea.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented-Yourhometownhaschangedalot.—Yes.Takealookatthesetallbuildings.Theylastyear.A.buildB.builtC.wasbuiltD.werebuilt一DidyougotoKangKang'sbirthday?一No,IA.wasn'tinvitedB.didn'tinviteC.amnotinvitedAnEnglishspeechtothechildrentomorrow.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenMissLiasavolunteerforthe2008OlympicGames.A.chooseB.choseC.haschosenD.ischosenWenottoplaycomputergames.A.aretoldB.havetoldC.toldD.tell一Couldyoutellmewhomtheradioby?一Sorry.Ihavenoidea.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented-Yourhometownhaschangedalot.一Yes.Takealookatthesetallbuildings.Theylastyear.A.buildB.builtC.wasbuiltD.werebuilt一DidyougotoKangKang'sbirthday?—No,I.A.wasn'tinvitedB.didn'tinviteC.amnotinvitedAnEnglishspeechtothechildrentomorrow.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegiven一I'msorryI'vetakenyourdictionarybecausetheyhavethesamecolour.一Itdoesn'tmatter.A.atonceB.bymistakeC.ingeneralD.aswellShefoundherlostkeyswhenshecleanedherroomtwoweeksago.A.withmistakeB.inthiswayC.byaccidentD.withpleasure—HowwasyourclimbingMount.Huang?—Ididn'tbelieveIcould