高考語法首課

by孫煥奐高考英語利劍（一）

--語法結(jié)構(gòu)1）信息量方面：新三有效讀完or中級(jí)口譯考試通過優(yōu)秀高中水平=？？？高考語法班的定義2）應(yīng)試方面：對(duì)于高中的考試思路有全面的了解3）詞匯量：4000以上4）語法掌握：英語所有常用的語法要點(diǎn)（修辭性語法除外）初中生學(xué)“高考語法班”的目的在這里，邁向成為英語達(dá)人的關(guān)鍵一步！123為名校自主招生考試打好堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)為英語競(jìng)賽生打好堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)真正把英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析做好為口譯等能力考試打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)你應(yīng)對(duì)英語考試的三大法寶？語感？錯(cuò)題考前反復(fù)看？題海操練？語感有木有？語感夠不夠？語感可靠嗎？會(huì)不會(huì)一再錯(cuò)？落入同樣的陷阱n次？知其然而不知其所以然說的是不是你？初中開始做高中題，高一開始做高考題的有木有？Whathappenedin2005and2011?評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得分內(nèi)容正確，語法基本正確2分內(nèi)容基本正確，語法正確或雖有錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解1分內(nèi)容錯(cuò)誤0分30題語法題16題語法詞匯題20題英語高考改革2005

英語高考新題型增加2011：簡(jiǎn)答題8分（每題2分）題型改革意味著什么？淡化語法從知識(shí)考查向能力考查轉(zhuǎn)變淡化語法

=不用學(xué)語法？語法題考得少而精淡化語法從知識(shí)考查向能力考查轉(zhuǎn)變針對(duì)中學(xué)語法題講太多的現(xiàn)象；加強(qiáng)交際和實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力。語法是語言的框架。閱讀能力和寫作能力都需要很高的語法水平。越是不考語法，出的語法題就越需要邏輯性和代表性。這樣才能考出整個(gè)中學(xué)六年的語法基礎(chǔ)。各題型的語法直接得分項(xiàng)翻譯部分（3+4+4+4+5=20分）語法選擇題（16分）寫作部分（25分）評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：每題中，單詞拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、大小寫錯(cuò)誤，累計(jì)每?jī)商幙?分；語法錯(cuò)誤每處扣一分（同類錯(cuò)誤不累計(jì)扣分）；譯文沒用所給單詞，扣1分。其中內(nèi)容10分，語言10分，組織結(jié)構(gòu)5分）--注意，語言低于7分的人，組織結(jié)構(gòu)分不超過3分1. 【考介詞】Graduationisagoodtimetothankthosewhohavehelpedyou________thetoughyears.A.through B.up C.with D.from2. 【考代詞】Tostayawake,hefinishedacupofcoffeeandordered________.A.theother B.other C.theothers D.another3. 【考非謂語】It'snouse________withouttakinganyaction.A.complain B.complaining C.beingcomplained D.tobecomplained2011高考語法真題一瞥4. 【考情態(tài)】I________worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.A.can't B.mustn't C.daren't D.needn't5. 【考限定詞】WhenMornlookedbackontheearlydaysoftheirmarriage,shewonderedhowtheyhadmanagedwith________money.A.sofew B.suchfew C.solittle D.suchlittle6. 【考反義疑問】Itdoesn'tmatteriftheywanttocometoyourparty,________?A.doesn'tit B.doesit C.don'tthey D.dothey7. 【考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)】Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteam________fourdayslater.A.rescued B.wasrescued C.hasrescued D.hadbeenrescued8. 【考非謂語】Therarefish,________fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.A.saved B.saving C.tobesaved D.havingsaved9. 【考非謂語】AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,________thathecoulddonothingtohelp.A.torealize B.realized C.realizing D.beingrealized10.【考時(shí)態(tài)】Didyoupredictthatmanystudents________upforthedancecompetition?A.wouldsign B.signed C.havesigned D.hadsigned11.【考名詞性從句】Thereisclearevidence________themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.A.what B.if C.how D.that12.【考狀語從句】Ifalotofpeoplesayafilmisnotgood,Iwon'tbothertoseeit,orI'llwait________itcomesoutonDVD.A.whether B.after C.though D.until13. 【考狀語從句】Thepoliceofficersinourcityworkhard________therestofuscanliveasafelife.A.incaseB.asifC.inorderthatD.onlyif14. 【考代詞】Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof________othersactuallyunderstand.A.why B.that C.which D.what15. 【考定從】You'llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation________youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.which B.where C.when D.as16. 【考非謂語】Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,e-mailing...butweseem________theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losing B.tobelosing C.tobelost D.havinglost1.你為什么不在網(wǎng)上訂票呢？(why)(考反問）Whydon’tyoubookticketsonline?/Whynotbookticketsonline?2.我常把王海誤作為他的雙胞胎弟弟，因?yàn)樗麄冮L(zhǎng)得太像了。(mistake)（考狀語）IoftenmistakeWanghaiforhistwinbrotherbecausetheylooksosimilar.3.對(duì)父母而言，沒有什么能與孩子的身心健康相比。(compare)（考情態(tài)）Asforparents,nothingcanbecomparedwiththeirchildren’sphysicalandmentalhealth.2011年高考翻譯真題4.自從出國(guó)留學(xué)后，她就不再和我們保持聯(lián)系了。(nolonger)（考狀語，時(shí)態(tài)）Sinceshestudiedabroad,shehasnolongerkeptintouchwithus./Nolongerhasshekeptintouchwithussinceshestudiedabroad.5.如果能找到任何適合你的學(xué)習(xí)方法，你的學(xué)習(xí)效率就可能明顯提高。(whatever)（考狀語、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、定語從句）Whateverlearningmethodthatsuitsyoucanbefound,yourlearningefficiencymaybeimprovedsignificantly.時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)三大從句（名從、定從、狀從）非謂語以上三個(gè)占到6成或以上的考題虛擬語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝、主謂一致、代詞、介詞等小語法點(diǎn)Hence高考語法班重點(diǎn)語法美好語法，

從句子基本成分開始不得不了解的句子基本成分Types:123456789復(fù)習(xí)句子成分Iteach

English.主謂賓Iam

ateacher.

主系表動(dòng)詞分為系動(dòng)詞普通動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞be(am,is

,

are,was

,

were)look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,become,turn,get,remain,go,grow…..表語是什么？—系動(dòng)詞后面的東東有什么用？——說明主語的狀態(tài)，特征，性質(zhì)名詞性從句的分類Types:123456789當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語

用一個(gè)句子表達(dá)時(shí)名詞性從句匯總：4種1）主語從句Thatheisaliveisamiracle.2）賓語從句ItoldhimthatIlovedhim.3）表語從句ThereasonwhyIleftisthatIwastiredofthelifehere.4）同位語從句Thefactthatheishersoncan'tbechanged,nomatterhowmuchhehatesher.定語的復(fù)習(xí)Types:123456789定語是什么？——“的”

asweet

apple

前置定語，結(jié)構(gòu)和中文一樣TheapplewhichAdamandEvastoleisasymbolof"desire".定語里面含有動(dòng)詞，以定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)后置在名詞后，與中文結(jié)構(gòu)不同。定語從句概念復(fù)習(xí)狀語的分類Types:123456789一起來找狀語Iusuallygetupatten.Heisplayingatschoolhappily.

Hegoestoschoolbybus.WhenIwasabouttoleave,heknockedmydoor.Theboxisveryheavysothatnobodycanmoveit.Ifyouarenottootired,let'sgooutforawalk.9種必學(xué)狀語1.時(shí)間狀語2.讓步狀語3.原因狀語4.目的狀語 5.結(jié)果狀語6.條件狀語7.比較狀語8.方式狀語9.地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間2yearsago,in1980,when,while,as,longbefore,beforelong,assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly…..when,themoment,theminute,thesecond地點(diǎn)

inShanghai,atschool,wherever…原因because,since,as,for,becauseof,dueto,thanksto,owingto條件if,onconditionthat,suppose,providingthat目的sothat,inorderthat,soasto,inorderto結(jié)果

so…..that,such….that,too..to讓步

although,though,as,while方式 as,asif頻率twiceaweek,onceamonth,annually,frequently,always非謂語動(dòng)詞的定義Types:123456789謂語動(dòng)詞VS非謂語動(dòng)詞

中文有沒有非謂語的概念我看他把手伸進(jìn)你的錢包。快速走路和慢速跑步都有利于健康。HR要求他把簡(jiǎn)歷盡快交上來。

非謂語的概念I(lǐng)sawhimreachintoyourpocket.Bothwalkingfastandjoggingaregoodforhealth.HR

askedhimtosubmithisresumeasap.

判斷句子中的非謂語Iwanttoleave.Pleaseletmeleave.Iwilldoanythingtogetoutofhere.TobecomeaCEOishis5-yearplan.Shewassittingthere,cryingsadly.Nooneenjoyslivinginsuchashabbyflat.IhavenothingtosayabouthisleavingShanghai.LivinginChinaisagoodideabutnotthebestidea.Isawhimgetintothecaranddriveaway.

三大類：不定式：todo動(dòng)名詞：doing分詞：ed，ing英語非謂語的分類非謂語的用途和功能分詞充當(dāng)句子中的形容詞和副詞功能過去分詞ed表被動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在分詞ing表主動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞ing充當(dāng)：主語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)不定式todo充當(dāng)：主語、賓語、賓補(bǔ)、狀語、定語1）復(fù)習(xí)初中語法難點(diǎn)，學(xué)完英語所有常用語法2）搞定語法選擇題和翻譯題，正確率達(dá)到90%以上3）搞定閱讀理解中的致命長(zhǎng)難句，加強(qiáng)理解能力4）寫作時(shí)會(huì)使用漂亮的長(zhǎng)句（即復(fù)合句），抓住閱卷老師的眼球高考語法班4大學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)利劍一豐富的詞匯量（高中階段>5000）利劍二

句子結(jié)構(gòu)的到位分析英語難長(zhǎng)句理解的兩把利劍超長(zhǎng)主題句，當(dāng)頭一棒：HumanremainsofancientsettlementswillbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalawthatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,agroupofleadingarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)says.應(yīng)對(duì)方法：1）找出長(zhǎng)主語2）找出謂語動(dòng)詞3）分析that是什么從句（注意，關(guān)注連詞和主語是判斷難長(zhǎng)句的第一步）2011閱讀，有人考完這篇就哭了？Humanremainsofancientsettlements

willbereburiedandlosttoscienceunderalaw（thatthreatensresearchintothehistoryofhumansinBritain,）agroupofleadingarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)says.

一起來分析結(jié)構(gòu)

一起來嘗試翻譯翻譯的目的是為了什么？英國(guó)的一些著名的考古學(xué)家說：因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)法律規(guī)定，古代人類骨骸將被再次掩埋從而無法進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。這項(xiàng)法律規(guī)定會(huì)威脅到英國(guó)對(duì)于古代人類的研究。參考譯文ItcentresonthelawintroducedbyMinistryofJusticein2008whichrequiresallhumanremainsunearthedinEnglandandWalestobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardlessoftheirage.1）括號(hào)劃出定從和分詞做定語2）找出主語3）找出謂語動(dòng)詞4）加強(qiáng)對(duì)句子主干內(nèi)容的理解，排除非主干生詞帶來的困擾第一段的又一個(gè)難句，郁悶ing

Itcentresonthelaw（

定語1introducedbyMinistryofJusticein2008）（定語2whichrequiresallhumanremains

unearthedinEnglandandWales（內(nèi)嵌分詞做定語）tobereburiedwithintwoyears,regardlessoftheir（指什么？）age.一起來分析爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn)在于一條司法部于2008年制定的法律，該法律規(guī)定在英國(guó)和威爾士挖出的所有人類骨骸，不管歷史多久，都要在2年內(nèi)重新掩埋。參考譯文 "Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthedhumanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorfurtherspecialextension,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice,"theywrite.1）找出主干2）that從句性質(zhì)判斷3）whether部分含義判斷4）分詞做定語判斷第二段的又一個(gè)難句，郁悶ing"Yourcurrentrequirementthatallarchaeologicallyunearthed（過去分詞，前置定語）humanremainsshouldbereburied,whetherafterastandardperiodoftwoyearsorfurtherspecialextension（紅色that從句是同位語，藍(lán)色whether...or是狀語部分）,iscontrarytobasicprinciplesofarchaeologicalandscientificresearchandofmuseumpractice,"theywrite.嘗試翻譯該句，理清思路一起來分析他們寫道“你們當(dāng)前的要求是：所有考古挖掘出來的人類骨骸，都必須被重新掩埋，時(shí)限是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的兩年之內(nèi)或是在特別申請(qǐng)的延長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)?？墒沁@樣的做法和考古學(xué)以及科學(xué)研究、博物館研究的基本原則是違背的?！眳⒖甲g文Thelawappliestoanypiecesofboneuncoveredataround400digsites,includingtheremainsof60orsobodiesfoundatStonehengein2008thatdatebackto3,000BC.1）分析主干2）分析分詞用法，有幾個(gè)？3）分析that從句用法看到這句，眼圈發(fā)紅Thelawappliestoanypiecesofbone（uncoveredataround400digsites）,（includingtheremainsof60orsobodies）（foundatStonehengein2008）（thatdatebackto3,000BC）.四層定語，含三個(gè)分詞，一個(gè)定從一個(gè)專有名詞Stonehenge需要一定的背景知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)分析這個(gè)法律適用于在大約400個(gè)遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)的所有骨骸，包括在2008年于巨石陣發(fā)現(xiàn)的60具左右的遺骸。巨石陣的歷史可以追溯到公元前3000年。參考譯文ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.1)劃出主干2）找出所有定語成分看到這里，飆淚 ...ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,(wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetools)(madebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago).嘗試翻譯成中文（可以參考下文）句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析ThearrangementsmayresultinthewasteoffuturediscoveriesatsitessuchasHappisburghinNorfolk,wherediggingiscontinuingafterthediscoveryofstonetoolsmadebyearlyhumans950,000yearsago.IfhumanremainswerefoundatHappisburgh,theywouldbetheoldestinnorthernEuropeandthefirstindicationofwhatthisspecieswas.Underthecurrentpracticeofthelawthoseremainswouldhavetoberebuffedandeffectivelydestroyed.根據(jù)上下文翻譯該句參考譯文這種安排可能導(dǎo)致將來在一些遺址考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的浪費(fèi)，比如在紐?？说墓な腊兀@里自發(fā)現(xiàn)了95萬年前早期人類制造的石頭工具以后，考古挖掘一直沒有停止。Before2008,guidelinesallowedfortheproperpreservationandstudyofbonesofsufficientageandhistoricalinterest,whiletheBurialAct1857appliedtomorerecentremains.看到這里，開始放棄 ...結(jié)構(gòu)分析Before2008,guidelinesallowedfortheproperpreservationandstudyofbonesofsufficientageandhistoricalinterest,whiletheBurialAct1857appliedtomorerecentremains.參考譯文2008年前，法律規(guī)定允許（考古學(xué)）進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo(hù)、研究年代久遠(yuǎn)有歷史意義的骨骸，而1857號(hào)法案適用于更近期的骨骸（的考古活動(dòng)）。1）復(fù)習(xí)初中語法難點(diǎn)，學(xué)完英語所有常用語法2）搞定語法選擇題和翻譯題，正確率達(dá)到90%以上3）搞定閱讀理解中的致命長(zhǎng)難句，加強(qiáng)理解能力4）寫作時(shí)會(huì)使用漂亮的長(zhǎng)句（即復(fù)合句），抓住閱卷老師的眼球高考語法班4大學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)高考語法VS出國(guó)考試SAT語法改錯(cuò)1.Thetigera(usually)huntsbynightandb(feedson)avarietyofanimals,c(butit)prefersfairlylargepreyd(suchas)deerandwildpigs.e(Noerror)

AnswerChoices(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考語法VS出國(guó)考試SAT語法改錯(cuò)2.Thecredita(formaking)FranzKafkainternationallyfamousb(asawriter)belongstohisfriend,novelistMaxBrod,c(which)despiteKafka’sdyingwishes,editedKafka’sunpublishedmanuscriptsandthend(hadthempublished).e(Noerror)

AnswerChoices(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考語法VS出國(guó)考試SAT語法改錯(cuò)3.Althoughthenumberofbooksa(writtenin)Africanlanguagesb(aregrowing),manyAfricanwritersc(find)alargeraudienced(forworks)writteninPortugueseorEnglish.e(Noerror)

(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考語法VS出國(guó)考試SAT語法改錯(cuò)

4.Moststatesa(have)variouslevelsoffootballcompetitioninb(their)highschoolssothatschoolswithc(similar)numbersofstudentscompeteonlyagainstd(them).e(Noerror)

(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考語法VS出國(guó)考試SAT語法改錯(cuò)5.Amongthea(earliest)telescopesb(were)Galileantelescopes,modeledafterthesimpleinstrumentsc(builtby)Galileo,thefirstpersond(havingused)telescopestostudythestarsandplanets.e(Noerror)

AnswerChoices(A)A(B)B(C)C(D)D(E)E高考語法VS出國(guó)考試SAT語法改錯(cuò)

6.Encourageda(from)herteacher,