參考教程成果

年攻讀入學(xué)考試英語試Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,inlectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewinlectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheir plishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8，publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticein11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized15participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.18theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.1.[A][B][C][D]2.[A][C][D]3.[A][B][C][D]4.[A][B][C][D]5.[A][B][C][D]6.[A][B][C][D]7.[A][B][C][D]8.[A]in[B]asa[C]for[D]ina9.[A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B] [D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C] [D]14.[A][B][C][D]15.[A]if[B]now[C]so[D]even16.[A][B][C][D]17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A]Onthe[B]Onthe[C]Onthe[D]Ontheother19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A][B][C][D]Section ReadingReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan’svocationaswell.Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“opensourceinligence,”andastheNetgrows,itis ingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions，whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicAmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateinligence-ysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineat.StraifordGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.Lastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisin.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfrom,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”O(jiān)pen-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttolgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-inligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.TheemergenceoftheNet receivedsupportfromfanslike [B]remoldedtheinligence[C]restoredmanycommon [D]revivedspyingasaDonovan’sstoryismentionedinthetext introducethetopicofonline [B]showhowhefoughtforthe[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformation [D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheThephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobably causingthebiggest [B]exertingthegreatest[C]achievingthegreatest [D]enjoyingthewidestItcanbelearnedfromparagraph4 straitford’spredictionabouthasprovedstraitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsstraitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbystraitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliable25.Straitfordismostproudof.[A]official[B]nonconformist[C]efficient[D]militaryToparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberayharmananimal.Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothing,thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishpreciousembersofmedicalTheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swords callonscientiststotakesome [B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimal[C]warnofthedoomofbiomedical [D]showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsMisledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearch cruelbut [B]inhumanand[C]inevitablebut [D]pointlessandTheexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthe discontentwithanimal [B]ignoranceaboutmedical[C]indifferenceto [D]anxietyaboutanimalTheauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientists communicatemorewiththe [B]employhi-techmeansin[C]feelnoshamefortheir [D]strivetodevelopnewFromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooper awell-known [B]amedical[C]anenthusiastinanimal [D]asupporterofanimalInrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-movedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopoly,theyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalernment'sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeeuptheline.It'stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail'snetrailway ein1996wasjust$427million,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikely costreductionisbasedon [B]servicescallforcross-trade[C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinueto [D]shipperswillhavetherailwaybytheWhatismanycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherail [B] [C] [D]Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3 shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivaltherewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanyoverchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforrate ernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwayTheword“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobablyrefersto whoworkas [B]whofunctionas[C]whosupervise [D]whodeterminetheAccordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycaused thecontinuing [B]thegrowing[C]thecheeringWall [D]theshrinkingItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethataernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradoernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78, chairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.WhatisimpliedinthefirstAmericansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherAmericansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverAmericansareover-confidentoftheirmedicalAmericanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeTheauthorusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshow medicalresourcesareoftendoctorsarehelplessagainstfatalsometreatmentsaretoomedicalcosts ingTheauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisonestrong [B] slight [D]enthusiasticIncontrastotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalmore [B]more[C]more [D]moreThetextintendstoexpresstheideathat.[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthdeathshouldbeacceptedasafactofexcessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthPartBReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.（41）Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.Therefore,itisimportanttostudyinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname, passesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialscience.42）Socialscienceisthatbranchofin lectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,political,science,psychology,andsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinysis.（43）Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalbroughttotheysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatinlectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.（44）Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned.shared,andpatternedbehavior.（45）Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isan whichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.Section Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayentitledinwhichyou1）describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2）pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20一、文章總第一段第一、二句是句，點(diǎn)明文章。從第三句開始介紹了青少年的各種變化，如：自我意識(shí)很強(qiáng)，需要從成功中獲得自信等。接下來是對(duì)老師的建議：設(shè)計(jì)有優(yōu)勝者的活動(dòng)，組織各種小型，讓成年人在幕二、試題具[A]（give）thoughtto[B]（givesb.an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情況[C]（haveagood/bad）opinionof本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：平行句子結(jié)構(gòu)固定搭配首先，從文章結(jié)構(gòu)上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachersneedtobeawareof（教師應(yīng)該注意）Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1to（同時(shí)他們須認(rèn)真……）theyteachersyoungadultsgiveserious1tobeawareof（知道，其次，考生需要判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中哪一個(gè)能與give...to構(gòu)成短語。idea這個(gè)詞詞義很豐富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意識(shí)、打算、建議”等，但通常與介詞of而不是to連用；opinion意為“意見；看法般不與give搭配；advice（建議）雖然可與give及to搭配，但介詞to后應(yīng)接人，即建議的接受者，如果要表達(dá)“提不能替換為別的詞匯，它放入句中表示“同時(shí)他們也應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)這些年輕人如何最好地2這些變化加以思考”。givesyouagoodideaoflifeinancientGreece.；Everyonehasapooropinionofacoward.（每個(gè)人對(duì)懦夫的印象都不好）NowIwanttogiveyousomeadvice.[A]strengthen加強(qiáng)，鞏固[B]modate[C]stimulate刺激，激勵(lì)[D]enhance[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)賓搭配本題要求考生判斷哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以與suchchanges構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配。suchchanges在這里指的是第一句提到的the “教師也需要認(rèn)真考慮年輕人如何最好地適應(yīng)這些（情感、心智和生理上的）變化”。常與change搭配的動(dòng)詞請(qǐng)參見2004年第13題。 modate表示“適應(yīng)”時(shí)，還常用 modateoneselftosth.結(jié)構(gòu)，例句：Hehastomodatehimselftochangedsituation.（他不得不適應(yīng)變化了的形勢(shì)。[A]care關(guān)心，照 [B]nutrition營exercise練習(xí)，鍛 [D]leisure空閑，安本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語詞詞義辨析的東西進(jìn)行了限定movement同樣都可以通過競(jìng)賽的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。這樣只有exercisecompetition[A]If（表?xiàng)l件 [B]Although（表轉(zhuǎn)折 [D]Because（表因果[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系空格所在長句中包含了兩個(gè)由逗號(hào)隔開的分句：4_theyareadjustingto…，teenagersareespeciallyself-conscioustheyteenagers?？忌枰袛噙@兩個(gè)分自我意識(shí)強(qiáng)烈”。因此because。(我今天有一大堆事情要做)。[A]assistance幫助，協(xié) [B]guidance引導(dǎo)，指[C]confidence信心 [答案]C[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+名詞詞義辨析文中相關(guān)部分是：（teenagers）needthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccess（青少年需要由獲得成[Aclaimed（根據(jù)權(quán)利）要求，索取，主張[B]admired[C]ignored忽視 [D]surpassed[答案]B[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：+動(dòng)詞詞義辨析本題的考點(diǎn)與上題有重合的地方。文中相關(guān)部分是：（teenagers）needtheconfidencethatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheirplishmentsare6byothers（青少年需要自信，自信來confidencecomesfromachievingsuccessknowingthat…。因此考生關(guān)鍵要判斷青少年的自信來自于知道他們的成績（plishments）受到別人的什么。根據(jù)，只有當(dāng)自己的成績受到別人羨慕時(shí)，人們才會(huì)產(chǎn)生信心。顯然只有admired符合文意。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：plishment的構(gòu)詞法是：plish（完成）+-ment（名詞后綴表行為），類似的詞還有achievement，development，establishment，fulfillment等。[A]improper不恰當(dāng) [B]risky[C]fair公平的，美麗 [D]wise明智[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+形容詞詞義辨析somuchcompetitionthat競(jìng)爭，以至于策劃勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)將是7競(jìng)爭性的活動(dòng)是怎樣的。由于上文一再強(qiáng)調(diào)，青少年需要成功和信心，因此這里應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)表示肯定態(tài)度的來肯定這種勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)，這樣就可以首先排除imroer和riskyfair和wise意，因?yàn)檫@里的問題不是公平與否，而是是否明智。讓青少年在活動(dòng)中通過取勝來獲得信心是明智的做法，是[A]ineffect實(shí)際 [B]asaresult結(jié)果表因果關(guān)系[C]forexample（表例證關(guān)系）D]inasense本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers（策劃一些勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)后文是publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews（有許多學(xué)生撰寫書評(píng)（activitiesnewsletters者多敗者少的活動(dòng)”的例子。能夠表達(dá)例證邏輯關(guān)系的只有forexample。[A]displaying展 [B]describing描creating創(chuàng) [D]exchanging交[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語義+動(dòng)賓搭配從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看，9studentartworkpublishingnewslettrssponsoringbookdiscussionclubs的動(dòng)詞能與studentartwor（學(xué)生的藝術(shù)品）構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配，并體現(xiàn)出勝者多敗者少的特點(diǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中（displaying[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：容詞詞義辨析文中的相關(guān)部分是Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide 10_opportunities，它要求考生判斷各種各樣的小型可以提供什么樣的機(jī)會(huì)。解題的是前面的variety（多樣，多樣性多種多樣的應(yīng)該（durable，excessivsurplus；multiple多樣的”，如：amanofmultipleinterests(廣泛的人)[A]group團(tuán)體，組，群， [B]individual個(gè)人（的nel人員，職 [D]corporation公本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：11dynamicsaswellas（而且）forpracticeforleadershipopportunities，下文中的club和leadership顯示了這是一種團(tuán)隊(duì)活動(dòng)，選項(xiàng)中的individual概念與之相，nel和合理，因此，group為正確答案。[A]consent同意，贊成，允 [B]insurance保[C]admission允許進(jìn)入，承認(rèn)，坦白[D]security本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：文中相關(guān)部分說，“交朋友對(duì)青少年重要，許多靦腆的學(xué)生都需要某種團(tuán)體所提供的12”?？忌袛鄆nto搭配，例句：China’sadmissiontotheUnitedNations（允許中國加合國。[A]particularly特別地，異常地，顯著地[B]barely[C]definiy肯定無疑地，明確地[D]rarely很少地，難本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語詞用法辨析文章相關(guān)部分是shystudentsneedthesecuritywithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground，空格處將填入一個(gè)副詞修飾visible，其含義是“靦腆的學(xué)生需要一定的安全感，這種安全感來自一位成人在背獨(dú)立地去完成事情。選項(xiàng)中particularly和definiy是程度副詞，在visible前可表強(qiáng)調(diào)，但“特別看得見”和場(chǎng)，又不顯眼，barelyvisible（幾乎看不見）最符合文意。知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：barelyIcouldbarelyseetheroadinthefog.清路)。該詞含義與hardly和scarcely相近。[A]similar相似 [B]long長[C]different不同 [D]short短[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：的運(yùn)用本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)系空格前文是Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（組織各種各樣的活動(dòng)，后文是participantscanremainactive（讓參加者保持活躍。本題要求考生判斷這兩部分之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。從邏輯上講，讓活動(dòng)多樣化應(yīng)該是為了讓參與者保持，兩者之間是與目的的關(guān)系，這里需要一個(gè)表目的的連詞，因此只有sothat知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充：ifonly常用于虛擬語氣，如：IfonlyMotherwerehere.（要是在這就好了）；nowthat表?xiàng)l件，常置于句首，如：Nowthateveryoneishere，let’sstartthemeeting.（既然所有人都到了，我們開會(huì)吧；evenifEvenifhecame，theresultwouldbethesame.（即使他來了，結(jié)果還是會(huì)一[A]everything（else）其他每件事物[B]anything(else)（任何）[C]nothing(else)無其他事物[D]something(else[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：不定代詞用法辨析吧）Idon’tthinkthereisanythingelseweneeddiscusstonight.要討論)；Hehadnothingelsetodoexcepttoreturntohisroom.（除了回房間，他沒有其他事情可做/別無選擇；Everythingelsedependsuponthat.（其他的每件事都取決于此。[A](let)off放出，饒恕，準(zhǔn)許……暫停工作[B](let)down[C](let)out放掉，，放大，出租[D](let)alone不管,不打[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：短語動(dòng)詞用法辨析let只有l(wèi)etothersdown（讓其他人失望）符合這個(gè)要求。come，cut，get，give，go，keep，leave，let，look，make，put，set，take，turn，throw等等。[A]Onthecontrary[B]Ontheaverage[C]Onthewhole[D]Ontheotherhand本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：邏輯關(guān)用法辨析OnthecontraryOntheotherhand種可能性。如：Heisclever,butontheotherhand,hemakesmanymistakes.（他很聰明，但從另一方面來例句補(bǔ)充：“Haveyounearlydone?”“Onthecontrary,Ihaveonlyjustbegun.”（—你差不多做完了吧？—恰恰相反，我剛剛開始；Womenmakeontheaverageonlytwo-thirdsofwhatmenearn.（平均算來，女性的收入僅是收入的三分之二）；Youhavemadeafewmistakesbutonthewholeyouhavedone（你犯了幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，但總體來說，你做的很好19.[A]making(for)，有利于，傾向于，導(dǎo)[B]standingfor[C]planningfor[D]takingfor)[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：短語動(dòng)詞辨析theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forroles（成人能夠配構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞，考生關(guān)鍵需要判斷哪個(gè)短語動(dòng)詞roles配，并符合文意。planningfor填入空格后表示劃創(chuàng)造一些（合適的）角色”，可以看作是“幫助學(xué)生獲得責(zé)任感”的，而且它還與前面提到的planactivities，avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized相呼應(yīng)。alloanswe，apply，arrange，ask，crave，fall，，hope，hanke，hunt，have，long，pray，spea，searc，thirs，want，wish，yearn[A]capability[B]responsibility[C]proficiency熟練，精 [解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞詞義辨析20_andtheirattentionspansthat引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞roles，表示“通過涉及一些在學(xué)生……圍之內(nèi)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中首先排除proficiency和efficiency，它們不能和within搭配，且句意不符。選項(xiàng)proficiency=proficient精通+cyefficiency=efficient有效率的+cyinnocence=innocentceurgency=urgentcyemergency=emergentcycapability=capableilityresponsibility=responsible有責(zé)任的+ility，juvenility=juvenile青少年的+ity，servility=servile的易碎的三、全文翻在適應(yīng)新的身體狀況、心智和情感方面的諸多，所以他們的自我意識(shí)很強(qiáng)。他們需要有成功后的自信，并需要自己的成就受到別人的欽佩。然而，典型的青少年生活中已經(jīng)充滿了競(jìng)爭，因此策劃一些勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)是十分明智的。例如，有許多學(xué)生撰寫書評(píng)的通訊，展示學(xué)生的藝術(shù)作品，組織讀書研討等。各種小俱樂部可提供多種多樣的機(jī)會(huì)來培養(yǎng)青少年的才能，也能提供青少年成功參與集體活動(dòng)的練習(xí)。交友對(duì)青少極為重要，許多靦腆的學(xué)生需要某種團(tuán)體所提供的安全感。在這個(gè)團(tuán)體里，成人提供的支持處于幾乎看不見的隱蔽地A部第一一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)總體分特雷福公司為典型例子，說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)工作帶來的影響。文章通俗易懂，論證特點(diǎn)是夾敘夾議。第二、三段：進(jìn)一步說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)促使了一種新的行業(yè)的誕生，運(yùn)用這種互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)可以獲取的。二、試題具 receivedsupportfromfanslikeremoldedtheinligencerestoredmanycommonrevivedspyingasaprofession[答案]B

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)出現(xiàn) [解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題即一定會(huì)利用它來進(jìn)行工作。句子使用的是虛擬語氣（wouldhaveloved，這說明多Net,whichhasalreadyre-madepastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshaDonovan’svocationaswell.”。其中的“Donovan’svocation”指的就是services（·是主要意義是“tocomeorbringbackintouseorexistence”(<使>恢復(fù)，<使>復(fù)興，create（有關(guān)。restore的含義主要有：①bringbackintoexistenceoruse；reestablish（使恢；②brin③put(someone)backinaformerposition（使復(fù)職，把（）放回原來地位Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto showhowhefoughtforthegiveanepisodeoftheinformation[答案]A

文中提到多諾汶的故事是為 [解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：作者意圖題諜只是為文章展開討論前提供了一個(gè)，因此A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。其他B、C、D選項(xiàng)雖然可能都與多諾汶的生平事跡有關(guān)，但是與文章無關(guān)，因此都不正確。Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans.causingthebiggestexertingthegreatestachievingthegreatestenjoyingthewidestpopularity[答案]C本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：詞義題

（第三段第一行）最可能的意思 公司”這個(gè)典型的例子，說它是在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的佼佼者。makingthebiggestsplash是“tocreateaforceful,favorable,andnoticeableeffect”，即創(chuàng)造一種強(qiáng)有力Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph4 straitford’spredictionhasprovedtrue truthfulnessofitsinformationstraitford’sbusinesscharacterizedbyreliableinformation

從文章第四段推論出其中的暗示 斯特雷福公司關(guān)于的預(yù)測(cè)已經(jīng)[解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：推理引申題第四段的主要內(nèi)容是：Friedman用來發(fā)布信息。然后以的例子說明網(wǎng)絡(luò)互動(dòng)的實(shí)際作用。該段的最后兩句：公開飯的。這就暗示司特雷福公司能夠提供相當(dāng)可靠的，因此，D選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。常理上來說，這也是不可能的。A選項(xiàng)的說法沒有根據(jù)，因?yàn)樗咎乩赘９局皇菍?duì)的trustworthy，trusty。這些詞的中心含義都是“worthyofrelianceortrust（值得依 Straitfordismostproudof officialnonconformistefficient[答案]B

司特雷福公司最引以自豪的 [解析]本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題文章最后一句直接，司特雷福公司對(duì)其“independentvoice（獨(dú)立感到（局外人”的地位，不對(duì)的腔調(diào)隨聲附和，可以獨(dú)立地宣稱自己的主張，因此它給人（人三、試題命例子。（12。從語言角度講，該篇文章通俗易懂，難度不是很參見原考題第TheauthormentionedCIA’scontesttoshow aspossibleOpen-SourceSolutionsisaverysuccessfulcompanyininformationelectronicspyingisn’tsomethingOpen-SourceSolutions’successisanoldStraifordis asasuccessinthemasteryoftheelectronicasasuccessfulspyingtoshowhowtheNetinfluencesthespyingtoshowtheimportanceofbeingindependent Thephrase“earnsitskeep”(lastline,paragraph4)most keepsitsleading [B]makes[C]takes [D]stickstotheThebesttitleforthepassagemight Spying:anInformationInternetChangestheTheSuccessofInligence-ysisSpyingintheNew 四、文章長難句分析與佳①TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwith這個(gè)句子的特點(diǎn)是定語從句中含有兩個(gè)并列的分句。該句子的主干是：TheAmericanspymaster...wasfascinatedwithinformation，主語后是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，對(duì)其修搭配befascinatedwithlaytherootsfor②Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatofespionage—spyingasa句子主干是Donovanbelievedinusingusingwhatever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：he“greatgame”ofespionagespyingasa“professionespionage補(bǔ)充：whatever（whichever，whoever，whomever）除了有一般代詞的用法外，還可以做關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于anything(s)that，anyone(s)(s)who。如：Hedidwhateverhecoulddo.（他做了他能做的任何事③Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.byalargemarginatinyVirginiacompany句子主干是：Straitfordmakesmoneybyselling...to...，其狀語結(jié)構(gòu)中含有一個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：sellsthtosb.。theresultsofspying是sell在分詞短語做直接賓語的定語，對(duì)其補(bǔ)充說明；corporationssell的間接賓語，介詞結(jié)構(gòu)likeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational做其定語。⑤Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.該句子是由關(guān)系副詞whereby引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句。逗