狀語從句Microsoft PowerPoint 幻燈片

副詞性從句副詞性從句也稱狀語從句，在句子中起狀語的作用。有的狀語從句可以在主句前，有的放在主句后，狀語從句可以表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、讓步、和比較9種意義。時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞和詞組有：1.when,while,as;(當(dāng)…時)2.assoonas,themoment,directly,instantly,immediately;（一…就）3.until,till(直到)4.before(在…之前)5.after(在…之后)6.once(一旦)7.whenever(任何時候)8.everytime,eachtime（每次）注意：在時間狀語從句中，常用主將從現(xiàn)，一般將來時常用一般現(xiàn)在時；該用過去將來時，常用一般過去時；該用將來進行時，常用現(xiàn)在進行時。Iwilltellyouwhenhecomesback.IsaidIwouldtellhimwhenhecameback.when,while,as表示主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生When既指某一時間點，又可指某個時間段可以與短暫性和延續(xù)性動詞連用While強調(diào)一段時間，所以從句的謂語動詞常是延續(xù)性的As強調(diào)主句和從句的動作相并發(fā)生，常譯“一邊…一邊”謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞1.Whenhereturned,hiswifewascooking.2.Whilehewasreading(read),hiswifewascooking(cooked).3.Ashewascooking,hewassingingsongs.4.Tombrokehislegwhile/when/ashewasplayingfootball.when和while都可以作為并列連詞，連接并列分句，when“在...時候”，while具有對比意義，表示“而，可是”YoulikesportswhileIlikereading.Whilehewasrespected,hewasnotliked.Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.(只要)

nosooner...thanhardly...when/beforeScarcely...when/beforeIhadhardly(scarcely)satdownwhenthetelephonerang.=Hardly(Scarcely)hadIsatdownwhen

thetelephonerang.否定詞位于句首時，要用部分倒裝句,為了加強語氣。not...until(直到...才)Ididn'tleaveuntilshecameback.Itwas

notuntilshecamebackthatIleft.NotuntilshecamebackdidIleave.notuntil在句首時要用部分倒裝NotuntilIarrivedthere,hadthebusgoneaway.知識梳理

by從句時間

主句中的時態(tài)

例句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在完成時Bynow,Tom_________inBeijingfor281days.過去過去完成時Bytheendoflastmonth,10millionyuan__________________forthosewhowerestrickenbytheearthquake.將來將來完成時BythetimeIretire,I

________________ateacherfor30years.②

在by引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句時，主句要用完成時。hasbeenhadbeencollectedwillhavebeenbythetime“截至....”

可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。bythetime引導(dǎo)的從句若是一般現(xiàn)在時，主句主語要用將來完成時；從句若是一般過去時，主句則要用過去完成時。1.Bythetimeyoureceivethisletter,Iwillhaveleftthiscityformyhometown.2.BythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft.1.Writeitdownbeforeyouforgetit.（趁）2.Writeitdownwhile/whenyoustillrememberit.3.Withlightmusicbeingplayed,IfallasleepbeforeIknowit.(不知不覺）4.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.（我們跑了還不到一英里他就感到累了。）Itwillbe+時段+beforeItwas+時段+beforeItwillbe3monthsbeforeIgetthedrivinglicense.Itwon’tbe+時段+beforeItwasnot+時段+beforeItwon’tbelongbeforeIgetajob.5.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.(還沒來得及……)6.Putitawaybeforeitgetsbroken.(以免，免得）7.Thatdogshouldbekilledbeforeitattacksmorechildren.8.I’dshootmyselfbeforeIapologizedtohim.(寧可……而不）Itwas/willbe+時間段+before過了多久才——Haveyoureceivedtheletter?Yes,butitwasthreedaysbeforeyousentit.Itwas/willbenot+時間段+before沒過多久就Itwillnotbelongbeforehegetsanewjob.ItwasthreeyearsagothatImetmygirlfriend.ItwassixwhenImether.ItwasatsixthatImether.地點狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連詞：where,wherever,everywhereThereareplentyofsheepwhereIlive.where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別定從：where是關(guān)系副詞，從句中地點狀語，前面有先行詞，where引導(dǎo)的從句修飾先行詞。狀從：是從屬連詞，它引導(dǎo)的從句修飾主句的謂語動詞，where前無先行詞。1.Bamboogrowsbestinplaceswhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.2.Bamboogrowsbestwhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的詞有because，as,since,nowthat(既然)，seeingthat（鑒于）,for,inthatbecausesinceassince“既然”，表示較為明顯的原因Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.as"由于",表示較為明顯的原因，語氣較弱。Asitissnowing,you'dbettertakeataxi.for,不能位于句首，只能置于句子中，前面有逗號隔開,for所提供的理由是一種補充性的說明。Iwenttoseehim,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.目的狀語從句1.Inorderthat；sothat；

2.forfearthat；incase;lest(以免)Inorderthat可位于句首，句中，sothat只能位于句中Hesenttheletterbyairmailinorderthat(sothat)itmightreachthemingoodtime.=Inorderthatthelettermightreachthemingoodtimehesenttheletterbyairmail.結(jié)果狀語從句So+形容詞/副詞+thatSo+形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatSuch+a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatSuch+(形容詞)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+thatSuch+(形容詞)+不可數(shù)名詞+thatSheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.Sheissobeautifulagirlthat…Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthat…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞：so……that,such……that(如此……以致于)sothat;that(結(jié)果)Itwassuchagooddaythatweallwentswimming.=Itwassogoodadaythatweallwentswimming.HespokesofastthatIcouldn’tfollowhim.So+many(much,few,little)+名詞+thatSuch+alotof(lotsof)+名詞+thatSothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時，該從句中常使用may(might)等情態(tài)動詞，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，從句中多不用情態(tài)動詞，而且從句前有逗號。Hedidn’tstudyhard,sothathefailedintheexam.Hesenttheletterbyairmailinorderthat(sothat)itmightreachthemingoodtime.條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞：if;suppose;supposing(that);provided;providing(that);onconditionthat(如果，假若)；unless（除非）；

aslongas(只要)；incase（萬一）條件狀語從句中，要用主將從現(xiàn)（和時間狀語從句相同）Youwillmissthetrainifyoudon’thurry.有時主句中用祈使句和情態(tài)動詞來替代將來時態(tài)Ifyougetthebook,letmeknow.Ifyoudrink,don’tdrive.Ifyoudrink,youshouldn’t/willnotdrive.如果主句謂語動詞是want,hope等詞，則條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。Whatdoyouwanttodoifyouhavemuchmoney?Ifyoufinishthework,___towatchTVforawhile.A.goB.togoC.goingD.wentYoucangotowatchTVforawhile.Unless在意義上=if…not，但比if語氣更強：

(2)Suppose和supposing(that)相當(dāng)于if.(3)provided,providingthat,onconditionthat,so(as)longas相當(dāng)于onlyif：

Aslongas(=Onlyif)youdon’tloseheart,willyousucceed.Thecomputercannotworkunlessyouopentheelectricity.=Thecomputercannotworkifyoudon’topentheelectricity.Hewouldhavediedifthedoctorshadnotsavedher.虛擬條件句中，unless不等于if…notOnlyif和ifonlyOnlyif只要……，引導(dǎo)用陳述語序的真實條件句：Onlyifyoustudyhard,willyoupassthetest.Ifonly但愿……,要是……就好，常引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣的條件句或感嘆句。Ifonlywehadarrivedintime,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain.Incase“萬一，以防”Takeacoatincasetheweatherturnscold.incase+從句

incaseof+名詞Incaseofthecoldweather,takeacoat.“inthatcase”如果那樣的話讓步狀語從句Evenif;eventhough;nomatterwho;whenever;Nomatter+whWh-+everAs=though在名詞性從句中，能用Wh-+ever，不能用Nomatter+wh。Nomatterwhathesays,Iwilllistentohim.=whateverhesays,Iwilllistentohim.Iwilllistentowhateverhesays.Although,though,不能跟but連用。但是可以跟yet,still,nevertheless連用As引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語和動詞原形。Childasheis,heknowsalot.Goodasheis,hewillneverbetopofhisclass.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由asasifasthough,justas等引導(dǎo)，且多置于主句之后。有時，方式狀語從句不用連詞引導(dǎo)，而是用詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。As“依照，像……一樣，如……一樣”Hemustdoasthedoctoradvises.Heattendedthemeetingontimeashehadbeentoldtodo.

Justas“正如”Ididitjustasyoutoldme.Isawthestreetsju