2020 年 6 月英語四級閱讀真題及答案

2020年6月英語四級閱讀真題及答案2020年6月英語四級閱讀真題及答案SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Walking,ifyoudoitvigorouslyenough,istheoverallbestexerciseforregularphysicalactivity.Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe47riskofinjury.Thehumanbodyisdesignedtowalk.Youcanwalkinparksoralongariverorinyourneighborhood.Toget48benefitfromwalking,aimfor45minutesaday,anaverageoffivedaysaweek.Strengthtrainingisanotherimportant49ofphysicalactivity.Itspurposeistobuildand50boneandmusclemass,bothofwhichshrinkwithage.Ingeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek,51recoverydaysbetweensessions.Finally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.Achesandpainsarehighonthelistofcomplaintsinoldage.Theresultofconstantmuscletensionandstiffnessofjoints,manyofthemare53,andsimpleflexibilitytrainingcan54thesebymakingmusclesstrongerandkeepingjointslubricated(潤滑).Someofthisyoudowheneveryoustretch.Ifyouwatchdogsandcats,you’11getanideaofhownaturalitis.Thegeneral55issimple：wheneverthebodyhasbeeninonepositionforawhile,itisgoodto56stretchitinanoppositeposition.allowingF)helpingK)preventavoidableG)increasinglyL)principlebrieflyH)lowestM)provokecomponentI)maintainN)seriouslydeterminedJ)maximum0)topic參考答案H.lowestJ.maximumD.componentI.maintainA.allowingG.increasinglyB.avoidableK.preventL.principleC.brieflySectionBDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Junkfoodiseverywhere.We'reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe'redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere'sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation：Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit'sdisplayed?“Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity(肥胖癥)assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatandthereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,“notethetworesearchers.“Incontrast,“theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon'tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance一likefood一ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”Theresearchreferencesstudiesofpeople'sbehaviorwithfoodandalcoholandresultsofalcoholrestrictions,andthenlistsfiveregulationsthattheresearchersthinkmightbepromisingifappliedtojunkfoods.Amongthem：Densityrestrictions：licensestosellalcoholaren'thandedoutunplannedtoallcomersbutareallotted(分酉己)basedonthenumberofplacesinanareathatalreadysellalcohol.Thesemakealcohollesseasytogetandreducethenumberofpsychologicalcuestodrink.Similarly,theresearcherssay,beingpresentedwithjunkfoodstimulatesourdesiretoeatit.Sowhynotlimitthedensityoffoodoutlets,particularlyonesthatsellfoodrichinemptycalories?Andwhynotlimitsaleoffoodinplacesthataren"tprimarilyfoodstores?Displayandsalesrestrictions：Californiahasaruleprohibitingalcoholdisplaysnearthecashregistersingasstations,andinmostplacesyoucan'tbuyalcoholatdrive-throughfacilities.Atsupermarkets,foodcompaniespaytohavetheirwaresinplaceswherethey'reeasilyseen.Onecouldremovejunkfoodtothebackofthestoreandbanthemfromtheshelvesatcheckoutlines.Theothermeasuresincluderestrictingportionsizes,taxingandprohibitingspecialpricedealsforjunkfoods,andplacingwarninglabelsontheproducts.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.WhatdotheRandresearchersthinkofmanyofthepolicymeasurestocontrolobesity?Theyshouldbeimplementedeffectively.Theyprovidemisleadinginformation.Theyarebasedonwrongassumptions.Theyhelppeoplemakerationalchoices.Whydopolicymakersofalcoholcontrolplacedensityrestrictions?Fewpeopleareabletoresistalcohol'stemptations.Therearealreadytoomanystoressellingalcohol.Drinkingstrongalcoholcancausesocialproblems.Easyaccessleadstocustomers'over-consumption.WhatisthepurposeofCalifornia,sruleaboutalcoholdisplayingasstations?Toeffectivelylimitthedensityofalcoholoutlets.Tohelpdriverstogiveupthehabitofdrinking.Topreventpossibletrafficjamsinnearbyareas.Togetalcoholoutofdrivers'immediatesight.WhatisthegeneralguidelinetheRandresearcherssuggestaboutjunkfoodcontrol?Guidingpeopletomakerationalchoicesaboutfood.Enhancingpeople'sawarenessoftheirownhealth.Borrowingideasfromalcoholcontrolmeasures.Resortingtoeconomic,legalandpsychologicalmeans.參考答案57.C58.C59.D60.D61.CSectionCPassageOneQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Kodak?sdecisiontofileforbankruptcy（破產(chǎn)）protectionisasad,thoughnotunexpected,turningpointforaleadingAmericancorporationthatpioneeredconsumerphotographyanddominatedthefilmmarketfordecades,butultimatelyfailedtoadapttothedigitalrevolution.AlthoughmanyattributeKodak'sdownfallto“complacency（自滿）,"thatexplanationdoesn,tacknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.Decadesago,Kodakanticipatedthatdigitalphotographywouldovertakefilm一andinfact,Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975-butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.Itwasn'tthatKodakwasblindtothefuture,saidRebeccaHenderson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool,butratherthatitfailedtoexecuteonastrategytoconfrontit.Bythetimethecompanyrealizeditsmistake,itwastoolate.Kodakisanexampleofafirmthatwasverymuchawarethattheyhadtoadapt,andspentalotofmoneytryingtodoso,butultimatelyfailed.Largecompanieshaveadifficulttimeswitchingintonewmarketsbecausethereisatemptationtoputexistingassetsintothenewbusinesses.AlthoughKodakanticipatedtheinevitableriseofdigitalphotography,itscorporate(企業(yè)的)culturewastoorootedinthesuccessesofthepastforittomakethecleanbreaknecessarytofullyembracethefuture.Theywereacompanystuckintime.Theirhistorywassoimportanttothem.Nowtheirhistoryhasbecomealiability.Kodak'sdownfalloverthelastseveraldecadeswasdramatic.In1976,thecompanycommanded90%ofthemarketforphotographicfilmand85%ofthemarketforcameras.Butthe1980sbroughtnewcompetitionfromJapanesefilmcompanyFujiPhoto,whichunderminedKodakbyofferinglowerpricesforfilmandphotosupplies.Kodak'sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.ThebidwentinsteadtoFuji,whichexploiteditssponsorshiptowinapermanentfootholdinthemarketplace.WhatdowelearnaboutKodak?Itwentbankruptallofasudden.Itisapproachingitsdownfall.Itinitiatedthedigitalrevolution