02 語(yǔ)篇理解之推理判斷題精讀精練-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)+語(yǔ)篇能力雙清(通用版)

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)+語(yǔ)篇能力雙清(通用版)語(yǔ)篇理解之推理判斷題考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)1推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。提問整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思時(shí)，問句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest(推斷，暗指)等詞。對(duì)付這類題時(shí)我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義，和作者所給的提示。同時(shí)要對(duì)文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測(cè)和推論。關(guān)鍵是：意思要靠推斷得出，而不是原文照搬。這就要把握住文章的主題思想和每段的內(nèi)容；明確作者的觀點(diǎn)及其寫作該文的目的；分析文章里所給的有關(guān)信息；注意詞匯在詞典的定義和詞典以外的含義；最后運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)進(jìn)行由表及里的邏輯推理，挖出文章的伏筆，得出正確的推論。這種問題的提問方式通常有：1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat…/Whatcanwelearnfrom…?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat…3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat…toshow.7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_________?8.Theauthor’sattitudetoward…is_________?9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_________?這些提問方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必須根據(jù)提問中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算，從而得出某些作者并未說(shuō)明卻已在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。具體的說(shuō)，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.首先要注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬(wàn)不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測(cè)，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。有的推斷，考生完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、有關(guān)背景知識(shí)或常識(shí)來(lái)幫助進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。3.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進(jìn)行深層處理，合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)還要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性問題時(shí)，一定要注意確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，則常常要縱覽全篇文章。推理判斷題常見有以下形式：1．細(xì)節(jié)推斷題要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等?？忌獜奈恼卤旧硭峁┑男畔⒊霭l(fā)，抓住關(guān)鍵的信息詞，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。2．因果推斷題要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因或根據(jù)已有的原因推斷可能的結(jié)果?？忌獪?zhǔn)確掌握文章的內(nèi)涵，理解文章的真正含義。最關(guān)鍵的是要找準(zhǔn)事物間存在的因果關(guān)系信息，根據(jù)已有信息，進(jìn)行分析判斷推理，從而推出最符合邏輯的原因或判斷出最可能導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。3．人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題中考閱讀測(cè)試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫人物語(yǔ)氣、言談話語(yǔ)中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類題時(shí)一定注意：（1）由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的思想觀點(diǎn)。（2）特別注意那些描寫環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言，以及表達(dá)感情，態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特別注意作者在文章中的措辭，尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。4．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)推斷題根據(jù)不同文章的內(nèi)容和寫作目的，作者會(huì)采取記敘、描寫、議論、說(shuō)明或應(yīng)用文體。作者也會(huì)采用敘述、例證、比較對(duì)照等不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務(wù)不同，閱讀方法也應(yīng)不同。增強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質(zhì)量?！镜淅纠縃aveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterall,youprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.However,theysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.…1.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds’singing?A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.C.Bydescribingbirds’dailylife.D.Bytellingabird’sstory.【答案】A【解析】由文章第一、二兩段可知作者是把鳥兒和人類進(jìn)行對(duì)比。5．文章結(jié)論推斷題由具體到一般，對(duì)已知的事實(shí)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)性推斷稱為結(jié)論?！镜淅纠緽ytheendofthecentury，ifnotsooner，theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate，accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue，dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots，leadingtochangesintheocean’sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie，theyburycarboninthedeepocean，animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth，sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow，butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz，ascientistinMIT’sCenterforGlobalChangeScience，builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters，suchasthoseoftheArctic，awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton，andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.”shesaid，“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchangesB.ToanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchainC.ToexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceansD.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用，它們?cè)诤Ｑ蟊砻嫘纬闪宋孱伭膱D案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響。氣候變暖會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征，并影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。45.C【解析】目的意圖題。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,theworld’soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.”可知到本世紀(jì)末。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，由于氣候變暖，如果不盡快的話，世界上的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarningtrendWarmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢(shì)的影響，變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征，并能影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)”?？芍疚闹饕忉寶夂蜃兓瘜?duì)海洋的影響。故選C。6.寫作目的推斷題這類題的題干中常有purpose，或者后面接有目的的動(dòng)詞不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我們可以根據(jù)文章的主旨和體裁來(lái)判斷作者的目的和態(tài)度。與寫作目的對(duì)應(yīng)的文章如下：（1）toentertainreaders(使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑)：常見于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。（2）topersuadereaders(說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn))：常見于廣告或議論文。toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息)：多見于新聞報(bào)道類、科普類、文化類或社會(huì)類的文章，以及勸告性或建議性文章。（3）開頭提出問題——讓讀者關(guān)注主題。簡(jiǎn)介相關(guān)事物——為了引出主題。列舉具體事例——說(shuō)明文段的主題【典例示例】“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Q：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem知識(shí)強(qiáng)化知識(shí)強(qiáng)化2一、閱讀單選1It’s2010,outsideofaschoolsomewhereintheU.S.Someteenagersaretalking.Onesaystoanother.“I’mtiredofchillaxinafterschool.Wedothis24/7.Let’sgogetsomeeats.”Twoadultsarewalkingby.Theyhearwhattheteenagersaresaying,buttheydon’tunderstandaword.Whattheteenagersaidwas,“I’mtiredofhangingaroundafterschool.Wedothisallthetime.Let’sgoandgetsomefood.”Thisisnothingnew.Teenagersalwaysinventnewwordsandphrases.Theycreatewordsforeverydaythings,suchaswordsthatmeangoodorparentsorbadorgood-looking,andsoon.Lookatthesedifferentwaysofsayinggoodinrecentdecades(十年):1960s-groovy1970s-fab1980s-wicked1990s-sweet2000s-tightBut,ofcourse,thewordsyouusedependonyourinterests,yourfriends,themusicyoulistentoandthepartofthecountryyoulivein.Differentgroupsofteenagershavedifferentlikesanddislikes,andsotheyalsohavedifferentexpressions.________Manypeoplethinkit’sbecausetheydon’twantadultstounderstand,butthatprobablyisn’ttrue.Therealreasonisthatteenagerswanttofeelthatthey’repartofagroupthatspeaksthesamelanguage,alanguagethatisdifferentfromtheonetheirparentsandotheradultsspeak.Andalsoteenagersliketobecreativeandplaywithlanguage,sotheyhavefuncreatingnewwords.Andwhatdotheparentsthinkaboutitall?Mostofthemdon’tworryaboutit.Afterall,theyhadtheirownspecialwordswhentheywereteenagers,too.Butsomeadultscomplainabout“teentalk”andgetveryannoyedbyit.Butthat’sallpartofthefunfortheteenagers!1.Thetwoadultscan’tunderstandteenagersbecause________.A.theyarefromdifferentcountries B.teenagersspeakintheirownwaysC.theycan’thearthewordsclearly D.teenagersmakemistakeswhiletalking2.In1980s,teenagerssaid________insteadof“good”.A.wicked B.fab C.sweet D.groovy3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe________inparagraph5?A.Dopeoplelikespeakingnewwordsandphrases?B.Howdoteenagerscreatenewwordsandphrases?C.Sowhydoteenagerscreatenewwordsorphrases?D.Doteenagerscreatenewwordsandphrasesforfun?4.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.teenagersalwayshavedifferentlikesanddislikesB.parentsdislike“teentalk”andgotveryannoyedbyitC.parentsthinkit’snormalforteenagerstocreatespecialwordsD.teenagershavefuncreatingnewwordstoshowtheirdifferences2Onedayamanwenttothemarketandbroughthomesomepeaches.Hesaidtohisfoursons,“Ihaveboughtapeachforeachofyou,andoneforyourmother.”Theytookthefruitandthankedtheirfather.Itwasnotoftenthattheycouldhavesuchfinepeaches.Intheeveningthefathersaid,“Well,boys,whatdidyoudowiththosepeaches?”Theeldestsonsaid,“Iatemine,andfounditverysweetandjuicy.Ihaveputthestone(果核)away,andinthespringIwillplantit.Ifitgrows,Iwillhaveapeachtreeofmyown.”“Youhavedoneright,”saidhisfather.“Itisagoodthingtothinkofhavingsomethingforyourselftomorrow.”Theyoungestsonthensaid,Iatemypeachandthrewawaythestone,andmothergavemehalfofhers.Ittastedsogood.”“Well,”saidhisfather,youarealittleboy.Butyoushouldnothavebeensoquicktoeatthepeachandthrowawaythestone.”Thesecondsonsaid,Ipickedupthestonewhichhethrewaway.Ibrokeitopenandatethekernel(仁).ThenIsoldmypeachforenoughtobuythreepeachesthenexttimeIgodownthestreet.”Thefatherwasn’tveryhappywiththisanswer.Hesaid,“Itisrighttothinkofhavingsomethingforyourself,butyouhaveactedinawaythatIamafraidwillmakeyouselfishandgreedy(自私和貪婪).Thethirdsonsaid,“Ididnoteatmypeach.Igaveittothelittlesickboywholivesnextdoor.Thedoctorsaidpeacheswoulddohimgood,buthismotheristoopoortobuyanyforhim.”Hisfatherthoughtthatwasthebestuseofhispeach.5.Whatdidtheeldestsonthinkofhispeach?A.Itwasbig. B.Ittastedgood. C.Itwasfresh. D.Itlookedbeautiful.6.Whatdidthesecondsondowithhispeach?A.Heateit. B.Hesoldit.C.Hegaveittohismother. D.Hetradeditforsomethingelse.7.Whowasthoughttomakethebestuseofhispeach?A.Theeldestson. B.Thesecondson. C.Thethirdson. D.Theyoungestson.3Skateboardingmakesmefeelfree,likeI’mflying.WhenI’mintheair,itfeelslikeIcandoanything.IstartedskatingwhenIwastwoorthree,samewithsurfing.Mydadbuiltamini-rampinourbackyard.Hewouldskateeverydayaftersurfing.Iwouldstealhisboardandplaywithit.IfIsawmydaddoingacooltrick,I’dthink“Iwanttotrythat.”I’dlookituponYoukuandtrytolearnit.NowIjustlearnfrommyfriends.It’snicetoskatewithyourfriendsbecauseyoucanteacheachotherthings.Ineverreallythought,“I’mgoingtogetsogoodatthis.”IjustgotbetterandbetterandithappenednaturallywhenIwasseven.I’m12now.It’sagreatfeeling,gettinganewtrickespeciallyifit’stakenalongtimetolearn.Youtryitathousandtimesandthenoneday,youfinallylandit.That’sthefeelingIwant.It’swhatmakesmekeeptryingnewthings.WhenIwaseight,Ibecamethefirstfemaleskatertolandafrontside540.Sometimesdoingatrickcanbescary.ButIfeellikethatfallingisjustpartofskateboarding.Ilikeinspiringothergirlstodowhattheywanttodo.Idon’twantgirlstothinkthatboyscandothingsthattheycan’t.Iwantgirlstothink,“Icandoit,becauseI’magirl.IfIcandoit,socanthey.”Howdoesskateboardingmaketheauthorfeel?A.Sheisfrightened. B.Shehasthefeelingoffreedom.C.Shefeelsnervous. D.Hermindisfocused.9.Howdidtheauthorlearntricksatfirst?A.Sheaskedherfatherforhelp.B.Shelearnedthetricksfromherfriends.C.ShewatchedvideosontheInternet.D.Shepracticedhertrickswhilesurfing.10.Whatmakestheauthorkeeptryingnewthings?A.Helpfromfriends. B.Father’ssupport.C.Skillsfromatrainingcourse. D.Thefeelingofsuccess.11.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribethewriter?A.Talentedandquiet. B.Outgoingandtalkative.C.Braveandstrong-minded. D.Caringandwarm-hearted.12.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Skyhigh. B.Doingatrickisscary.C.Aprofessionalskater. D.Howtobebrave.4OPENINGHOURS◆HighSeason（ApriltoSeptember）:9:00—18:00everyday◆LowSeason（OctobertoMarch）:9:00—17:00everydayTICKETPRICES◆LineA（…………→）:$20eachperson◆LineB（-------→）:$18eachpersonTHINGSYOUSHOULDKNOW◆BusesforbothlinesleaveeveryhourfromCentralStation.◆LineAtakesonehour.LineBtakes50minutes.◆Ifyouaretakingyourpetwithyou,pleasebuyaseatforitathalfprice.◆Save10%ifyoubuyticketsforbothlines.◆Gformoreinformation.13.Mr.andMrs.BrownwanttotakeLineAwiththeirpetdog,howmuchdotheypay?A.$50. B.$45. C.$40. D.$36.14.HowmanyplacescanpeoplevisitiftheytakeLineB?A.7 B.6 C.8 D.1015.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Ticketsaremoreexpensiveinthehighseason.B.LineArequirestenmoreminutesthanLineB.C.Thereare9openinghourseverydayinDecember.D.Peoplecansave10%iftheybuytwoticketsforthesameline.5IalwaysthinkmydaughterKendallisthebest—that’sjustwhatparentsdo.Whenshewasonlythree,shesangforthepeople,likealittleangel.WhenKendallwasfive,wenoticedthatshesometimeshadatic.Whentheproblemgotworse,wetookherfromdoctortodoctor.Duringthetreatment,Kendallcontinuedtosing.Surprisingly,herticsdisappearedwhenshesang.WhenKendallwassixteen,wethoughtshewouldbecuredsoon.However,aterriblethinghappened.“Ataparty,Kendalljumpedonafriendforapiggybackride.Hebentlowerthansheexpected,andshejumpedhigherthanheexpected.Kendallflewoverhisbackandlandedonthefloor—onherneck.Shewasrushedtohospital,paralyzedfromtheneckdown.Shecouldn’tmove.Butherbiggestworrywasn’twhethershewouldwalkagain,butwaswhethershecouldtryoutforashowcalledAmericanIdol.Asthedayswenton,feelingonherleftsidereturned,butshewasstillparalyzedontheright.Weweren’tsurehowmuchofhermovementwouldcomeback.Afriendbroughtamicrophoneandputitonherbed.Everyday,Kendalltriedhardtopickitup.Itwasmoreimportantforhertopickupthatmicrophonethanaspoonorfork.Sometimesshehadtobiteatoothbrushtotakehermindoffthepain.Weallcriedbecauseofthepainwewitnessed.Butontheday,onlythreemonthsafterheraccident,wecriedfullofjoywhenshesang,thoughshedidn’tentertheTop24ofAmericanIdol.Whenshewasalittlegirl,sheaskedmewhyitwasshethathadtics.Myhearthurt,butItoldher,“Kendall,youhaveapureheart,afantasticvoice,astrongmind.Andyouareabeautifulpresence”.WhendidtheynoticethatKendallsometimeshadatic?A.Whenshewasthreeyearsold. B.Whenshewasfiveyearsold.C.WhenKendallwassixteen. D.Idon’tknow.17.WhatwasasurpriseduringthetreatmentinParagraph2?A.Shehadaticwhenshesang. B.Shesangforthepeople.C.Shewascuredsoon. D.Herticsdisappearedwhenshesang.18.Putthefollowingsentencesinarightorder.a.Shecouldn’tmove.b.Shewasrushedtohospital.c.Kendalljumpedonafriendforapiggybackride.d.Kendallflewoverhisbackandlandedonthefloor—onherneck.e.Shejumpedhigherthanherfriendexpectedandhebentlowerthansheexpected.A.abcde B.decba C.cedba D.edbca19.WhywasitmoreimportantforKendalltopickupthatmicrophonethanaspoonorfork?A.BecauseKendalllovedsinging.B.BecauseKendalldidn’tlikeaspoonorfork.C.BecauseKendal’sfriendbroughtthemicrophoneforher.D.Becausethatmicrophonewasmorebeautifulforherthanaspoonorfork.20.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.AnAmericanIdol B.Aparalyzedgirl C.Thegirlwhohadatic D.Abeautifulgirl6HermotherdiedwhenSarahwasoneyearold.Fortunately,shehadagoodfather.Herfatherwasarichman.Heownedacoalmineandtheonlyrelativedotedonhersomuch.Heregardedheraseverythingtohim.Normally,itwashardforrichgirlstohavegoodbehaviors.ButitwasnotdifficultforSarah.Attheageofseven,herfathersenthertoaschoolinLondon.There,sheworebeautifulclothes.Shewasnice,beautiful,helpfulandgentlejustlikearealprincess.Soon,everyoneintheschoollovesher.Butthencamebadthings.Herfatherdiedofaseriousdiseasesuddenly.Withoutheronlyrelative,littleSarahfeltverysad.Shehadtomoveintoacold,darkandwethouse.Herfoodwascoldandbad.Whatwasworse,shewasofteninsultedbyothers,includingtheheadmaster.Inspiteofthese,shestillsmiledtoeveryoneandnevergaveupherhopeforlife.Sarahwasconfident,brave,helpfulandkind-heartedjustlikebefore.Later,withthehelpofherfather’sfriends,shefinallybecamesuccessfulandgothappinessagain.IwasshockedafterIreadthebookALittlePrincess,whichwaswrittenbyanAmericanwomanwriternamedFrancesBurnett.Sinceitcameout,thebookhasmovedmillionsofpeople.Ihopemorepeoplewillreadthisbook.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph1?A.Sarah’sfatherdiedaftershewasborn. B.Sarahwasborninawealthyfamily.C.Sarah’sfatherwasaheadmaster. D.PeoplesaidSarahwasnotlikeaprincess.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“dotedon”meaninChinese?A.留戀 B.珍藏 C.贍養(yǎng) D.寵愛23.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.TheheadmastertreatedSarahwellallthetime. B.Sarah’sfatherdiedfromanaccident.C.Sarahoncelostherhopeforlife. D.Sarahwasalwaysbrave,helpfulandconfident.24.WhichisNOTmentionedaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.FrancesBurnettwasawomanwriter. B.ALittlePrincesscameout.C.ALittlePrincesswastranslatedintotenlanguages. D.ALittlePrincesswaslovedbymillionsofpeople.25.WhydidthewriterintroducethebookALittlePrincesstous?A.Becausehewantedustoreadit. B.Becausehewantedtosellthebook.C.BecauseBurnettaskedhimtodoso. D.BecausehewasSarah’sfriend.7WhyWeNeedEachOtherJohnlivesalonebutisverysocial.Hehasmanyfriendswithwhomhespendsalotoftimeandseesfrequently.However,hefeelssadanddisappointedbecausehisfriendshipsdon’tseemtomeethisneeds.Albertlivesaloneandhastwoclosefriendswhomheseesoccasionally.Whenhemeetswiththem,hehasagoodtimetalkingaboutcurrenteventsandsportsaswellaseachother’sthoughtsandfeelings.Whenheisnotatworkorinthecompanyofothers,Albertdoesnotfeellonelybecausehespendstimeengaginginactivitiesthatinterestandenergizehim.Generally,lonelinessisanegativeconditionresultingfromastateofaloneness.Peoplewhodesiremoreinterpersonalrelationshipsthantheyactuallyhavecandevelopfeelingsofloneliness.Howmuchsocialconnectednessapersonneedsinfluenceshowmuchalonenesstheycanaccept.However,itisnotthenumberofsocialrelationshipsthatdetermineswhetherpeoplefeellonely.Rather,itistheemotionalandcognitivereactions(認(rèn)知反映)theindividualexperiencesinrelationtotheseconnectionsthatplayaroleinexperiencingloneliness.Forexample,socialinteractionswhereanindividualfeelsthefollowingarelinkedwithloneliness:distrust,emotionalconflict,lackofsocialsupport.JohnandAlbertbothlivealoneandhavefriends;yet,theonewiththemoreactivesociallifefeelslonely.Why?Beingalonecanresultinnegativereactionsrelatedtoloneliness(e.g.,sadness,hopelessness)oritcanhavepositivereactionsrelatedtoloneliness(e.g.,spiritualandcreativegrowth,restoringone’shealthandenergy).John’srelationshipsdon’tseemtoprovidehimwithwhatheneedsorwants—enjoymentormeaning—andsohefeelsverylonely.Ontheotherhand,Albertseemstobenefitfromtheinteractionshehaswithhisfriends,andalsohappenstoenjoyhistimealone.Inaddition,Albertdoesn’tseemtowantmoreinterpersonalconnections.Humans,becauseofnecessity,evolvedintosocialbeings.Dependenceonandcooperationwitheachotherenhancedourabilitytosurviveundersuchdifficultenvironmentalcircumstances.Althoughthesurvivalthreatsofthesecircumstanceshavelessenedintoday’sworld,peoplecontinuetohaveaneedtoconnectwithothers.Indeed,thelackofsuchconnectionscanleadtomanyproblems,includingloneliness.Inouradvanceddigitalage,oneofthecommonconcernsregardingtheincreasingemergenceoflonelinessishowwehavebecomelesscaringofothers.Atonetime,ourverysurvivaldependedontrustingandsupportiverelationships.Basically,itdoesn’tmatterhowtechnologicallyexperiencedwebecome;emotionalconnectivityremainsacentralpartofbeinghuman.Weneedeachother.26.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat________.A.whenbeingalone,onemusthavenegativereactionB.muchsocialconnectednessleadstoone’slonelinessC.continuousemotionalconnectionswithothersarestillneededD.technologicalexperiencinghasreplacedemotionalconnectivity27.Thewriterwantstotellus________inwritingthefourthparagraph.A.whatdetermineswhetherpeoplefeellonely B.whatemotionalandcognitivereactionareC.whatarelinkedwithloneliness D.whatweexperienceinsocialinteractions28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enhanced”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Improved. B.Showed. C.Kept. D.Questioned.29.Whydoesn’tAlbertfeellonelywhenhe’salone?A.Becausehetalksaboutsomepopulartopicswithhisfriends.B.Becausehehasthesamethoughtswithhisfriends.C.Becausehespendsenoughtimewithhisfriends.D.Becausehebenefitsfromrelationshipsandenjoyshistimealone.8Aroadisapaththatlinks(連接)twoplaces.TheSilkRoadisapaththathaslinkedtheEasternandWesternworldsformorethan2,000years.Butdidyouknow:theSilkRoadisnotasingleroute(路線)!Itisactuallyaseriesoftradeandculturaltransmission(傳送)routesthatstartedinancienttimes.ItbeganduringtheWesternHanDynasty.ThetraderoutestartedfromthecityofXi’aninShanxiprovinceandendedinEasternEurope,neartoday’sTurkeyandtheMediterraneanSea(地中海).TheSilkRoadwasabout6,500kilometerslong.Itwentacrossone-fourthoftheplanet.TheSilkRoadgotitsnamebecauseChinesesilkusedtobecarriedalongthisroad.Apartfrom(除了)silk,jade(玉器),ceramics(陶器)andironwentwesttoRome.Fromthewestcameglass,gems,andfoodlikecarrotsandsesame(芝麻).TheSilkRoadwasveryimportanttobothChinaandtherestoftheworld.Inadditiontogoods,knowledgeofscience,artsandliteratureaswellascraftsandtechnology,wassharedacrosstheSilkRoads.Inthisway,languagesandculturesdevelopedandinfluencedeachother.Today,placesalongtheSilkRoadareknownastoptraveldestinations,suchastheTerracottaWarriorsinXi’anandMogaoGrottoesinDunhuang,Gansu.BeginninginAugust,2014,atrainline,theNewOrientExpress,startedtorunfromBeijingacrosstheSilkRoad.Peopleareabletotakethetrainandseethesightsalongtheancientroute.30.WhatdoweknowabouttheSilkRoad?A.ThereisonlyoneroutealongtheSilkRoad.B.ItstartedfromXi’anduringtheEasternHanDynasty.C.Silkwasoncecarriedalongtheroad.31.WhichofthefollowingthingswastakenfromChinatotheWest?A.Glass. B.Jade. C.Gems.32.TheSilkRoadwasofgreatimportancemainlybecause________.A.itencouragedmanypeopletobecometradersB.itwastheoldestandlongestroadintheworldC.itimprovedexchangesbetweenChinaandtheWest33.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.placesalongtheroutearepopularamongtouristsB.theSilkRoadisnolongerimportanttoChinaC.touristscan’ttravelalongtheSilkRoadbytrain參考答案1【答案】1.B

2.A

3.C

4.D【解析】本文介紹了青少年發(fā)明新詞和新的短語(yǔ)已經(jīng)不是什么新鮮事了，他們發(fā)明新詞新短語(yǔ)是為了通過說(shuō)一種和父母以及其他成人不一樣的語(yǔ)言來(lái)顯示他們的不同，并獲得樂趣。1.推理判斷題。通過““I’mtiredofchillaxinafterschool.Wedothis24/7.Let’sgogetsomeeats.””可知，講話的青少年在以他們自己的方式講話，所以這兩個(gè)成人聽不懂。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過表格中的“1980s-wicked”可知，1980年代的青少年說(shuō)wicked代替good。故選A。3.推理判斷題。通過“Manypeoplethinkit’sbecausetheydon’t…”和“Therealreasonisthat…”可知，這段在描述為什么青少年要發(fā)明新的詞和短語(yǔ)。故選C。4.主旨大意題。通過瀏覽全文可知，這篇文章主要是告訴我們青少年發(fā)明新詞新短語(yǔ)是為了通過說(shuō)一種和父母以及其他成人不一樣的語(yǔ)言來(lái)顯示他們的不同，并獲得樂趣。故選D。2【答案】5.B

6.B

7.C【解析】本文是寓言故事，講述了四個(gè)孩子吃桃子的故事，告誡人們不要自私貪婪，說(shuō)明了要物盡其用的道理。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Iatemine,andfounditverysweetandjuicy”，可知很好吃，故選B。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段“ThenIsoldmypeachforenoughtobuythreepeachesthenexttimeIgodownthestreet”，可知他把自己的桃子賣了以便下次上街可以換東西，故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后“Hisfatherthoughtthatwasthebestuseofhispeach”，可知三兒子最能利用他的桃子，故選C。3【答案】8.B

9.C

10.D

11.C

12.A【解析】本文介紹了作者喜歡的一項(xiàng)滑板運(yùn)動(dòng)，以及作者不斷挑戰(zhàn)自我，突破自我的過程。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Skateboardingmakesmefeelfree,likeI’mflying.”可知，她有自由的感覺。故選B。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I’dlookituponYoukuandtrytolearnit.”可知，剛開始作者是通過看視頻學(xué)習(xí)技巧的。故選C。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Youtryitathousandtimesandthenoneday,youfinallylandit.That’sthefeelingIwant.It’swhatmakesmekeeptryingnewthings.”可以推出，成功的感覺會(huì)使作者不斷嘗試新的東西。故選D。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Sometimesdoingatrickcanbescary.ButIfeellikethatfallingisjustpartofskateboarding.”及短文內(nèi)容可推知，作者是一個(gè)勇敢且意志力堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人。故選C。12.最佳標(biāo)題。本文主要介紹了作者喜歡的一項(xiàng)滑板運(yùn)動(dòng)，以及作者不斷挑戰(zhàn)自我，突破自我的過程，故A選項(xiàng)符合題意。4【答案】13.A

14.B

15.B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，這篇短文為我們介紹了城市觀光車開放時(shí)間，兩條線的價(jià)格，需要的時(shí)間等信息。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中票價(jià)“LineA:$20eachperson”和句子“Ifyouaretakingyourpetwithyou,pleasebuyaseatforitathalfprice”可知布朗夫婦帶著寵物狗購(gòu)票需要20+20+10美元，故選A。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)圖片內(nèi)容可知，兩條線上分別有六個(gè)和七個(gè)可以參觀的地方，結(jié)合圖示“LineA（…………→）:$20eachperson◆LineB（-------→）:$18eachperson”可知，右側(cè)線路是lineB，可推測(cè)B線路有六個(gè)可以參觀的地方，故選B。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“LineAtakesonehour.LineBtakes50minutes”可知，A線路比B線路需要多10分鐘，B表述正確，故選B。5【答案】16.B

17.D

18.C

19.A

20.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了從小就喜歡唱歌的Kendall以頑強(qiáng)的毅力戰(zhàn)勝疾病，能夠重新唱歌的故事。16.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhenKendallwasfive,wenoticedthatshesometimeshadatic”可知，當(dāng)Kendall五歲時(shí)，父母注意到她有時(shí)會(huì)面部抽搐。故選B。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Duringthetreatment,Kendallcontinuedtosing.Surprisingly,herticsdisappearedwhenshesang.”可知，驚訝的是，在治療期間，Kendall一唱歌，她的面部抽搐就會(huì)消失。故選D。18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Kendalljumpedonafriendforapiggybackride…Shewasrushedtohospital,paralyzedfromtheneckdown.S