tpo1-34解析包中含審核后題目可作為權(quán)威真題-閱讀翻譯29reading

CharacteristicsofRomanThepotteryofancientRomansisremarkableinseveralways.ThehighqualityofRomanpotteryisveryeasytoappreciatewhenhandlingactualpiecesoftablewareorindeedkitchenwareandamphorae(thelargejarsusedthroughouttheMediterraneanforthetransportandstorageofliquids,suchaswineandoil).However,itisimpossibletodojusticetoRomanwaresonthepage,evenwhenwordscanbebackedupbyphotographsanddrawing.MostRomanpotteryislightandsmoothtotouchandverytough,although,likeallpottery,itshattersifdroppedonahardsurface.Itisgenerallymadewithcarefullyselectedandpurifiedclay,workedtothin-walledandstandardizedshapesonafastwheelandfiredinakiln(potteryoven)capableofensuringaconsistentfinish.Withhandmadepottery,inevitablythereareslightdifferencesbetweenindividualvesselsofthesamedesignandoccasionalminorblemishes(flaws).ButwhatstrikestheeyeandthetouchmostimmediayandmostpowerfullywithRomanpotteryisitsconsistenthighquality. 或酒或油之類液體的大型陶罐）時， 快速旋轉(zhuǎn)的圓盤上制成壁薄而形狀標(biāo)準的坯子，然后放入陶器窯結(jié)，并確保Thisisnotjustanaestheticconsiderationbutalsoapracticalone.Thesearesolid(brittle,butnotfragile),theyarepleasantandeasytohandle(beinglightandsmooth),and,withtheirhardandsometimesglossy(smoothandshiny)surfaces,holdliquidswellandareeasytowash.Furthermore,theirregularandstandardizedshapeswouldhavemadethemsimpletostackandstore.WhenpeopletodayareshownaveryordinaryRomanpotand,inparticular,areallowedtohandleit,theyoftencommentonhowmodernitlooksandfeels,andtheyneedtobeconvincedofitstrueage.于很難相信其實際。AsimpressiveasthequalityofRomanpotteryisitssheermassiveWhenconsideringties,wewouldideallyliketohavesomeestimatesforoverallproductionfromparticularsitesofpotterymanufactureandforoverallconsumptionatspecificsettlements.Unfortunay,itisinthenatureofthearchaeologicalevidence,whichisalmostinvariablyonlyasampleofwhatonceexisted,thatsuchfigureswillalwaysbeelusive.However,noonewhohaseverworkedinthefieldwouldquestiontheabundanceofRomanpottery,particularlyintheMediterraneanregion.ThisabundanceisnotableinRomansettlements(especiallyurbansites)wherethelaborthatarchaeologistshavetoputintothewashingandsortingofpotsherds(fragmentsofpottery)constitutesahighproportionofthetotalworkduringtheinitialphasesof和其高質(zhì)量一樣讓人印象深刻的是羅馬陶器的巨大的數(shù)量。當(dāng)確定數(shù)量時，我們常喜歡去評估某一陶器生產(chǎn)地點生產(chǎn)陶器的總量以及某地居民對陶器的消。陶器數(shù)量之多在羅馬人區(qū)（尤其是城市遺址動力去和整理陶器碎片。Onlyrarelycanwederiveany“real”tiesfromdepositsofbrokenHowever,thereisoneexceptionaldump,whichdoesrepresentaverylargepartofthesite’stotalhistoryofconsumptionandforwhichanestimateoftyhasbeenproduced.OntheleftbankoftheTiberRiverinRome,byoneoftheriverportsoftheancientcity,isasubstantialhillsome50metershighcalledMonteTestaccio.Itismadeupentirelyofbrokenoilamphorae,mainlyofthesecondandthirdA.D.IthasbeenestimatedthatMonteTestacciocontainstheremainsofsome53millionamphorae,inwhicharound6,000millionlitersofoilwereimportedintothecityfromoverseas.ImportsintoimperialRomeweresupportedbythefullmightofthestateandwerethereforequiteexceptional——butthesizeoftheoperationsatMonteTestaccio,andtheproductivityandcomplexitythatlaybehindthem,nonethelesscannotfailtoimpress.Thiswasasocietywithsimilaritiestomodernonemovinggoodsonagiganticscale,manufacturinghigh-qualitycontainerstoso,andoccasionally,ashere,evendiscardingthemon馬第伯爾河左岸上一座古代城市碼頭的旁邊有一座約50Monte山上約有5300萬只油罐并由此從海口了約6億升的油。向羅馬進口貨MonteTestaccio的制Romanpotterywastransportednotonlyin tiesbutalsosubstantialdistances.ManyRomanpots,inparticularamphoraeandthefinewaresdesignedforuseattables,couldtravelhundredsofallovertheMediterraneanandalsofurtherafield.ButmapsthatshowthevariousspotswhereRomanpotteryofaparticulartypehasbeenfoundlonlypartofthestory.Whatismoresignificantthananygeographicalspreadistheaccessthatdifferentlevelsofsocietyhadtogood-qualitypro