Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定語從句關(guān)系代詞課件-高中英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊

定語從句————關(guān)系代詞你是否犯過以下的錯誤？1.Heisastudent,healwaysmeanswhathesays.(X)一個句子只有一個主語一個謂語2.That’sthebook,Ilikeit.(X)3.Heworkshard,itisafactthatweallknow.(X)那么我們該怎么辦呢？1.Heisastudent,healwaysmeanswhathesays.(X)Heisastudent;healwaysmeanswhathesays.(√)Heisastudent,

andhealwaysmeanswhathesays.(√)2.That’sthebook,Ilikeit.(X)That’sthebook;Ilikeit.(√)That’sthebook,andIlikeit.(√)3.Heworkshard,itisafactthatweallknow.(X)我們還可以怎么辦？1.Heisastudent,healwaysmeanswhathesays.(X)Heisastudent;healwaysmeanswhathesays.(√)Heisastudent,

andhealwaysmeanswhathesays.(√)少點味道Heisastudent,whoalwaysmeanswhathesay.定語從句定語從句，一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞后（先行詞）進(jìn)行修飾限定，所以叫做定語從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語成分。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞所有格關(guān)系副詞定語從句之關(guān)系代詞初步感知關(guān)系代詞有連接詞的功能，可以用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。Heisamanwhoalwaysmeanswhathesays.關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句That'sthebookwhichIlike.關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句Heworkshard,whichisafactthatweallknow.關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句Heisaboywhomeveryoneloves.關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞的種類及其功能代替人時，主格用who(在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語)，賓格用whom(在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作賓語);代替事物時，主格或賓格均用which;代替整個句子時，主格或賓格均用which.關(guān)系代詞主格賓格代替人whowhom代替事物whichwhich代替整個句子whichwhich關(guān)系代詞使用三原則關(guān)系代詞之前要有先行詞（即表人或事物的名詞）；關(guān)系代詞在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中要作主語、賓語或表語；否則關(guān)系代詞之前一定要有介詞。一一驗證(1)Heisamanwhoalwaysmeanswhathesays.Heisaman.Healwaysmeanswhathesays.(√)Heisaman,healwaysmeanswhathesays.(X)Heisamanhealwaysmeanswhathesays.(X)Heisaman()alwaysmeanswhathesays.Heisamanwhoalwaysmeanswhathesays.(√)在本例中，who這前有先行詞aman，who在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語，其后有動詞means,故屬正確的用法。一一驗證(2)Heisaboywhomeveryoneloves.Heisaboy.Everyoneloveshim.(√)Heisaboy,everyoneloveshim.(X)Heisaboy,everyoneloveshim.(X)Heisaboy,everyoneloves().Heisaboy,everyoneloveswhom.(X)Heisaboywhomeveryoneloves.(√)在本例中，whom這前有先行詞aboy，whom在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作賓語，其后有動詞loves,故屬正確的用法。一一驗證(3)That'sthebookwhichIlike.That'sthebook.Ilikeit.(√)That'sthebook,Ilikeit.(X)That'sthebook,Ilikeit.(X)That'sthebook,Ilike().That'sthebookwhichIlike.(√)在本例中，which這前有先行詞thebook，which在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作賓語，其后有動詞like,故屬正確的用法。一一驗證(4)Heworkshard,whichisafactthatweallknow.Heworkshard.

Itisafactthatweallknow.(√)Heworkshard,itisafactthatweallknow.(X)Heworkshard,itisafactthatweallknow.(X)Heworkshard,()isafactthatweallknow.Heworkshard,whichisafactthatweallknow.(√)在本例中，which代替heworkshard這件事，which在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語，其后有動詞is,故屬正確的用法。一一驗證(5)HeisamanforwhomIenjoyworking.Heisaman.Ienjoyworkingforhim.(√)Heisaman,Ienjoyworkingforhim.(X)Heisaman,Ienjoyworkingforhim.(X)HeisamanIenjoyworkingfor().HeisamanIenjoyworkingforwhom.(X)HeisamanwhomIenjoyworkingfor.HeisamanforwhomIenjoyworking.(√)在本例中，whom這前有先行詞aman，whom在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作賓語，其后有動詞means,故屬正確的用法。注意有些固定的短語動詞（即兩個或三個詞形成的短語，視作一個完整的動詞，如：“動詞+介詞”、“動詞+名詞+介詞”），在定語從句中出現(xiàn)時，不宜將介詞置關(guān)系代詞之前，以保持該動詞的完整性。例：payattentionto...注意callon...拜訪takeover...接管getridof.....擺脫例子1.Thisisaquestiontowhich

youshouldpayattention.（劣）→Thisisaquestion(which)youshouldpayattentionto.(佳)2.ThemanonwhomIcalledyesterdayismyteacher.(X)→Theman(whom)Icalledonyesterdayismyteacher.(√)牛刀小試1.Heisagoodstudent()studieshard.A.whoB.whichC.whom2.Heisaboy()everyoneloves.A.whoB.whichC.whom3.Thisisaproblem()weshouldsolverightaway.A.whoB.whichC.whom4.Thehouse________weliveisverybig.

live為不及物動詞，不能直接加賓語。inwhich牛刀小試這是我昨天看到的男孩?！@是男孩（主謂表）Thisistheboy.→我昨天看到的（定語，修辭名詞theboy）Isawyesterday由于這個定語是一個完整的句子，就將它變成定語從句ThisistheboywhomIsawyesterday.→ThisistheboyIsawyesterday.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句請問下面兩個句子有區(qū)別嗎？1.Thisismymotherwholovesmeverymuch.2.Thisismymother,wholovesmeverymuch.例句一，這是我那位很愛我的媽媽。本句暗示還有一位或數(shù)位媽媽不是那么愛我。例句二，這是我媽媽，她很愛我。因此，從表達(dá)上講，例句二準(zhǔn)確。非限制性定語從句先行詞為專有名詞（如Tom,John,Africa）及獨一性名詞，如father(爸爸只有一個)，mother(媽媽只有一個)，之后若接關(guān)系代詞所引導(dǎo)的定語從句時，該關(guān)系代詞之前一定要置逗號。這種定語從句就叫非限制性定語從句。換言之，專有句詞或獨一性名詞本身就具有特殊性，不必再用定語從句加以限定。翻譯成中文時，按順序譯出來。1.ImetJohn,whoismyclassmate.我遇到約翰，他是我的同班同學(xué)。2.HehasjustcomebackfromNewYork,whichisaverybigcityintheUnitedStates.他剛從紐約回來，那是美國的一座大城市。3.That'smyonlyson,whoisattendingcollegenow.那是我的獨子，他正在念大學(xué)。4.Iwenttothetrainstationthismorning,whichwascrowdedwithpassengers.我今早去火車站，車站里擠滿了旅客。注意：此處的thetrainstation指的是說者或聽者都知道的那個火車站，故視為獨一性名詞，之后的定語從句采用非限制性從句限制性定語從句先行詞為一般名詞且本身并未具有特殊性，可用定語從句加以限制，以加強(qiáng)其特殊性。限制性定語從句，將之譯成“...的”，其關(guān)系代詞前不置逗號。翻譯先譯定語從句，再譯先行詞。1.Heisaboywhoworkshard.他是位很用功的男孩。在本例句中，who之前無逗號，故為限制性定語從句，先譯從句whoworkshard(用功的)，再譯先行詞boy.2.Ilikethebookwhichheboughtyesterday.我喜歡他昨天買的那本書。練習(xí)1.Heisagoodboywhostudieshard.Heisagoodboy,whostudieshard.他是個用功的好孩子。他是個好孩子，很用功。2.Ilikethatgoodbookwhichheboughtyesterday.Ilikethatgoodbook,whichheboughtyestersay.我喜歡他昨天買的那本好書。我喜歡那本好書，那是他昨天買的。補(bǔ)充知識點：that亦可作關(guān)系代詞that亦可當(dāng)作關(guān)系代詞，取代who,whom或which.1.Ilikethegirlwhoissittingthere.Ilikethegirlthatissittingthere.2.Heisamanwhomweallrespect.Heisamanthatweallresect.3.Ilikethebookwhichheboughtyesterday.Ilikethebookthatheboughtyesterday.that取代who,whom或which的條件1.that之前不準(zhǔn)有逗號，換言之，that僅出現(xiàn)在限制性定語從句中。例如：Ilikethatgirlwho/thatissittingthere.(√)Ilikethatgirl,thatcomeshereeveryMonday.(X)Ilikethatgirl,whocomeshereeveryMonday.(√)2.that之前亦不可有介詞ThisistheknifewiththathekilledMary.(X)ThisistheknifewithwhichhekilledMary.(√)Thisistheknifewhich/thathekilledMarywith.(√)inthat（不是定語從句，是狀語從句）因為Shewasfortunateinthatshehadfriendstohelpher.她很幸運(yùn)，有一些朋友幫助她。只能使用關(guān)系代詞that的情況1.序數(shù)詞后序數(shù)詞：thefirst/second/lastGamblingisthelastthingwhichIwoulddo.(X)GamblingisthelastthingthatIwoulddo.(√)

賭博是我最不愿做的一件事

練習(xí)：Hewasthefirstmanwhocameupwithsuchanidea.只能使用關(guān)系代詞that的情況2.最高級之后HeisthebeststudentwhomI'veevertaught.(X)HeisthebeststudentthatI'veevertaught.(√)他是我教過最好的學(xué)生。練習(xí)ThemostbeautifulscenewhichI'veeverseenisGuilin.只能使用關(guān)系代詞that的情況3.thevery+名詞very為形容詞，是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)用法，之前一定置定冠詞the.Heistheveryman