2023屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解考點18 議論文（A卷） 作業(yè)

屆新高考英語高頻考點專項練習(xí)：專題十二考點18議論文（A卷）1.

Trafficjamsandcities,itseems,gohandinhand.Everyonecomplainsaboutbeingstuckintraffic,but,liketheweather,nooneseemstodoanythingaboutit.Inparticular,trafficengineers,transportationplanners,andpublicofficialsresponsiblefortransportationsystemsinlargecitiesarefrequentlycriticizedforfailingtosolvethetrafficjam.

Butisthetrafficjamasignoffailure?Longqueuesatrestaurantsortheaterboxofficesareseenassignsofsuccess.Shouldtransportationsystemsbeviewedanydifferently?Ithinkweshouldrecognizethatthetrafficjamisanunpreventableby-product(副產(chǎn)品)ofsuccessfulcities,andviewthe"trafficproblem"inadifferentlight.

Citiesexistbecausetheyimprovesocialcommunicationandeconomictrade.Thetrafficjamoccurswheretherearelotsofpeoplebutlimitedspace.Culturallyandeconomicallysuccessfulcitieshavetheworsttrafficproblems,whiledecayingcitiesdon'thavemuchtraffic.NewYorkandLosAngelesareAmerica'smostcrowdedcities.Butifyouwantaccesstomajorbrokeragehouses(經(jīng)紀(jì)行),youwillfindthemeasiertoreachincrowdedNewYorkthaninanyotherlargecities.Andifyourcompanyneedsaccesstopost-productionfilmeditorsorsatellite-guidanceengineers,youwillreachthemmorequicklythroughthecrowdedfreewaysofLAthanthroughlesscrowdedroadselsewhere.

Despitethetrafficjam,alargeramountofsocialcommunicationandeconomictradecanbemadebetterinlarge,crowdedcitiesthanelsewhere.Seeninthislight,thetrafficjamisanunfortunateresultofprosperity(繁榮),notacauseoftheeconomicfallandurbandecay.Sowhilewecanconsiderthetrafficjamasincreasingcostintheareasofbigcities,thecostofinaccessibilityinuncrowdedplacesisalmostcertainlygreater.

ThereisnodoubtthatthetrafficjambringstheterribleeconomicandenvironmentaldamageinplaceslikeBangkok,Jakarta,andLagos.Butmobility(流動性)isfarhigherandtrafficjamlevelsarefarlowerhereintheUS,eveninourmostcrowdedcities.That'swhy,fornow,wedon'tseepeopleandcapitalstreamingoutofSanFranciscoandChicago,headingforcitieslikeElCentroandMcAllen.1.Wecanconcludefromthefirstparagraphthat_____.

A.thetrafficjamandweatherarethetwofactorspreventingthedevelopmentofbigcities

B.thetrafficjamseemstobeverydifficulttodealwith

C.iftrafficengineerstrytheirbest,thetrafficjamcanbesolved

D.publicofficialsarealwayscriticizedformisusingtheirpower

2.Bysaying"decaying"(inPara.3),theauthorprobablymeans_____.

A.lesspowerfulandinfluential B.developing

C.richandsuccessful D.small-sized

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.ThetrafficjamhascausedterribleeffectsincitiessuchasBangkokandLagos.

B.ThetrafficjaminSanFranciscohasresultedinthecapitalflowingout.

C.ThetrafficjamlevelinJakartaislowerthanthatintheUS.

D.McAllenisascrowdedandsuccessfulasSanFrancisco.

4.What'stheauthor'sopiniononthetrafficjam?

A.Incities,thetrafficjamisavoidable.

B.Thetrafficjamisbothasignoffailureandasignofsuccess.

C.Thetrafficjamistheresultofsuccessfulcities.

D.Thetrafficjamcanpromotesocialcommunicationandeconomictrade.2.

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.

ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.

Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.

Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword"touch"fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?

A.Toreducepressureonkeys. B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.

C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem. D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.

2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?

A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.

B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.

C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.

D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.

3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?

A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly. B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.

C.It'llbemadeofplastics. D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook. C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.3.Sand,sun,fitness,andfunwerepopularattheLeapFrog'sFitMadeFunDayeventonSeptember6.WithLeapFrog'snewLeapBandactivitytracker,theeventtookplaceatSantaMonicaBeachinCaliforniatoeducatekidsaboutstayingactive.TheLeapBandisLeapFrog'snewestproduct.Itstraps(用帶子系好)ontothewrist,likeawatch,andfeaturesavirtual(虛擬的)petthatkidscancarefor.Kidsdoactivitiessuchaswalkinglikeapenguinandpoppinglikepopcorntoearnpointsandpower-ups,whichunlocknewpetsandrewards."Wewanttomakesurekidsunderstandthatgettingup,gettingactive,havingfun,andgettinghealthytipscanallbepartoftheirdailylives,"saysGregAhearn,whoworksforLeapFrog."OurgoalwiththeLeapBandis

to

getkids

upand

activeandhavingfun."Theeventincludedcreativefitnessactivitiesforkidsandparents.ArtieGreenandEasyA.D.,whoareapartofanorganizationcalledHipHopPublicHealth,performedsongsandtaughtdances.Therewerephotoopportunities,healthysnacks,andgoodiebagstoo.MiaHamm,aformermemberoftheUnitedStatesnational

women's

soccer

team,isthe

officialspokespersonfortheLeapBand.HammtookpartinWomen'sWorldCupsandtheOlympics.Whenshewasabout15,sheknewthathersportwassoccer."Ilovedthewayitchallengedmeeverysingleday,"shesaid.Hammsaysexercisingshouldbefun"whetherit'splayingsoccerwithyourfriendsorhoppingononefootordancing".Sheadvisesaspiringathletes(有志向的)to"goforit.It'salotofhardwork,butit'smeaningful".Laterintheafternoon,thecrowdcametogethertotrytobreakthreeGuinnessWorldRecords:themostpeoplemakingsandangels,themostpeoplehoppingononefoot,andthemostpeopledoingtheswimdance.Participants(參加者)

enjoyedexercisingtogether,dancing,hopping,andflappingalongtomusic.Betteryet,theybrokeallthreerecords!Ahearnhopesthesefamiliesandmanymorecontinuetotakepartinfitnessactivities."Funisthemostimportantthing,"hesays.1.TheeventLeapFrog'sFitMadeFunDayisto________.

A.encourageparticipantstobreakGuinnessWorldRecords

B.introduceLeapFrog'snewestproduct—theLeapBand

C.instructpeople,especiallykidstokeepanactivelifestyle

D.findsuitablevolunteerstocareforvirtualpets

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweknow?

A.Kidsdon'tunderstandthevalueofactivelife.

B.Theactivitiesoftheeventareconcernedwithfitness.

C.Soccerdoesn'tmeanalottoHamm.

D.Ahearnthinksbreakingallthreerecordsisthemostimportantthing.

3.ThefifthparagraphmainlyintendstotellusMiaHamm________.

A.isactiveinsportsactivities

B.wasafamouswomansoccerplayer

C.actsasthespokespersonfortheLeapBand

D.callsonpeopletodosportsactivities

4.What'sthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tosellaproduct. B.Toprovideinformationaboutanactivity.

C.Topromoteanactivity. D.Todescribeanexperience.4.

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables'plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are"mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior."

Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(調(diào)查研究)."Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharing,kindness,openness—carryover

to

lateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,"hesaid.1.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?

A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.

2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theclassificationofthepopular. B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills. D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.

3.WhatdidDr.Prinstein'sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?

A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive. B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.

C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus. D.Theyperformedwellacademically.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeNice—YouWon'tFinishLast B.TheHighertheStatus,theBetter

C.BetheBest—YouCanMakeIt D.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness5.Thinkofthelasttimeyoudisagreedwithanotherperson.Maybeyouarguedwithasibling(兄弟;姊妹)overwhattowatchonTV.Orperhapsyoutriedtoconvincegrown-upsthaticecreammadeabetterdinnerthanvegetables.Howdidyourdisagreementend?Wereyouabletoseetheissuefromtheotherperson'sviewpoint?Inmanysituations,disagreementsareunavoidable.They'repartoflife.Afterall,everyonehasdifferentopinions.Weallhavepastexperiencesthatshapehowweseetheworld.Still,notalldisagreementsarebad.Infact,manypeoplelookatthemasopportunitiestolearn.Theydosobytryingtounderstandwherebothsidesarecomingfrom.Howcanyouunderstandbothsidesofanissue?Often,it'sbesttostartbyaskingquestions.Questionshelpuslearnabouttheworldaroundus.Therightquestionscanalsohelpuslearnaboutotherpeople.Inadisagreement,askingformoreinformationcanhelpyoulearnaboutaperson'sviewpoint.Itcanalsoleadyoutogathermorefacts.Thiscanpaintabetterpictureoftheentireissue.Whenweareseekingtounderstandbothsidesofanissue,it'simportanttoknowthedifferencebetweenfactsandopinions.Remember,factsarebasedontrueinformation.Opinionscanchangefrompersontoperson.Payingattentiontofactscanstopbiases(偏見)fromtakingoverinadisagreement.Thiscanhelpeveryoneinvolvedseebothsidesoftheissue.Maybeyou'rewonderingwhyit'simportanttounderstandbothsidesofanissue,anyway.Afterall,don'tmostpeoplejustwanttoprovethattheirsideisright?Often,that'strue.However,understandingthewholeissuecanleadtobothsidesworkingtogether.Disagreementsmaybeuncomfortableatfirst.However,whenbothsidestrulytrytounderstandeachother,theyoftenfindtheyhavemoreincommonthantheythought.Thenexttimeyoudisagreewithanotherperson,tryaskinghimquestionsabouthisviewpoint.Youneverknowwhatyoumightlearn.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"so"refertoinParagraph2?

A.Ignoringchancestolearn.

B.Knowingmoreaboutthemselves.

C.Shapingarightwaytoseetheworld.

D.Makingthedisagreementsachancetolearn.

2.Accordingtothepassage,howcanwesolveadisagreement?

A.Bychangingtheother'sopinions.

B.Bymakingbothsidescomfortable.

C.Bytryingtostandinothers'shoes.

D.Bytellingfactsandopinionsapart.

3.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisview?

A.Byreasoning.

B.Bydescribing.

C.Bypersuading.

D.Byquestioning.

4.What'stheauthor'sattitudetopeople'sarguments?

A.Indifferent.

B.Pessimistic.

C.Positive.

D.Skeptical.6.Manykidswouldlikelyarguethattheirlunchtimeistooshort.Whilethepreciousbreaksafterclassareusedtorelaxandchatwithfriends,studentsalsoneedtoscarfdownafullmealtofuelthemthroughtherestoftheday.Butitisfoundthatstudentsneedmorethanfewminutestoconsume(消耗)thosemuch-needednutrients(營養(yǎng)).Longerlunchtimeishealthier.Thestudycomparedfoodchoiceswiththeamountoftimestudentsaregiventoeat.Studentswithlessthan20minutesforlunchateless,includingnutritionalfruitsandvegetables.Nationwide,theaverage(平均的)lunchtimeisabout30minutes.Butresearchersfoundthatthereallunchtimecangetcutdowntolessthan10minutes.Researchersresearched1,001studentsinlow-incomeneighborhoodsinMassachusettsthathadlunchtimebetween20and30minutes.Studentswithshorterlunchtimewerelesslikelytoevenchooseafruitintheirlunch:44percentofstudentswith20-minutetimepickedupanappleororange.Morethan30millionchildren,halfofallpublicschoolchildrennationwide,accordingtothe

SouthernEducationFoundation,eatlow-costorfreeluncheseverydayundertheNationalSchoolLunchprogram.Withthe2010Healthy,Hunger-FreeKidsAct,schoolluncheshaveseenanoverhaul(詳細(xì)檢查)intheirnutritionalguidelines,withanincreaseinwholegrains(全谷類),low-fatchoices,fruitsandvegetables.Whileincreasinglunchtimeandcuttingintoclasstimemaynotbeapossiblechoiceformanyschools,whosefundingdependsontheresultsoftests.Researcherssuggestedsimplifyingthelunchlinessothatstudentscanmakethemostoutofthetimetheyhave.1.Theunderlinedphrase

"scarfdown"inthefirstparagraphmeans"________".

A.discuss B.cook C.eat D.improve

2.Ifstudents'lunchtimeislessthan20minutes,theywould________.

A.havehealthierlunches B.eatmorevegetables

C.havelesschoices D.beshortofpropernutrition

3.Whatdonearlyhalfstudentschoosetoeatiftheyonlyhave20minutesforlunch?

A.Thevegetables. B.Themilk. C.Themeat. D.Thefruits.

4.Whywouldn'tschoolscutintoclasstimeinthelastparagraph?

A.Becausethestudentswillnothavetheenoughhealthychoice.

B.Becausethenon-idealresultofthetestwillinfluencetheschoolfund.

C.Becausetheschoolwillhavetoimprovelunchquality.

D.Becausethestudentswillwastetheirlunchtimeplaying.7.Whenwasthelasttimeyouwenttoyourlocallibrary?Lastweek?Amonthago?Ayearago?Formanyreasons,borrowingbooksfromlibrariesseemstobeindecline.Withadvancesintechnology,itisnowpossibleforpeopletodownloadandreadwhatevertheylikeonelectronicdevicessuchasKindles.Ithasbeenarguedthatdoingthisischeaperthanbuyinghard-copybooks.Theyarealsolightweight,makingthemidealfortravelling.Callmeoldfashioned,butI'venevergotintothee-books:Iliketohaveprintedbooksliningmybookshelves;Ilovethesmellofanewbook;andIenjoyleafingthroughpaperpages—aslongasIavoidthepapercuts!So,Ipreferpaperbooks,andIalsoprefertoownthemmyself.Librariesonlylendbooks,sowhatusearetheytosomeonelikeme,ortosomeonewhoonlyreadselectronicbooks?Personally,Istilllovelibraries.Theyofferaquietspacetosit,read,think,doresearch…arealescapefromtheoutsideworld.WhenIwasatuniversity,Ifrequentlyspenthoursatthelibraryandborrowednumerousjournals,articlesandotherprintedmaterials,asitwasjusttooexpensivetobuybrandnewbookseveryweek.Librariesarefree!Librariesoftenorganizeaseriesofinterestingactivitiesaswell.Mylocallibraryhostedactors,historiansandotherspeakersduringthetown'sannualartandliteraturefestival.Well-knownauthorsarealsoinvitedtolibrariestogivespeechesorleaddiscussionsabouttheirwork.Eventssuchastheseareagreatwaytoappealtopeopleofallagesinthecommunityandencouragetheuseoflibraries.Therearestillmanyfantasticwaystouselibraries—maybewejustneedtobemoreawaketothem!1.Whatisthewriter'spurposeofusingquestionsentencesinParagraph1?

A.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.

B.Tomakereadersanswerquestions.

C.Togivereaderssomeadvice.

D.Toconductasurvey.

2.Whatcanweknowaboute-books?

A.Theyareeasytobuy.

B.Theyarecheapandeasytotake.

C.Theycanbeborrowedfromlibraries.

D.Theyareawasteofenergy.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"inParagraph4referto?

A.Libraries. B.E-books. C.Paperbooks. D.Bookshelves.

4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Theendofthelibrary?

B.Thereasonsformylovinglibraries!

C.Whichisbetter,e-booksorpaperbooks?

D.Thelasttimeofvisitingyourlocallibrary!8.Tensofthousandsofdrone(無人機)ownerswillhavetoregistertheirdevicesforthefirsttimeunderregulationsdesignedtosafeguardprivacy.RulesintroducedyesterdayrequirealldronesthatarefittedwithcamerastobeloggedwiththeCivilAviationAuthority(CAA).Anyonewhofailstodosofacesbeingtakentocourtandfinedupto￡1,000.Dronesheavierthan250galreadyhavetoberegisteredwiththeCAA,whichcosts￡9andmustberenewedannually,butthenewmeasuresextendthisrequirementtoalldevices,includingthelightweightmodelsthatareusedbyhobbyistpilots.Themovecomesaftersharpriseinthenumberofdronesboughtbyenthusiastsorthoseoperatingthemforcommercialreasons,suchastoinspectinfrastructureorforphotographyandfilming.However,therisehaspromptedconcernsoverprivacy,withfearsthatdronesarebeingusedtospyonprivateresidencesandotherbuildings.Ithasalsoledtoanincreaseinthenumberofnear-missesbetweendronesandotheraircraft,includingcommercialpassengerjets.Thelatestfiguresshow531near-missesinvolvingdroneswereloggedinthepastdecade,including125recordedin2019.Bylawdronesaresupposedtobeoperatedwithinanoperator'slineofsight.Theyhavetoremainbelowanaltitudeof400fttoavoidinterferingwithaircraftandflownatleast164ftawayfrompeopleandbuildings.Thegovernmenthasalreadytoughenedupregulationsinrecentyears.Thisincludesrequiringalloperatorstopassanonlinetestbeforebeingallowedtoflydevices.Otherchangestotheregulationsincludeallowingdronesthatweighupto25kgtobeoperated,comparedwithapreviouslimitof20kg.Deviceswillalsofallintothreenewcategoriesofrisk--high,mediumandlow--dependingonhowtheywillbeflown.Low-riskdrones,includingthosetypicallyusedbyhobbyists,willhaveoperationallimitationsbutwillnotneedauthorisation(授權(quán))forflights.Authorisationisneededforlargermedium-riskandhigh-riskdroneflights,whicharetypicallycarriedoutinmorecomplexenvironments,includingthosebeyondtheoperator'slineofsight,whichisbannedundernormalcircumstances.ChristianStruwe,thedirectorofpublicpolicy,saidofthenewregulation:"Itsimplifiesdifferentprocessesandallowscustomerstotravelfromcountrytocountrywithouthavingtoworryaboutdifferentrulesindifferentforeignlocations."1.Whymustthedroneownersregistertheirdevices?

A.Toprotecttheirrightsofflyingdrones.

B.Toavoidbreakingthenewregulations.

C.Tomakesuretheirdronesmeettheweightrequirement.

D.Tofollowtherulesnottoinvadeothers'privacy.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordsinparagraph2probablymean?

A.Updatedeveryday. B.Replacedeverymonth.

C.Redesignedeveryyear. D.Registeredeveryyear.

3.Whatisthepotentialdangerdronesprobablycause?

A.Droneswillbeusedforcommercialpurposes.

B.Dronesprobablycrashintopassengerplaneswhileinuse.

C.Operatingdronesrequireshigherqualification.

D.Itisimpossibletoavoidbeingspiedbydrones.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocuson?

A.Howtomakeastandarddrone.

B.Howdronesareoperatedbyenthusiasts.

C.Theimportanceofregisteringthedrones.

D.Thenegativeeffectofdronesonpeople.

答案以及解析1.答案：1.B;2.A;3.A;4.C

解析：1.考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"liketheweather,nooneseemstodoanythingaboutit"可知,人們對交通堵塞現(xiàn)象無能為力,說明交通堵塞問題很棘手,難以解決。故選B。

2.考查詞義猜測。由該詞所在句子中的while(而,卻)表對比可知,decaying的意思應(yīng)與上文中的successful相反。故選A。

3.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段第一句"ThereisnodoubtthatthetrafficjambringstheterribleeconomicandenvironmentaldamageinplaceslikeBangkok,Jakarta,andLagos"可知A項正確,其他選項均與文中事實不符。故選A。

4.考查觀點態(tài)度。根據(jù)第二段最后一句和第五段可知,作者認(rèn)為交通擁擠是城市成功的一個不可避免的副產(chǎn)品,應(yīng)該從另一個不同的角度來看待交通擁擠現(xiàn)象。文中作者并沒有提到交通堵塞是一種失敗。故選C。2.答案：1-4.DCBD

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though."以及第二段第一句"ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard."可推知,研究者研發(fā)這種智能鍵盤是為了降低網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全保護(hù)技術(shù)的成本。注意題干、正確選項以及原文中一些詞匯的多次呼應(yīng)現(xiàn)象:develop與comeupwith是同義詞,expensive與low-cost是反義詞,cutthecost與low-cost相呼應(yīng)。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。題干問的是"是什么讓智能鍵盤的發(fā)明成為可能?",也就是問這一發(fā)明的核心依據(jù)是什么。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities..."可知,正是因為每個人的打字模式不同,這種智能鍵盤才可以通過分析用戶的打字力度及節(jié)奏等來判斷該用戶是不是安全訪客,故C項符合題意。解答該題的關(guān)鍵是看懂題干的意思,即智能鍵盤的核心依據(jù)是什么。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干"研究者對于智能鍵盤有什么期望?"可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句話"Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.",該團(tuán)隊希望在不久的將來將智能鍵盤推向市場。注意:題干中的expect與原文中的hope呼應(yīng),答案選項中的consumers與原文中的market呼應(yīng)。故選B。

4.文章出處題。根據(jù)本文的話題"智能鍵盤"以及第二段中的"ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice...",尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞researchers,low-costdevice等來推斷,這篇文章是一篇科研報道,最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。故選D。3.答案：1.C;2.B;3.D;4.B

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"toeducatekidsaboutstayingactive"和第三段第一句話可知,C項正確。這項活動的目的是讓人們,尤其是孩子,保持一種積極的生活方式。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。無論是孩子們的活動還是后面試圖打破吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄的活動都和運動健康有關(guān)。故選B。

3.段落大意題。通讀第五段尤其是最后一句可知,MiaHamm認(rèn)為運動是可以給人帶來快樂的,也是有意義的,故她是想呼吁人們做體育運動。故選D。

4.寫作意圖題。本篇文章是新聞報道,全文的意圖是提供一項活動的信息。故選B。4.答案：1-4.CABA

解析：1.推理判斷題。本題題干意為:作者在上小學(xué)的低年級時是什么樣的女孩?根據(jù)題干中的earlyyearsofelementaryschool可定位到第一段第一句中的Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes(喜歡分享玩偶和笑話),因此可以推斷作者是大方的。A:不友善的;B:孤獨的;D:酷的。故選C。

2.主旨大意題。本題題干意為:第二段的主要內(nèi)容是什么?根據(jù)第二段第二句MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.可知,本段對受歡迎的人進(jìn)行分類。B:青少年的特點;C:人際交往技巧的重要性;D:不光彩行為的原因。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Prinstein博士的研究中針對最受喜歡的小孩的發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么?根據(jù)題干中的study和themostlikedkids可定位到第四段中的Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus。healthyadjustment(調(diào)整,適應(yīng))對應(yīng)B項中的adaptable(能適應(yīng)的)。A:他們顯得有侵略性;C:他們喜歡最高的地位;D:他們學(xué)習(xí)成績很好。故選B。

4.主旨大意題。本題題干意為:本文最好的標(biāo)題是什么?文章將受歡迎的人分成兩類—討人喜歡的人和追逐高地位的人。根據(jù)對這兩種人的介紹可以總結(jié)出整篇文章都是在引導(dǎo)讀者做討人喜歡的人,對人友善、學(xué)會分享、敞開心扉。B:地位越高越好;C:做到最好—你可以做到;D:自制力越強,侵略性越小。故選A。5.答案：1-4DCAC

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Still,notalldisagreementsarebad.Infact,manypeoplelookatthemasopportunitiestolearn.知,并非所有的分歧都是糟糕的,事實上,許多人把它們看作是學(xué)習(xí)的機會。由此可推斷,so指的是把分歧當(dāng)作學(xué).習(xí)的機會。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Howdidyourdisagreementend?Wereyouabletoseetheissuefromtheotherperson'sviewpoint?可知,這兩句以提問的形式引出結(jié)束分歧的方式,即從對方的角度看問題;根據(jù)最后一段中的Disagreementsmaybeuncomfortableatfirst.However,whenbothsidestrulytrytounderstandeachother,theyoftenfindtheyhavemoreincommonthantheythought.可知,分歧一開始可能會讓人不舒服。然而,當(dāng)雙方真正試圖理解對方時,往往會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的共同點比他們想象的要多。由此可推斷,要想解決分歧,雙方要真正去理解對方,站在對方的立場上想問題。故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第.三段中的Howcanyouunderstandbothsidesofanissue?Often,it'sbesttostartbyaskingquestions.可知,理解關(guān)于問題的雙方意見最好從問問題開始;根據(jù)第四段中的Whenweareseekingtounderstandbothsidesofanissue,it'simportanttoknowthedifferencebetweenfactsandopinions.可知,試圖了解關(guān)于問題的雙方意見時,了解事實和觀點之間的區(qū)別是很重要的;根據(jù)最后一段中的Disagreementsmaybeuncomfortableatfirst.However,whenbothsidestrulytrytounderstandeachother,theyoftenfindtheyhavemoreincommonthantheythought.可知,分歧一開始可能會讓人不舒服。然而,當(dāng)雙方真正試圖理解對方時,往往會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的共同點比他們想象的要多。由此可推斷,作者通過推理來支持