考研英語閱讀技巧之十大題型(配合最經(jīng)典200例題)

肖克考研十大題型解題思路速成以及猜題技巧Part1.十大題型解題思路速成以及猜題技巧課程教學(xué)目標(biāo)精確剖析二十年閱讀真題的十大題型，包括主旨題，細(xì)節(jié)題，推理題，論點(diǎn)論據(jù)題，猜詞題，原因題，條件題等核心解題思路。精確剖析二十年閱讀真題的十大題型的題干特點(diǎn)，提問方式以及題干定位方法，尋找題干的方法。精確剖析二十年閱讀真題的十大題型的正確答案特征，包括正確答案的概括性，抽象性，主題性等特點(diǎn)。精確剖析二十年閱讀真題的十大題型的錯(cuò)誤答案特征，包括本末倒置，偷換概念，所答非所問，過于片面等大量分析二百多道例題的詞匯特征，難句特點(diǎn)以及中心詞展開模式，打造詞句篇三位一體的獨(dú)特閱讀方法和模式全面把握每個(gè)題型的潛在命題點(diǎn)和出題方向，并預(yù)測(cè)未來考試的題型分布和趨勢(shì)，選項(xiàng)難度，正確率，區(qū)分度。（7）通過分析題型講解段落以及文章中心開展的十大模式，樹立強(qiáng)大的主題把握能力，和對(duì)段落以及文章高屋建瓴駕馭能力（8）通過分析題型精確剖析段落的八大結(jié)構(gòu)，六大文脈，掌握閱讀提高效率和速度的方法，講解如何忽略無效信息八大方法（9）通過分析題型講解6000個(gè)考研高頻詞匯的用法以及搭配（10）通過分析題型提高正確率和解題效率至少五倍以上Part2肖克考研英語顛峰輔導(dǎo)全程安排肖克考研英語全程飛躍70分策劃課程8小時(shí)（系統(tǒng)分析考研英語六大階段復(fù)習(xí)方案，包括各大板塊學(xué)習(xí)方法，以及英語突破高分方法）肖克考研英語核心語法及長難句課程35小時(shí)(精確剖析800個(gè)歷史最經(jīng)典長難句以及80個(gè)語法規(guī)律，做到從此人生再也沒有長難句子)肖克考研英語十年閱讀真題精講課程70小時(shí)(洞穿閱讀真題出題規(guī)律,榨干閱讀真題文章精華,逐字逐句過文章的語言點(diǎn)，如核心詞匯和長難句)肖克考研英語閱讀十大題型以及解題技巧課程65小時(shí)（全面剖析十種考研題型的題干特點(diǎn)，定位方法，正確錯(cuò)誤答案特征，比如猜詞題，論點(diǎn)論據(jù)題，配合248道最經(jīng)典真題和模擬題，解開閱讀命題真相）肖克考研英語核心單詞巧記課程42小時(shí)（全面剖析4378個(gè)高頻詞匯的核心用法，記憶方法以及特殊意思，做到滿篇無生詞的愉悅感）肖克考研英語瘋狂口語班（全面剖析口語發(fā)音的訣竅，48個(gè)國際音標(biāo)以及35個(gè)發(fā)音技巧，可以脫口而出流利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的英文口語）肖克考研英語寫作強(qiáng)化課程21小時(shí)（全面剖析寫作閃光詞以及復(fù)雜句型創(chuàng)作原理以及寫作萬能模板，大小作文的精準(zhǔn)預(yù)測(cè)）肖克考研英語新題型以及完型強(qiáng)化課程21小時(shí)（全面剖析排序題，完型填句題解題思路以及選項(xiàng)規(guī)律，介紹新題型宏觀閱讀法，完型詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等成熟解題思路）肖克考研英語翻譯強(qiáng)化課程15小時(shí)（全面剖析38種翻譯技巧，包括增譯法，減譯法，正話反譯法，并系統(tǒng)地評(píng)價(jià)翻譯評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和十年真題）肖克四六級(jí)閱讀強(qiáng)化課程(洞穿四六級(jí)閱讀真題出題規(guī)律以及解題方法,還原四六級(jí)命題真相)肖克四六級(jí)萬能作文沖刺課程8小時(shí)（重點(diǎn)剖析八種四六級(jí)作文超級(jí)模板使用方法，比如利弊說明的文章，可以短時(shí)間速成作文）肖克考研閱讀110篇專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練課程32小時(shí)（全面剖析十種專業(yè)題材文章的閱讀方法，提高閱讀微技能，專業(yè)詞匯量，語感和長難句分析，大量做題獲取閱讀提高的方法）肖克考研英語萬能作文沖刺課程10小時(shí)（重點(diǎn)剖析六種大作文超級(jí)作文模板使用方法，比如批判危害的文章，可以短時(shí)間速成作文）肖克考研新概念三精講班15小時(shí)（全面剖析新概念三語言點(diǎn)，文章閃光句型，詞匯以及提高寫作和閱讀的基本功）Part3肖克老師聯(lián)系方式以及課后服務(wù)微博為新浪網(wǎng)的肖克老師QQ為1120994121，每晚十點(diǎn)以后手機(jī)號(hào)碼每晚十點(diǎn)以后上了肖克網(wǎng)課馬上給肖克老師發(fā)個(gè)短信息，把你的郵箱發(fā)到手機(jī)上，有超過上百種電子版學(xué)習(xí)資料贈(zèng)送，郵寄到你的郵箱。Part4必備的用書（當(dāng)當(dāng)網(wǎng)，當(dāng)?shù)貢昕梢再I）1.詞匯方面：詞匯寶典北航出版社真題方面：16年真題名師解析北航出版社閱讀方面：閱讀110篇北航出版社難句方面：長難句突破與速成北航出版社寫作方面：寫作超級(jí)寶典北航出版社Part5長難句課程教學(xué)目標(biāo)精確掌握六十多種各種句型結(jié)構(gòu)以及獨(dú)特的拆分方法精通難句的萬能技巧長難句的“三步走”。瘋狂練習(xí)歷年真題中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的三百多個(gè)經(jīng)典句子，洞穿精華句型。夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，講解句子的基本成分，從初級(jí)到高級(jí)各種語法現(xiàn)象，包括倒裝，省略，強(qiáng)調(diào)句等等。把難句“字面化逐字翻譯”提高到“意群性分析性翻譯”到“無意識(shí)的機(jī)械化理解”全面提升難句分析準(zhǔn)確性和效率，把握每個(gè)難句的潛在命題點(diǎn)和出題方向，講解正確答案特征（7）熟練閃光句型的寫作原理，為未來寫作的妙筆生輝和下筆有神做好準(zhǔn)備（8）通過分析長難句打通英文文化思維，樹立強(qiáng)大的西方式閱讀模式（9）通過分析長難句精講和擴(kuò)充一千個(gè)考研核心詞匯，為詞匯的飛躍做好儲(chǔ)備（10）通過分析長難句打好閱讀基礎(chǔ)，為將來的段落分析和文章宏觀的駕馭能力打好基礎(chǔ)Part6.閱讀十二年真題超級(jí)精講課程教學(xué)目標(biāo)精確剖析十二年閱讀真題的50篇真題，逐字逐句講解語言閃光點(diǎn)，包括每篇文章核心詞匯，超級(jí)句型，選項(xiàng)分析精通閱讀真題的萬能技巧文章分析的“三步走”。大量分析歷年真題中超過十五個(gè)單詞以上的六百多個(gè)經(jīng)典句子，洞穿難句精華句型和語法規(guī)則。大量分析歷年真題中超高頻詞匯（4500個(gè)）用法，包括詞匯特殊意思，經(jīng)典搭配，核心例句，聽真題背單詞很爽全面把握每個(gè)題型的潛在命題點(diǎn)和出題方向，講解每個(gè)題型，如主旨題，細(xì)節(jié)題的正確答案特征以及定位方法（6）通過分析文章打通英文文化思維，樹立強(qiáng)大的西方式閱讀模式，了解西方人寫作思維十大模式（7）通過分析文章講解段落以及文章中心開展的十大模式，樹立強(qiáng)大的主題把握能力，和對(duì)文章高屋建瓴駕馭能力（8）通過分析文章精確剖析文章的八大結(jié)構(gòu)，六大文脈，掌握閱讀提高效率和速度的方法，講解如何忽略無效信息八大方法（9）通過分析文章講解閃光句型，對(duì)閃光句型不斷模仿造句，提高寫作的基本功，也就是遣詞造句的能力（10）通過分析選項(xiàng)剖析正確答案十大特點(diǎn)，錯(cuò)誤答案十大特點(diǎn)，以及剩下兩個(gè)答案排除的方法的技巧，加倍提升正確率和解題效率(總論)選項(xiàng)規(guī)律的研究（1）正確答案的特征同義改寫的手段同義詞替換詞性的轉(zhuǎn)化正話反說，反話正說具體與抽象轉(zhuǎn)化從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的轉(zhuǎn)化主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)化虛擬和真實(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)化名詞性短語和名詞性從句的轉(zhuǎn)化動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)化（2）錯(cuò)誤答案的命題特點(diǎn)：1.張冠李戴2.過于絕對(duì)3.斷章取義推理過度偷換概念，小動(dòng)作字面意思，膚淺直白因果顛倒，邏輯混亂擴(kuò)大范圍無據(jù)比較10.時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤（3）選項(xiàng)技巧的練習(xí)1.Ibelievethatthisorganizationmaysucceedmarvelouslyatwhatitwantstodo,butwhatitwantstodomaynotbeallthatimportant.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheauthor?A.TheorganizationismarvelousinmakingagoodgoalB.Theorganizationwillsucceedgreatlyinwhatitisrequiredtodo.C.Althoughtheorganizationreachesitsgoals,thegoalsarenotbeoflittleimportance.D.WhattheorganizationwantsismarvelousE.thegoalsoftheorganizationarequestioned2.ThisbookcontainsatotallynewoutlookthatcontainsthewisdomofthepastwithscientificknowledgetosolvetheproblemofthepresentWhatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?A.ProblemsofthepastandpresentaresolvedinthisbookB,Inthebook,currentknowledgeandpastwisdomarecombinedtosolvecurrentproblemsC.OnlybyusingknowledgeofthepastandpresentcanwesolvetheproblemsD.Thedifferentbookcombinesthewisdomofthepastwithscientificknowledgetohandlepresentproblems.E.Noneoftoday’sproblemscanbesolvedwithoutscientificknowledge3.Whenthereisanabsenceofreliableinformationaboutdrugs,therisksinvolvedinusingthemaregreatlyincreased.Whatcanbeinferredfromthesentence?A.Thereisnoreliableinformationaboutdrugs.B.TheinformationofdrugsistoodifficulttobegraspedclearlyC.TherisksinvolvedinusingdrugshaveincreasedD.PeopleshouldtrytofindoutaboutdrugsbeforeusingthemE.Therearenorisksinvolvedinusingdrugsifwehavereliableinformationaboutthem4.Taxesbeingsohigh,thedescendantsofthewealthyclassofthenineteenthcenturyarebeingforcedtorentouttheirestatestopayingguestsInthenineteenthcentury,thewealthyclassrentedoutestatesB.ThedescendantsofthewealthyclassareunwillingtopaythetaxesGuestspayhightaxeswhentheyrentoldestatesSomefamiliesthatwereoncewealthyarehavingtroublepayingtheirtaxes.Hightaxeshavedestroyedthelivesofsomeoftheoldwealthyfamilies5.AccordingtothedefinitionofChinesetraditionalmedicine,acupunctureisknowntothetreatmentofdiseasenotthereliefofpainsbyinsertingveryfineneedlestothebodyatspecificpointscalledloci.A.acupuncturecanbeusedtotreatillnessandrelievepainsB.finelypointedneedlescalledlociareusedinacupuncture.C.inChinesetraditionalmedicine,acupunctureisknowntotreatdiseaseratherthanrelievingpainsD.thoseusingacupuncturetreatdiseasebyplacingneedlesintothebodyatspecificpointsE.onlythosewhopracticetraditionalChinesemedicineuseacupuncturePart1論點(diǎn)論據(jù)題(1)題型特點(diǎn):事實(shí)說話往往是最有效的論證方式之一，命題專家在設(shè)置題目時(shí)往往也會(huì)針對(duì)文中的事例設(shè)問，考查考生對(duì)局部結(jié)構(gòu)的理解?？忌鷤?cè)趹?yīng)用例證原則解題時(shí)還應(yīng)注意常用的例證方式有兩種：一是先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例說明；二是先列舉事例再做出結(jié)論?？忌鷳?yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)舉一反三，不要被各種原則的變化形式所迷惑。當(dāng)詢問論據(jù)的寫作目的時(shí),注意區(qū)分論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)。(2)題干特點(diǎn):sthorsbismentionedtoillustratebycitingtheexampleofsth,theauthormeansbyreferringtotheexampleofsth,theauthorindicatesthatwhenmentioningtheexampleofsth,theauthormeansTheauthormentionstheexampleofsthtodemonstrateTheexampleofsthismentionedtoshowWhatdoestheauthorillustratewithsth?Theexampleofsthisnotedtosuggest(3)在文章中出題的位置:原文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)表示例子的提示詞:forexample,forinstance,inthecaseof,suchas….原文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)專有名詞:如MrSmith,WTO原文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)引語的地方:如sboncesaid；sboncetoldastoryabout原文出現(xiàn)表示實(shí)驗(yàn)和調(diào)查提示詞：如experiment，survey,investigation,research等原文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)不定式todo引導(dǎo)的目的狀語原文經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)指示代詞:如this,that,it文章的開頭段和結(jié)尾段文章中出現(xiàn)起程轉(zhuǎn)合的地方:如but,however,yet,nevertheless(4)實(shí)例分析:例1Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.B.focusingonmonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadC.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.D.muchmoretalentedthanpreviouslyimagined例2HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritances,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreachage65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.Whenmentioning“theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet”,HudsonInstituteresearchersA.arecallingattentiontotheretirementplansandlargerinheritance.B.areshowingthehugebenefitsofattendingthestockmarket.C.areshowingthatolderpeoplecanberichenoughforretirement.D.arejustifyingtheineffectivenessoffederaltaxandbenefitpolicies.例3Privatetelephonenumbersaregenerallybelievedtobeallowedforsalebylaws.Butprivatecompaniesagreednottobuynumbersandsendrubbishyanddisgustinginstantmessagestothepublic.Buttobusinesses,youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Self-regulationdoesn'twork.Acountrymightintroduceaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?Andbankswillstillbestealingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transaction”information-mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.Theexampleofcreditinsuranceplansillustratethat？thelawspermitprivatephonenumberstobesoldtheprivatecompaniespromisednottosendnastyinformationcustomers’privacyarenotsufficientlyguaranteedbylawscreditprotectionplanisattractivetothecustomers例4Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit'suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians-frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient-toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theU.S.spent12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainagesay83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.TheauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthatA.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted.B.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases.C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive.D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable.例5(1).Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdbuttheweirdestmaybelikethis:artists'onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.(2).Thiswasn'talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewhereinthe19thcentury,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasinsipid,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth'sdaffodilstoBaudelaire'sflowersofevil.BycitingtheexampleofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat_________A.Poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic.B.Artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeeling.C.Poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness.D.Artisthavechangedtheirfocusofinterest.例6WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe"greatgame"ofespionagespyingasa"profession."ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan'svocationaswell.Donovan'sstoryismentionedinthetextto______.A.introducethetopicofonlinespying.B.showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.C.giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar.D.honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA.例7Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica'sSecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain'sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou'regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ItdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof_________.A.gettingfinancialsupportfromoverseas.B.overcomingtheirout-datedanti-colonialprejudices.C.buildingindustrialinfrastructure.D.beinginvadedinsovereignty.例8Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbefore,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants,especiallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.InMay,JulieNimmons,presidentofSchuttSportsinIllinois,successfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet."We'rereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,buthelmetsaren'tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,"saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheathlete'sinjury.Atthesametime,theAmericanLawInstitute--agroupofjudges,lawyers,andacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight--issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones."Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities,"saysalawprofessoratCornelllawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat________.A.someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylawB.helmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuriesC.productlabelswouldeventuallybediscardedD.somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes例9Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes."Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,"Don'tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers."Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic's________.A.discontentwithanimalresearchB.ignoranceaboutmedicalscienceC.indifferencetoepidemicsD.anxietyaboutanimalrights例10In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw--havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.That'safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontheroleslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.WorksbyGoreVidal,HenryWiencek,andGarryWillsrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy.Moresignificant,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong--andyetmostdidlittletofightit.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedtoA.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.B.demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.C.stresstheroleofslavesintheU.Shistory.D.revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.例11“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset.”saysHalmMendeisonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvalue,whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders”Indeed,justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyacceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP,GenerallyacceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork’sColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancyandrecoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.InbringinguptheconceptofGASP,theauthorismakingthepointthatA.shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedtoB.informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattentionC.businessshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurityD.themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized例 12Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudyisshowingthatitistwiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Forexample,JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,MewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationdiaryforaweek.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationfoeeachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls.題目:WhatdoestheexampleofJeffHancockillustrate？A）theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationmedia.

B)themostliesmadebyphonecallsamongdifferentcommunicationmedia.

C)peoplearemorelikelytolieininstantmessagesthaninemails

D)people'shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia.例 13Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociationlistedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampletoA.illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.B.showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheUSA.C.comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.D.assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.例 14Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,"allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing."Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke'swordsto________.A.callonscientiststotakesomeactionsB.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightsC.warnofthefailureofbiomedicalresearchD.showthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothingPart2.詞匯和句子的特定含義的理解(1)概論:閱讀中的詞匯題通常會(huì)有兩種情況，一種是考生一看到所考的單詞立刻心跳加速：“完了，這個(gè)詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，大綱上也沒有?！边€有就是一看到單詞，立刻欣喜不已：“哈哈，這么容易的單詞。”第一種情況下考生往往會(huì)隨便猜一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，錯(cuò)誤率很高。而第二種情況下，考生往往落入命題專家的陷阱，不知不覺地失了分，原因是考生并沒有掌握閱讀詞匯題的基本命題原則。在閱讀部分的詞匯題要考的并不是考生認(rèn)不認(rèn)識(shí)題中所考的單詞，否則便是命題失效。此處要考的是考生閱讀中的推斷能力，也就是說題中所考單詞的詞義必定能根據(jù)上下文推斷出來。所以考生在遇到閱讀中的詞匯題時(shí)，一定要冷靜，去上下文中細(xì)找，推斷出詞義后，可將詞義代入原文看是否通暢。

經(jīng)?？纪x關(guān)系，并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系表示同義，例如：and,indeed,justas,also,besides,等均表示并列關(guān)系。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)暗示語義關(guān)系：破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、或括號(hào)均表示同義解釋。并列句子的同位和同性詞很重要。(2)題型特點(diǎn):當(dāng)詢問詞句在上下文的特殊含義，注意結(jié)合原文進(jìn)行理解，判斷在文章中的特殊含義。有的詞匯是大綱的詞匯，還有可能是超綱詞匯或句子，要注意引申含義,(3)題干特點(diǎn):1.Accordingtotheauthor,theword“…”means2.by“…”,theauthormeans3.whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningto“…”4.theword“…”inthepassagemeans5.“…”inthepassageis6.theword“…”mostlikelymeans(4)實(shí)例分析:例1Overseasassignmentsarebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoadvancementwithinexecutiveranks.Theexecutivestationedinanothercountrynolongerneedfearbeing“outofsightandoutofmind.”Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany’splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.Ifanemployeecansucceedinadifficultassignmentoverseas,superiorwillhavegreaterconfidenceinhisorherabilitytocopebackintheUnitedStateswherecross-culturalconsiderationsandforeignlanguageissuesarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent(普遍的).Inthispassage,“outofsightandoutofmind”(Lines2-3,Para.3)probablymeans.A.beingunabletothinkproperlyforlackofsightB.beingunabletoimprovethesalaryandpositionC.missingopportunitiesforpromotionwhenabroadD.beingawayfromoverseasassignmentsandtheircould-beadvancement 例2Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersreoordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemosteffi-cient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcanlpaigns.Computersarereliedonbvmanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Thephrase"ringupsales"(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"_____".A.informationaboutsellingtowhowhatandwhenB.keepthebasicrecordsforsellersC.callthesalesmanagerD.keeptrackofthegoods例3Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourownandthatwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheseothercontributions—betheyscientificorartistic.Itisequallytruethat,instudyingthediversewisdomofothers,welearnhowtothink.Moreimportantly,perhaps,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneedsinabroadway.Bysaying“Whileit’struethat…betheyscientificorartistic?(Lines1-3,Para.5),theauthormeansthat________.A.anincredibleamountofknowledgeshouldbeincludedineducationalprogramsB.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeedC.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheightsD.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlooked例4Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.Theword“bummer”mostprobablymeanssomething

A.religiousB.unpleasantC.soulD.worms例5(1)Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook“DoingOurOwnThing”,TheDegradationoflanguageandMusicandWhyWeshouldlike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.(2)Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter'sacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesthegradualdisappearanceof"whom",forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.(3)Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.Theword“talking”(Line6,paragraph3)denotesA.modesty.B.personality.C.liveliness.D.informality.例6Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,“It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.”Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,"It'snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget."?A.You'llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.B.It'snousedreaming.C.Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.D.It'sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.例7“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無拘無束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself…Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活)，starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.”Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequals