人教版中考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)之冠詞及數(shù)詞

12/12人教版Goforit英語中考語法專題復(fù)習(xí)之冠詞及數(shù)詞PartA冠詞的用法冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。a（an）叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。a用在輔音之前，an用在元音之前。1.不定冠詞的用法（1）a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.（2）指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。例如：Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.（3）指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或和物。例如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.（4）表示“每一”的意思，相當于every。例如：Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.2.定冠詞用法（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.（2）指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.（3）上文提到過的人或事物。例如：YesterdayJohn’sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.（4）表示世界上獨一無二的事物。例如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.（5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級之前。例如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.（6）用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.（7）用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。（8）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫婦”。例如：theBrowns,thewhites等。3.不用冠詞的情況（1）某些專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。（2）名詞前已有作定語用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞時，不用冠詞。例如：Thatismycap.Ihavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.（3）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時，不用冠詞。Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.（4）稱呼語前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如：Idon’tfeelwelltoday,Mother.BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.（5）三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動，學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如：Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmatheveryday.（6）在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。強化訓(xùn)練：Ⅲ.單項選擇()1.Ilikeplaying_______violinandmybrotherlikesplaying______basketball.A./;theB.the;theC.the;/D./;/()2.—You’vedropped_____“s”intheword“cross”.—Oh,_____letter“s”shouldbedoubledlikethis“cross”.A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.the;,the()3.—Excuseme,sir.Whichcupisyours?—_____smallone.A./B.AC.AnD.The()4.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—Iwant_____orangeblouseformydaughter.A.anB.theC.aD./【指點迷津】1.不定冠詞a/an的用法：冠詞a,an兩種帽，許多名詞常需要。開頭讀音如是元，要把an帽來討要。輔音其首帶a帽，記住規(guī)律莫亂套。2.定冠詞the的用法：特指雙方熟悉，上文已經(jīng)提及。世上獨一無二，方位名詞樂器。某些專有名詞，外加復(fù)數(shù)姓氏。序數(shù)詞最高級，習(xí)慣用語要特記。二、不用冠詞的情況Ⅰ.單項選擇()1.Wehave_____lunchin_____middleoftheday.A./;theB.the;theC.the;/D./;/()2.—The2010AsianGameswillbeheldonNovember12inGuangzhou.—_____goodnews!A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What()3.Thisis_____mypencil.I’mwritingwith_____pencil.A./;theB.the;aC.the;/D.a;theⅡ.用合適的冠詞填空，如果不需用冠詞，用“/”表示。1._____animalscan’tlivewithout____water.2.______Chinais____greatcountrywithlonghistory.3.Iwenttoschoolwithout______breakfastthismorning.4.Heoftenplays_____basketballafterschool.【指點迷津】不用冠詞的基本情況：下列情況不用冠，名詞之前代詞限。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，球類學(xué)科和三餐。專有名詞不可數(shù)，星期月份季節(jié)前。交通手段和節(jié)日，習(xí)慣稱謂和頭銜。三、有定冠詞與無定冠詞的區(qū)別Ⅰ.單項選擇()1.BeforeIgoto_____bed,I’dliketohave_____cupoftea.A.the;aB.a;aC./;/D./;a()2.“Whaton_____earthareyoudoing?”Momasked.A.aB.anC.theD./Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。1.Ihopetoseeyouagainsometime(明年).2.MayIaskifyouliketraveling(乘船)?【指點迷津】1.gotoschool（學(xué)生）上學(xué)gototheschool到學(xué)校去（不一定是學(xué)生）2.gotobed上床睡覺gotothebed向床邊走去（不一定睡覺）3.infrontof在（……外部）的前面inthefrontof在（……內(nèi)部）的前面4.nextyear明年thenextyear第二年5.onearth究竟ontheearth在地球上6.bysea乘船bythesea在海邊PartB數(shù)詞的用法數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表示順序。1.基數(shù)詞的用法（1）基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語，例如：ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.（主語）Howmanywouldyoulike?Three，please.（作賓語）ThenineboysarefromTianjing.（定語）Sixplusfouristen.（表語）Wefourwillgowithyou.（同位語）（2）表示一個具體數(shù)字時，hundred,thousand,million一律不用復(fù)數(shù)；在表示一個不確定數(shù)字時則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.（3）表示“……十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如：Heisinhisearlythirties.Hediedstillinhisforties.Thistookplacein1930s.（4）表示時刻用基數(shù)詞。例如：Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.表示“幾點過幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時以內(nèi)。例如：tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve表示“幾點差幾分”用介詞to,但分數(shù)須在半小時以上。例如：twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten表示“幾點幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如：sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty2.序數(shù)詞的用法（1）序數(shù)詞主要用作定語，前面要加定冠詞，例如：Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets.Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.（2）序數(shù)詞有時前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如：We'llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime?WhenIsatdown，afourthmanrosetospeak.（3）由幾個序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時不對應(yīng)，很容易寫錯，應(yīng)特別注意。它們是：onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth。（4）表示年，月，日時，年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：1949年十月一日讀作：October（the）first,nineteensixty2004年九月十日讀作：September（the）tenth,twothousandandfour（5）表示分數(shù)時，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時，分母加-s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths（6）序數(shù)詞有時用縮寫形式：first→1stsecond→2ndthird→3rdfourth→4thtwenty-second→22nd強化訓(xùn)練：三、考查分數(shù)Ⅰ.寫出下列分數(shù)。1.五分之四2.二分之一3.四分之三4.一個半小時Ⅱ.單項選擇()1._____ofthestudentsinthisschoolis2000,and_______ofthemaregirls.A.Thenumber;firstfourthB.Thenumber;onefourthC.Anumber;onesecondD.Anumber;threequarters()2.______isenoughforme.A.OneandahalfhourB.OnehourandhalfC.OneandhalfhourD.Oneandahalfhours【指點迷津】1.分數(shù)的寫法：英語分數(shù)不費事，“母序子基”四個字。分子若是大于一，分母還須加-s。2.當分數(shù)后面接名詞時，如果分數(shù)表示的值大于1，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)，小于1，名詞用單數(shù)。四、考查年代、幾十來歲、年、月、日和時刻的表達法Ⅰ.單項選擇()1.—Whatisthedatetoday?—It’s________.A.ThursdayB.JunethesixteenthC.thebestdayD.Monday()2.—WhenwereyouborninShanghai?—_______.A.InJanuary1st,1995B.OnJanuary1st,1995C.On1995,January1stD.In1stJanuary,1995()3.Hebegantoworkthereinhis________.A.fiftiesB.fiftyC.fiftiethD.thefiftieth()4.It’stentoten.Wecanalsoreadit__________.A.ninefifteenB.ninefiftyC.tenpasttenD.tentenⅡ.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。1.Mygrandpajoinedtheparty(在20世紀30年代).2.Everydayhebeginstodohishomeworkat(7:10).【指點迷津】1.英語中年月日的表達法和漢語中的不同，年在后，月日在前，如July4th,1973。還要注意單純年的表達法：一般分成兩半來讀，如1998nineteenninety-eight，但有一些比較特殊，如2000twothousand；2008twothousandandeight等。2.時刻的表達法一般有三種：一種是按順序用基數(shù)詞讀，如：6:15sixfifteen；一種是在半小時以內(nèi)（包括半小時），用分鐘+past+小時，如6:15fifteenpastsix；另一種是超過半小時，用（60﹣分鐘）+to+(小時+1)，如：6:55he+年的復(fù)數(shù)，表示年代；inone’s+逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示在“幾十來歲”。PartC綜合訓(xùn)練Weuseenergytodoeverything.Energylightsourcitiesandpowersourcars,trains,planesandrockets.Itwarmsourhomes,cooksourfood,playsourmusicandmakesthepicturesonourtelevisions.Itpowersthemachinesinfactoriesandthetractors(拖拉機)onfarms.Andenergycomesfrommanyplaces.Forexample,energyfromthesun'slightdriesourclothes.Thatenergyalsohelpsplantstogrow.Plantskeepsomeofthatenergyinsideofthem.Whenadeereatsaplant,itgetsthatenergy.Itusesthatenergytolive.Ifatigereatsthatdeer,thetigerwillgetsomeofthatsameenergy.Manydifferentkindsofenergycomefromdifferentplaces,buttherearetwomaingroupswecanputenergyinto:renewable(可再生的)andnonrenewable.Renewableenergycanbeusedoverandoveragain.Itcomesfromthingslikesunlight,wind,plants,movingwaterandtheEarth'sheat.Wecanusethesethingstomakeelectricity,andwedon'thavetoworryaboutrunningoutofthem.Therewillalwaysbesunlight,therewillalwaysbewind,andtheEarthwillalwaysbehotinside.Ifweusethosesourcesforenergy,we'llneverrunout.Butwehaveenergyproblemsnowbecausewegetmostofourenergyfromnonrenewablesources.Wesaytheyarenonrenewablebecauseweareusingthemmorequicklythantheycanbemade.Mostofthesearefossilfuels(化石燃料)likeoil,naturalgasandcoal.IthastakentheEarthmillionsofyearstomakefossilfuelsfromdeadplantsandanimalsasoldasdinosaurs.Thereisnofastwaytomakefossilfuels,butweareusingthemveryquickly.Anotherkindofenergyfromnonrenewablesourcesisatomicenergy(原子能).Scientistscanbreakapartatomsofuranium(鈾)orplutoniumtogetenergy.ButthereisnotmuchuraniumorplutoniumonEarth.1.Whicharetherenewableenergysources?A.movingwater;plants;oil;atomicenergy.B.wind;sunlight;coal;naturalgas.C.movingwater;plants;wind;sunlight.D.coal;naturalgas;oil;atomicenergy.2.Theunderlinedword“powers”hastheclosestmeaningto“________”.A.breaksB.turnsC.drivesD.repairs3.Accordingtothestory,theenergyproblemwearefacingnowisthat________.A.thereisnotmuchuraniumontheearthB.weareusingournonrenewableenergysourcestooquicklyC.thereistoolittlesunlightD.theearthisnothotenoughinside4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothestory?A.Wecanmakeenergybybreakingupanything.B.Tigerseatdeertogetnaturalgas.C.Nonrenewableenergyisusedmorequicklythanitismade.D.Sunlightcanonlybeusedtodryupclothes.5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A.waystosaveenergyB.differentkindsofenergyC.waystomakeenergyD.howimportantenergyisforusPartD家庭作業(yè)一、不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞theⅠ.用恰當?shù)墓谠~a/an/the填空，如不需用冠詞，用“/”表示。1.Jimis______honestboy.Wealllikehimverymuch.2._____YellowRiveris______secondlongestriverinChina.3.—Hello,LiMing.Haveyougot_____e-mailaddress?—Oh,yes.It’sMingsmile@126.com.4.Wecan’tsee____sunatnight.5.Thereis_____appletreeinmygarden.It’sover10yearsold.6.Inhisfreetimeheoftenplays_____pianoand_____football.7.Januaryisfirstmonthoftheyear.8.Ilikespring.It’s____bestseasonoftheyear.9.MissWhiteis______unknownwriter.Shealwayshas_____bagwithher.10.______womaninapurpleskirtisBetty’smother.Ⅱ.將下列漢語句子翻譯成英語。1.他打了我的臉。2.我們應(yīng)該盡可能多地去幫助窮人。3.史密斯一家太忙了不能經(jīng)常寫信。數(shù)詞一、基數(shù)詞的寫法和讀法Ⅰ.你能用英語寫出下面的數(shù)字嗎？1.8692.1043.1,230,6184.6,666,666,666Ⅱ.單項選擇()1.Lastyear_____girlstookpartinthecompetitionbutonlyfewofthemsucceeded.A.tenmillionsB.millionsofC.tenmillionofD.tenmillionsof()2.—Canyouwritethenumberonemillion,sevenhundredandfifty-fivethousand,sixhundredandforty-six?—Yes,itis.A.1,755,646B.10,755,646C.17,055,646D.1,705,646二、考查序數(shù)詞的用法Ⅰ.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子，每空詞數(shù)不限。1.Decemberis_______(十二)monthoftheyear.2.Whydoit______(第二)time?Letmegiveyouahandthistime.3.The______(第六)questionismuchmoredifficultthanthisone.Ⅱ.單項選擇()1.—Howoldisyourson?—_______.Wehadaspe