大學英語等級考試寫作技巧

英語四、六級寫作一、英語四六級寫作的測試形式二、各種測試形式的寫作方法三、一種簡便的寫作方法四、其他應試技巧五、一種簡便的寫長段落的方法六、議論文寫作一、英語四、六級寫作的測試形式

1、規(guī)定情景作文

2、根據(jù)關鍵詞寫短文

3、看圖表作文4、書信

1、規(guī)定情景作文

即提綱式作文例如：

ShouldFirecrackersbeBanned?

提綱:（1）有人認為放鞭炮是好事，為什么？

（2）有人認為放鞭炮是壞事，為什么？

（3）我的看法。2.根據(jù)關鍵詞寫短文例如：

WeHaveOnlyOneWorldKeywordsandexpressions:industry，pollution，destroy，problem，notvalue，continue，regret，realize，resultfrom，necessary，effectivemeasure.3.看圖表作文例如：

ChangesinPeople’sDiet

Food/Year19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitandVegetables24%22%20%20%21%

Outlines:(1)Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.(2)Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.(3)Drawyourownconclusions4.書信

ALettertoaSchoolmate提綱：1.表示歡迎2.提出對度假安排的建議3.提醒應注意的事項又如：ALettertotheUniversityPresidentAbouttheCanteenServiceonCampusYoushouldwriteatleast100words，andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.假設你是李明，請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信，內(nèi)容應涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價格、環(huán)境服務等?？梢允潜頁P，可以是批評建議，也可以兼而有之。

二、各種測試形式的寫作方法規(guī)定情景作文方法1、規(guī)定情景作文的方法:若為中文提綱---把每段的中文提綱提煉成一個有主謂結構的英文主題句---對主題句進行續(xù)寫。若提綱為英語短語---把短語分別擴充為一個結構完整的主題句---對主題句進行續(xù)寫。例如：規(guī)定情景作文方法ShouldFirecrackersbeBanned?

提綱:（1）有人認為放鞭炮是好事，為什么？

（2）有人認為放鞭炮是壞事，為什么？

（3）我的看法。（1）Somepeoplethinklettingofffirecrakersisagoodthing.(2)Butmanypeople,ontheotherhand,believethatlettingofffirecrackersshouldbebanned.(3)Inmyopinion,lettingofffirecrackersshouldbebanned.

LettingofffirecrackershaslongbeenacustomfortheChineseontheirhappyoccasions.However,theseyears,peopleinChinahavedifferentopinionsaboutthecustom.

Somepeoplethinklettingofffirecrakersisagoodthing.ItreflectstheheritageofChineseculture.AnditaddsmuchtothewarmatmosphereofthemostimportantChineseholidays—theSpringFestival.Peoplrcan’timaginewhattheholidayswouildbelikewithoutsuchacustom.

Butmanypeople,ontheotherhand,believethatlettingofffirecrackersshouldbebanned.Themainreasons,intheireyes,arethatlettingofffirecrackersnotonluybringgreateconomiclosstothecountry,butalsocausescertaindisorderinthesociety.Forexample,duringholiday,somebuildingsareburnttoashesduetothefirecrackers.Andmanypersonsareinjuredintheireyesorontheirfacesbythefirecrakersandsenttohospital.

Inmyopinion,lettingofffirecrackersshouldbebanned.Wemusttryourbesttofindnew,beneficialwaystoreplacetheoldcustom.Onlyinthisway,canwespendourholidayinapeacefulandjoyfulmanner.根據(jù)關鍵詞作文法2.根據(jù)關鍵詞寫短文是把所給出的關鍵詞連詞造句，連句成段，連段成篇。提供關鍵詞實際上等于提供不完整的主題句和發(fā)展句?？忌灰酝高@些詞的關系，分清屬于主題句的關鍵詞和屬于發(fā)展句的關鍵詞，文章就好寫。段落也自然得以正確的劃分。根據(jù)關鍵詞作文法但應該注意：表達時不要打亂所給詞的先后順序，必須按原順序依次組句，而且所給詞必須全部用上。為了使文章銜接，可以加進并不包含所給的詞的句子。如果關鍵詞是按段給的，寫起來就更為簡單。段首句就是所給的第一個詞或前幾個詞組成的句子。如測試形式2)可寫成下列三段：測試題2例如：

WeHaveOnlyOneWorldKeywordsandexpressions:industry，pollution，destroy，problem，notvalue，continue，regret，realize，resultfrom，necessary，effectivemeasure.根據(jù)關鍵詞作文法Keywordsandexpressions:industry，pollution，destroy，problem，notvalue，continue，regret，realize，resultfrom，necessary，effectivemeasure.

Whenindustriesgrow，pollution

problems

grow.Protectingtheenvironmentshouldberegardedasaveryimportantthing.Ifwedon’t，thenwewilldestroyouronlyworld.

Ourpollutionproblemsaremanybecausewedidnotvaluetheenvironmentuntilrecently.Thereisanoldsayingthatgoes，“Youdon’tknowwhatyouhaveuntilit’sgone.”Ifwecontinuetopollute，wewillregretitsloss.根據(jù)關鍵詞作文法Mankindmustrealizetheconsequencesresultingfrompollution.Itisnecessarytoprotectournaturalenvironment.Wemustbeginnowtoadopteffectivemeasures.Onlybydoingthis,canweprotectouronlyworld.看圖表作文法3、看圖表作文首先應當把中、英文提綱提煉成段落的主題句，再對主題句進行續(xù)寫。

第一段：概述圖表的內(nèi)容或含義;

第二段:原因分析

第三段:評論或看法。（第二第三段的內(nèi)容要具體情況具體分析）如測試形式2的看圖表作文可以這樣寫：3.看圖表作文例如：

ChangesinPeople’sDiet

Food/Year19861987198819891990Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%FruitandVegetables24%22%20%20%21%

Outlines:(1)Statethechangesinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.(2)Givepossiblereasonsforthechanges.(3)Drawyourownconclusions看圖表作文法

ChangesinPeople’sDiet

Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy，somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’s

diet.Fromthetablelistedabove，wecanseethatpeopleeatmoremeatanddrinkmoremilkthantheyusedtodo.Ontheotherhand，peopleconsumelessgrain，fruitandvegetablesnowthaninthepast.看圖表作文法

Therearesomereasonsforthechangesinpeople’sdiet.First，economyhasdevelopedveryquickly，therefore，peoplearewellpaidandhaveenoughmoneytobuywhattheylike.Second，moreandmorepeoplethinkthatdietisveryimportanttotheirhealth.Sotheyeatmorenourishingfoodsuchasmilkandmeat.看圖表作文法

Inmyopinion，bothmilkandmeatareimportanttoourhealth，however，toomuchrichfoodwillcausesomeproblems.Peopleshouldmaintainabalancediet.書信寫法4、書信書信是一種文體，從測試形式來說，它屬于規(guī)定情景作文，因為它給出了段落提綱。如：ALettertoaSchoolmate提綱：1.表示歡迎2.提出對度假安排的建議3.提醒應注意的事項例如：

Dec.2,2011DearXiaoWang,Iamgladyouwillhaveachancetovisitmyhometownduringtheholiday.Allmyfamilyarepreparingforyourcoming,andwearewaitinganxiouslyforyourarrival.Asyouknow,Nanjingisacityofancienthistory,beautifulsceneryandvarietiesoftraditionalfood,therefore,wewillhavealottododuringyoustayhere.YoumayhaveashortrestuponyourarrivalHere.Thenwewillspendthreedaysvisitingtheplacesofhistoricalinterestsandscenicspots.IamsureyouwillbedeeplyimpressedbyZhongshanScenicArea.WemayspendanotherdayvisitingConfuciusTemple.ItbecomesacommercialcenterwhereyoucannotonlybuysomesouvenirsbutalsotastethefamousNanjingfood.Ifwestillhavetime,

Isuggestyoucometoseemyuniversityandmeetmyclassmates.Theyallknowaboutyouandtheyareeasytomakefriendswith.Nanjingisveryhotduringthisseason,sodotakecareofyourselfduringthetrip.Don’tforgetmyaddress:Dept.303,Building12,PhoenixGarden.Wishingeverythingisallrightwithyourtrip.Yourstruly,ZhangLin

書信寫法又如：ALettertotheUniversityPresidentAbouttheCanteenServiceonCampusYoushouldwriteatleast100words，andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow.假設你是李明，請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信，內(nèi)容應涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價格、環(huán)境服務等。可以是表揚，可以是批評建議，也可以兼而有之。書信寫法寫作思路：第一部分：點明寫信的目的。第二部分：分列出諸個問題。注意在問題之后加上進一步解釋表明問題的嚴重性及具體狀況。第三部分：提出解決問題的希望。書信寫法

January12th,2010DearMr.President,I’mveryluckytoattendthisworld-famousuniversity,butI’mafraidthatI’mnotcontentwiththecanteenserviceoncampus.Firstly,thequalityofthedishesshouldbeimproved.Undoubtedly,therearealotofdeliciousdishes,butalltheyear,theyarethesame.Moreandmorestudentsarecomplainingabouteatingthesamefoodeachday.SoIthinkthemosturgentproblemisvariety.書信寫法

Second,theenvironmentissonoisythatwecan’tenjoyourmealsingoodmood.Isuggestthattherebesomesoftmusictohelpusrelax.Thosepresentedsuggestionsarenotjustofmyown,butalsoofmanyotherstudents.Wehopeourdearpresidentwilltakeoursuggestionsintoconsideration.書信寫法

Bytheway,thecanteenworkersareverypatientandalwayssmiling.SoIthinkifouruniversityoffersthembetterconditions,theywillofferusbetterservice.Bestwishes,Yourssincerely,LiMing

三、一種簡便的寫作方法——緊扣致力點法

緊扣致力點(controllingidea)法

段落=主題句+擴展句+概括句主題句=主題(topic)+致力點

主題是指所談論的人或事物;

致力點決定著段落主題展開的趨勢和范圍。例如：

緊扣致力點(controllingidea)法

主題句（1）：ThereareseveralreasonswhyIhavebeenunhappysinceIcametotheU.S..主題句（2）：Therearefourseparatestagesinmakingbread.

緊扣致力點(controllingidea)法

主題句（3）：TheAmericancarofthe1980sisquitedifferentfromitsoldmodels.（如：汽車的體積/大小、重量和節(jié)能情況等之間的差別）

緊扣致力點(controllingidea)法

主題句（4）:Thetraditionalfamilyofyesterdayandthemodernfamilyoftodayhaveseveralsimilarities.

緊扣致力點(controllingidea)法

緊扣致力點寫作法中的最重要的一點就是要找準主題句中的致力點。只有明白了主題句中的致力點，才能緊扣主題，展開段落，才能把中心思想和細節(jié)安排組織好。如果找錯了致力點，要寫的段落就很容易離題，因而達不到寫作的目的。試比較下面兩個段落：

緊扣致力點(controllingidea)法

1.

Medicalresearchersaftermanyyearsofstudyhaveannouncedintheirreportsthatcigarettesmokingisacauseoflungcancer.Experimentsshowthatpeoplewhohaveahistoryofheavysmokingaremuchcommonerinthegroupsufferingfromlungcancerthaninthegroupsufferingfromotherillnesses.Moreover，deathsfromlungcancerhaveincreasedalongwiththerisingofthenumberofcigarettesmokers，whiledeathratesfrommostkindsofcancerhavefalleninthepast20yearsorso.

緊扣致力點(controllingidea)法

2.Medicalresearchersaftermanyyearsofstudyhaveannouncedintheirreportsthatsmokingisacauseoflungcancer.Experimentsshowthatthetarresultingfromburningcigarettetobaccopaintedforalongtimeontotheskinofmicedoesproduceskincancerinsomeofthem，thoughnocancersappearedinacontrolgroupofmicepaintedonlywiththeacetone(丙酮)inwhichthetarwasdissolved.

緊扣致力點(controllingidea)法

又如:(1)Ihadaterriblemorningtoday.(2)IsleptsolatethatIdidnothavetimetoeatanybreakfast.(3)Ilostmynotebookonmywaytochemistryclass.(4)Inthemiddleofclass,IdiscoveredIhadleftmyphysicsassignmentsathome.(5)Attheendofclass,theprofessorwouldnotletmegotolunchontime.(6)Ihadnotturnedinmyassignments,andhewantedtotalkoverthisproblemwithme.

四、其他應試技巧4.其他應試技巧

4.1用詞準確所謂用詞準確，就是精心選擇最確切、最恰當?shù)脑~匯，正確地反映客觀事物，貼切地表達作者的思想感情。這是運用語言最基本的要求。只有在準確的基礎上，才談得到通順、生動和簡練。

做到準確用詞可從以下三方面入手：1）了解詞與社會、歷史、文化及政治因素的關系，選詞時才能符合語言習慣并與社會文化諸多背景一致。例如supper/dinner表示“晚餐”。“dragon”usedinChinese“dragon”usedinEnglish

試譯：“亞洲四小龍”“健壯如?！薄芭ｏ嫛?）注意同義詞差異(1)同義詞的文體差異：lawenforcementofficer，policeman，thelaw，copfuzzlawenforcementofficer最為正式，常用于法律文件或專業(yè)會議；policeman屬于共核，常用于一般書面語或口語；thelaw一般用于口語；cop用于非正式場合，有時也用于不甚禮貌的言談；fuzz用于俚語，且?guī)в幸欢ǖ奈耆栊?2)同義詞的情感差異Statesman---appreciativePolitician---derogatoryLittleboy---appreciativeSmallboy---neutralTinyboy---derogatory(abnormalgrowth)(3)同義詞的習慣搭配差異：accuse，charge，rebuke，reproachaccuse…of…，charge…with…，rebuke…for…，reproach…with…或for…等。

3）注重英漢詞匯意義的對應關系?！翱磿闭`譯成*seeabookorlook(at)abook.“readabook”，“他送信給我”誤譯成*Hesentmetheletter.“Hebroughtmetheletter.”“他將送朋友去機場”誤譯成:*Hewillsendhisfriendtotheairport.“Hewillgototheairportwithhisfriendtoseehimoff.”

4.2

用詞生動形象文章的生動離不開用詞生動形象。因為詞是構筑文章的磚瓦。如果用詞平淡，文章便黯然失色。古人云：“故義雖深，理雖當，詞不工者不成文，宜不能傳也。”也就是說，文章既要有真實的思想感情，又要有精美的文辭，才能流傳久遠。例如，WhyITeach一文中所用的詞語：step-up(promotion)red-eyeprofession(aprofessionwhichmakesmetired)sweaty-palmprofession(aprofessionwhichmakesmenervous)sinking-stomachprofession(aprofessionwhichmakesmeupset)struggletoanswer(thinkhardbeforeanswering），begintobreathe(begintogrowandchange)，tofansparks(toarousetheirinterest)，I’mmyownboss(Ihavefreedomtodothingsmyownway)等。

4.3句式結構要富于變化大千世界，變化無窮。千姿百態(tài)，林林總總。文章是客觀事物的反映，其結構形式也應多姿多彩，變化萬千。寫作時，既要努力使用正確的句式結構，又要盡量使句式結構多樣化。例如：(1)OneisVicky.(2)Myfirstdoctoralstudent,Vickywasanenergeticstudentwholaboredatherdissertationonalittle-known14thcenturypoet.(3)Shewrotearticlesandsentthemofftolearnedjournals.(4)Shediditallherself,withanoccasionalnudgefromme.(5)ButIwastherewhenshefinishedherdissertation,learnedthatherarticleswereaccepted,gotajobandwonafellowshiptoHarvardworkingonabookdevelopingideasshe’dfirsthadasmystudent.

4.4注意段落的統(tǒng)一性和連貫性英語文章的段落一般由主題句和主題句的擴展句兩部分組成（有的也有概括句）。但一個好的段落不僅僅是主題句和主題句的擴展句的簡單堆砌，還必須具有統(tǒng)一性和連慣性。

4.4.1段落的統(tǒng)一性：統(tǒng)一性是指段落中的所有擴展句必須與主題句相關聯(lián)，說的具體一點，就是要與主題句中的致力點相關聯(lián)。凡是無關聯(lián)的句子都不能寫。如果寫了，必須刪除。例如：

1)Chinaisrichinvariousenergyresources.Forexample,coal,anabundantsourceofenergy,canbefoundinmanyprovinces.Chinaalsohasafewlargeoilfields,andusuallynaturalgasaccompaniesoilproductionfields.Inaddition,largeandsmallpowerplantshavebeenbuiltonfastriverssinceliberation.2)Ipreferswimmingoverallotherformsofexercise.Foronething,manydifferentmusclesareusedintheactofswimmingandallofthesearestrengthenedwhenswimmingisdoneregularly.AnotherreasonIlikeswimmingisthatitisoneofthefewwaysIcancooloffandexerciseatthesametime.Aquickswiminthepoolafterschoolorworkisalwaysrefreshing.

Unfortunately,Ihavetodriveacrosstownbecausethepoolinmycommunityalwayshastoomuchchlorineinit.ThefinalreasonIpreferswimmingisthatitissomethingIcandoallyear.Otherkindsofexercise,liketennisandsoftball,areseasonal,butIcangoswimmingatanytimeoftheyear.

4.4.2段落的連貫性：

連貫性是指段落中句子與句子之間的或段與段之間的自然過渡。恰當使用過渡性詞語Conjunctionsinclude:1.ConjunctiveAdv.:therefore,furthermore...2.Coordinators:and,but,or,for,so…3.Subordinators:when,where,why,how…4.Otherwordsorphrases:tobeginwith,foronepart,fortheother,what’smore,…Comparethefollowingtwoparagraphs：“Somestudentsreadslowly.Theydon’tknowtheyreadslowly.Otherstudentsreadslowly.Theyknowtheyreadslowly.Thelattercanbehelpedmoreeasily.Theyarealreadyawareoftheirproblem.Theformercanbehelped.Theymustbeawareoftheproblem.”“Somestudentsreadslowlybut

don’tknowthattheydo;othersreadslowlyandknowit.Theirreadingproblemsarethesame,butthelattercanbehelpedmoreeasilybecausetheyarealreadyawareoftheirproblem.Beforetheformercanbehelped,

however,theymustbemadeawareoftheproblem.4.5

英語語篇模式不同類型的語篇在長期使用中都已形成一種特定的模式（pattern），具有一種區(qū)別于其它語篇的組織結構。英語語篇有三種模式：1）概括-具體型（General-specificPattern）；2）問題解決型（Problem-SolutionPattern）；3）對照-匹配型(Matching-Pattern)。1).概括-具體型（General-SpecificPattern）Writingmethod:

topicsentence---developingsentences

(TopicS)Thereareseveralfactorsaffectingclimate.(S.S1)

Onefactoristhemountofsunlightreceived.(S.S2)

Altitude,ortheheightabovesealevel,alsodeterminesclimate.(S.S3)

Theoceanshaveaneffectontheclimateoftheadjacentland.(S.S4)

In

addition,climateisinfluencedbythegeneralcirculationoftheatmosphere.

Theworkingconditionswerepoor.Thetableswhereworkerssatwereveryhigh,anduncomfortable.Exceptforahalfhouratlunchtime,therewerenobreaksinthedaytorelievetheboringwork.Therewasnomusic.Thewallsoftheworkroomswereadullgraycolor.2)問題解決型（Problem-SolutionPattern）

Writingmethod:

Raiseaproblem---Analyzethecauseoftheproblem---Putforwardthesolutionstotheproblem

Whyhavetherebeensomanyroadaccidents?

Thefirstreasonisthatsomepedestrians,especiallyoldpeopleandchildren,cannotsee,hearorjudgeverywell.Thesecondreasonisthatsomeyoungdriversrecklesslyviolatetrafficregulations,suchasdrivingwhendrunk,goingthewrongdirection,etc.Thethirdreasonisthatsometimessomethinggoeswrongwithvehicles,sothatthedriverslosecontrolofthematacriticalmoment.Forallthis,themaincauseoftheroadaccidentsisduetocarelessness.Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneaboutit.Forexample,driversshouldbeeducatedtoseetheimportanceofcomplyingwithtrafficregulationsandtheterribleconsequencesofviolatingthem.Themotorvehiclesshouldregularlybeputthroughstricttestsforsafety.Inaddition,trafficfacilitiesshouldbeimprovedsoastomakedriverssaferontheroads.Allthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberoftrafficaccidents.

3)對照-匹配型（Matching-Pattern）。Writingmethod:

Developingtheparagraphbycomparisonandcontraste.g.TheAmericancarofthe1980sisquitedifferentfromitsoldmodels.Themoststrikingdifferenceisthesize.Whiletheoldmodelswerelargeandspacious,theneweronesaresmallerandmorecompact.Inthepast,carswerealsoconstructedofheaviermaterials.Nowadayslight-weightaluminumandplastichavereplacedtheheavy-weightmetalsofyesterday.Enginesarenowmorefuelefficient.TenyearsagotheaverageAmericancargottenmilespergallontocompeteinthemarket.Manyofthesedifferencesareadvantageoustotoday’sdriver,butunfortunatelythesesmaller,lightercarsarenotassafeifanaccidentoccurs.

小結：英語語篇的三種模式均具有:“先抽象，后具體；先綜合，后分析；先概括，后細節(jié)”等特點。通常以一個主題句（topicsentence）開頭，直截了當?shù)攸c明語篇的中心思想，然后在以后各句中發(fā)展這一中心思想。4.6利用修辭手法學生對于修辭方面的知識相對來說較為貧乏。對于一些辭格和修辭手段（如比喻、對比、夸張、排比、擬人等）只停留在識別和初步欣賞的水平，很少能夠在作文中有意識、且恰如其分地加以運用，難于增加語言的表現(xiàn)力。例如：1a) Hesaidhewasveryhungrythatdayandatefourbigcakeswithintwominutes.1b) Hesaidhewasveryhungrythatdayandwolfeddownfourbigcakeswithintwominutes.2a)Ourbelovedmotherlandisgreatandspaciousandbeautiful.2b)Greatandspaciousandbeautifulisourbelovedmotherland.

4.7使用迂回表達法作者在寫作中碰到有的意思無法表達時，可以想辦法換一種說法，繞過難點，這就是迂回表達。迂回表達屬于一種實用性的應急措施，主要方法為定義法。定義法是指某些不會表達的概念用解釋性的語言寫出。例如：(1)Inordertoavoidacollisionwiththetaxi,thecarsuddenlyturnedtotheright.---Inordertoavoid

hittingthetaxi,thecarsuddenlyturnedtotheright.(2)At5:30p.m.,therearetrafficjams

inthecityeveryday.---At5:30p.m.,allthestreetsarecrowdedwithvehicles

inthecityeveryday.一種簡單的段落寫長法例如：(TopicS)Idon’tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme.(MajorS.S1)

TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving:mechanic,carpenter,writer.(MajorS.S2)

Forme,teachingisared-eye,sweaty-palm,sinking-stomachprofession.(MinorS.S1)

Red-eye,becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.(MinorS.S2)Sweaty-palmbecauseI’malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.(MinorS.S3)Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.

五、議論文寫作1.DefinitionofargumentationAnargumentativeisanessaywhichtriestomakethereaderagreewithitspointofviewandsupportit,ortopersuadehimtochangehismindorbehavior,andtoapproveyouridea.

Thepurposeofargumentationistoconvince.2.KindsofargumentationArgumentativeessaysmaybedividedinto2kinds:oneistoarguefromthepositivesideinordertoproveyourpointofviewrightandtobuildyourevidence;theotheristoarguefromthenegativesideinordertoprovetheopponent’spointofviewwrongandtodestroytheopponent’sevidence.3.WaystowriteargumentationHowtowritethebeginningparagraph

(1)Adebatablepoint(2)Differentpeople’opinionsaboutthedebatablepoint(3)Author’sopinionaboutthepoint.(4)Atransitionalsentence例如：(1)Recently,theproblemof…h(huán)asarousedpublicconcern.Somepeoplebelievethat…Butothersholdthat…Asforme,Iamonthefirst/secondsideoftheargument.Thereasonsareasfollows.E.g.

Recently,theproblemofheavytraffichasarousedpublicconcern.Somepeoplebelievethatitcannotbesolvedunlesspopulationdecreases.Butothersholdthatitispossibleifweconstructmanyothersubways.Asforme,Iamonthesecondsideoftheargument.Thereasonsareasfollows.(2)Thereisnoagreementamongpeopleastotheissueof…Somepeopleholdthat….Whileothersholdthat….Frommypointofview,itismoreadvisabletosupportthefirst/secondopinionratherthanthesecond/firstone.E.g.Thereisnoagreementamongpeopleastotheissueofdoingphysicalexercise.Somepeopleholdthatphysicalexerciseshouldbearequiredpartofeveryschooldaywhileothersholdthatstudentsshouldspendthewholeschooldayonacademicstudies.Frommypointofview,itismoreadvisabletosupportthefirstopinionratherthanthesecondone.(3)Whenaskedabout…,somepeoplepreferto…,others,however,preferto…,Astome,Ichoosethefirst/secondway/method/approach.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformyinclination.E.g.

Whenaskedaboutwheretospendtheleisuretime,somepeopleprefertospendtheirfreetimeoutdoors;others,however,prefertospendtheirleisuretimeindoors.Astome,Ichoosethefirst/secondway/method/approach.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformyinclination.

(4)

People’sviewson…varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthat….Fromtheirpointofview,…However,othersthinkthat…Intheiropinion,…Astome,Iagreewiththesecondidea.Thefollowingarethereasonsof/formychoice.E.g.People’sviewsonmoneyvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthatmoneyiseverything.Fromtheirpointofview,theycanusemoneytobuymanythingssuchasTVs,DVDs,airconditioners,andcomputers.However,othersholdthatmoneyisimportantbutnotsoimportantastomeaneverything.Intheiropinion,noteverythingcanbeboughtwithmoney.Astome,Iagreewiththesecondidea.Thefollowingarethereasonsformychoice.2)HowtowritetheendingparagraphSomepatterns:(1)SincetherearesomanyadvantagestodoA/B,itisnotdifficulttounderstandwhyI…e.g.Sincetherearesomanyadvantagestoliveinacity,itisnotdifficulttounderstandwhyIprefercitylife.(2)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelyconcludethat…e.g.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaysafelyconcludethatitiswiserforchildrentochoosetolearnwhattheylike.(3)Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wemayreasonablydrawaconclusionthat….E.g.Takingallthesefactorsintoconsideration,wemayreasonablydrawaconclusionthatbookswillnotbereplacedbycomputers(4)GiventhefactorsIhavejustoutlined,Icanonlysaythat…(鑒于上述因素，我只能說……)(5)Fromtheforegoing,itiswisertosupportthestatementthat….(綜上所述，支持……的觀點較為明智。)(6)Inviewoftheabovefacts,itissafetodrawtheconclusionthat…(鑒于上述事實，可以得出….)(7)Itgoeswithoutsayingthat….(不言而喻….)(8)Weighinguptheargumentsonbothsides,I’minclinedtobelievethat….(權衡了這兩種觀點之后，我傾向于認為……)３、BodyParagraph——立論主體段可以用立論，也可以用駁論。立論的方法可以列舉、例證等。例如：

Title:LivingonoroffCampus

Whenaskedaboutlivingonoroffcampusdifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsduetotheirfinancialconditionsandpersonalinclinations.Someliketoliveoffcampusbecauseofitsfreedomandcomfortwhileothersprefertoliveoncampusbecauseofitsconvenienceandlowcost.Astome,Iwillchoosetoliveonthecampus.Thereasonsforthiscanbelistedasfollows:

Firstly,noonecandenythefactthatitisfarcheapertoliveonthecampus.Afterall,wearestudentswithoutincome.Torentaroomoffcampuswillcostmyparentsmoremoney.Besides,onlywhenIliveonthecampus,canImakefulluseofthefacilitiesinschool,suchasthelibrary,dinninghalls,computerrooms,etc.Lastbutnotleast,Icantakeadvantageofthisopportunitytolearnhowtodealwithothers.Maybe,theexperienceofthatwillhaveagoodeffectonmyfuturelife.Therefore,basedontheabovediscussion,itisnotdifficulttoconcludewhyIprefertoliveoncampus.AnSampleEssay

Title:MyviewonStudents’TakingPart-timeJobs

Nowmoreandmoreuniversitystudentstakepart-timejobsintheirsparetime.Therehasbeenaheatedargumentaboutwhetheruniversitystudentsshouldtakethem.Somepeopleareforit.Theythinkthatpart-timejobscanenrichstudents’experience.Butothersareagainstit.Theythinkthatpart-time

jobswillaffectstudents’study.Astome,Iaminfavorofthefirstopinion.Thereasonsareasfollows.First,takingapart-timejobcanhelpastudentpaythetuition.Itisveryprofitabletosomepoorstud