人教版新課標2019-2020學年選修六第五單元Unit5Thepowerofnature單元綜合測評含答案詳解

Unit5thepowerofnature單元綜合測評（時間：100分鐘分值:120分）選擇題部分I.閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)（共10小題;每小題2.5分，滿分25分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AAvalanches（雪崩）areoneofthosenaturaldisastersthatcancausegreatdamageandonlyMotherNatureknowswhenandwherethey'regoingtooccur.Evenwithmoderntechnologyit 'sstillimpossibletoknowexactlywhenorwhereoneisgoingtooccur.Mountainclimbersarewisetobecareful,asavalancheskillmanyofthemeachyear.Thephysicsofhowandwhyanavalancheoccursiscomplex.Therearetimesofhigherprobability.Duringtheyear,thetransitionfromwintertospringwillcausesomesnowandicetomelt,whichmaytriggeravalanches.Alsoatdaybreakthereisahigherprobabilityduetothetemperaturechange.Whileclimbershikeupslopes（斜坡）,somedistancebetweentheclimbersshouldbekept.Ifanavalancheoccurs,thentherewillbefewerliveslostandahigherprobabilitythatsomeonewillbeabletoseekhelp.Sinceanaccidentismorelikelytohappenwhenatoplayerofsnowisloose,avoidareaswhereheavysnoworrainhasrecentlyoccurred.Trytochooseareasthatyouarefamiliarwithandstayinareaswithrocks,bushesandtrees.Treesandbushesallowsnowtopileupandkeepthelayersstable（穩(wěn)定的）.Ifanavalancheoccurs,treeswilltaketheimpactofthesnow,sothereisabetterchanceofbeingsafe.Climbersmustalsopayattentiontothedegreeoftheslope.Avalancheswon 'toccuronlevgroundandthereislittlesnowfallonverysteepareas.Thegreatestdangerisinareaswheretheslopeisbetween25and40degrees.Rememberthat,ifyougetstuckinanavalanche,thereisnocarhireavailabletotakeyoutothenearestairport..Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Manymountainclimbersdieofavalancheseachyear.B.Ofallthenaturaldisasters,avalanchescausethegreatestdamage.C.Mostclimberswhomeetavalanchesdiefornotpayingenoughattentiontoavalanches.D.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,avalanchescannowbepredictedexactly..Theunderlinedwordatrigger"inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans". ”A.makeuseof B.resultinC.putanendto D.slowdowntwouldn'tbeagoodideaforaclimbertowhileclimbingamountain.A.keepsomedistancefromotherclimbersB.avoidareaswhereheavysnoworrainhasrecentlyoccurredC.chooseareasthatheorsheisfamiliarwithD.climbupaslopewhichisbetween25and40degreesThegroundwewalkonseemsfirm,butdeepundertheearthandundertheseatherockschangeandmove.Insomepartsoftheworldthereare“firemountains"whichwecallvolcanoes.Fromtimetotimetheyburstopenandthrowoutfireandburningash.Thesevolcanoesareverydangerous.HongKongdoesnothaveanyvolcanoesbuttherearemanyinIndonesiaandthePhilippines.ThereisalsoafamousmountainnearTokyo,Japan,whichisavolcanotoo.ItsnameisMountFuji.Formuchoftheyear,itiscoveredwithsnow.OneofthemostfamousvolcanoeswhicheruptedinrecenttimeswasKrakatoa,onanislandinIndonesia.Thefirstexplosions（爆發(fā)）tookplaceon20thMay,1883,butthebigeruptiondidnotcomeuntilthe26thand27thAugustofthatyear.Thepeopleontheislandwereusedtotheexplosionsbythattime,andsotheywerecompletelyunpreparedforthisterriblehappening.Almostallthepeopleontheislanddiedandtheexplosionalsomadehugewavesinthesea,whichdrowned（淹死）manypeopleontheotherislandnearby.Aftertheeruptionwasover,peoplesawthatthewholenorthernpartoftheislandhadcompletelydisappeared.Scientistssaythat15cubic（立方的）kilometresofrocksandashwerethrownupintheexplosion.Thenoiseoftheexplosionwasheardnearly5,000kilometresawayinthemiddleoftheIndianOcean,andthecityofJakartawascompletelydarkforabouttwoandahalfhours..Therearemanyvolcanoes.A.everywhereintheworldB.undertheearthandthesea C.inHongKongD.inIndonesia.MountFujiisfamousjustbecause.A.itiscoveredwithsnowformuchoftheyearB.itisavolcanoC.itisnearTokyoD.itisinJapan6.ThepeoplenearKrakatoawereunpreparedwhenithaditsbiggestexplosionbecausepeoplethere.A.hadnevermetanyexplosionsofthevolcanobeforeB.wereusedtotheexplosionsofthevolcanobythattimeC.didn'twanttoleavetheirislandD.coulddonothingbutwaitCAreyouamorningperson?Youmightnotlikethefindingsinthisnewresearch.Fromalackofairanddrinkingwatertosolarradiation,theoreticalMarspioneersfaceanynumberofpotentialobstaclestosettlingontheredplanet.Now,scientistshavefoundsomethingelsetoaddtothelist:seriouslymessed-upbiologicalclocks.OnedayonMars—whichscientistsrefertoasthesolarday,or is37minutessonger—thanadayonEarth.AteamofEuropeanscientistsrecentlydemonstratedwhythatcouldbeaproblem.Circadianrhythmsarethebody'saturalcyclesofrestandwaking,whichtendtofollowroughly24-hourlight-darkcycles.Thesenaturalrhythms—whichplayaroleinbiologicalfunctionsincludingbrainwaveactivityandhormoneproduction—canbeinterruptedbythingslikejetlag（時差）andnightshiftwork.Forthestudy,theresearcherscomparedmicewithhealthy,24-hourcircadianclockstomicewithageneticchangethatcausedthemtohaveshorter,20-hourcircadianclocks.Themicewithhealthybiologicalclocksweremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whilethemicewithshorterbiologicalclocksweremorelikelytodieoff.Whatdoesthisallhavetodowithspacetravel?SincetheMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth,peoplewithshortercircadianclockscouldsufferfromhealthproblemsastheytrytoadapttotherotationalspeedoftheredplanet.Unfortunately,thebodyisunlikelytoadapttothenewconditionsor“l(fā)earnto“developalongerclock.AsLoudonexplained, “Learningisnotalikelyoption. ”Inotherwords:sorry,super-earlyrisers—NASAmightnotwantyouforthenextMarsmission.7.Fromthepassage,peoplecanfacethefollowingtroubleslivingonMarsEXCEPT.A.absenceofairB.alotoffiercecreaturesC.lackofdrinkingwaterD.messed-upbiologicalclocks8.Accordingtoscientists,howlongdoesonedayonMarslast?24hours.23hoursand23minutes.24hoursand37minutes.12hoursand37minutes.9.HowdidtheresearchersstudywhateffectlivingonMarshasonsleep?Bycomparingdifferentmice.Byanalysingcomputerdata.Byexperimentsinspaceships.Byobservingandjudging.10.LifeonMarswouldseriouslymessupyoursleepbecause.thebrainwaveactivitywillbeinterruptedthebody'snaturalcyclescanbeshortenedhormoneproductionwillhurtbiologicalfunctionstheMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth第二節(jié)（共5小題每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Long,longagopeoplecouldn'twriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.Peoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestooneanother.Sometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.11TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus（紙莎草）plants.PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousepapyrusfromtheEgyptians.12Soparchment（羊皮2氏），madefromgoatskin,latertookitsplace.InancientChinabookslookedalittledifferent.Atthattime,peoplethereusedinktowriteonbambooorsilk.Andthentheyinventedpaper.Madeoftrees,paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.13Paper-makinglaterspreadtotheWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.Everysingleonehadtobecopiedandwrittenbyhand.Theycarved（雕亥U）apageofwordsintoapieceofwoodorstone.Theycouldthenprintthepagebyspreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.ButitwasnuntilaGermanprinterinventedmovable,metallettersthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Theletterscouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andthelettersputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.Oncealuxury（奢侈品）onlytherichcouldbuy,theysoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy.A.ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinEgypt.B.Ittookyearstofinishmakingjustonebook.C.Finallybookscouldbeprintedbythethousands.D.Thingsgrewalittleeasierwhenwritingwasinvented.E.Itssurfacewassmootherandbetterforwritingontoo.F.BooksintheWestdidn'tchangeforalongtimeafterthat.G.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.n.完形填空（共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。HeavyrainandatyphoonhavecausedtheworstfloodinginThailand（泰國）inmorethan50years.Thefloodhas16sevenoftheAsiancountry's50districts,killingnearly400peopleandcausing17 110,000toleavetheirhomes.Floodinghasalready18oneofBangkok'twoairports.Butthemain19isthattheChaoPhrayaRiver,whichflowsright20themetropolis（大者B市），willseverelyfloodthecitywhenhightides（潮汐）happen.OnSaturday,thetideinBangkok,thecapitalofThailand,isexpectedtobe8.5feet21.Thatwouldtopthe8.2-foot-tallfloodwalls（防洪堤）22alargepartoftheinnercity.Thefloodwallsaren'tmeant23somuchwaterforthislong,andthegovernmentisworriedthatmajorbarrierscould24.Toprepareforpossiblyheavierflooding,25Buddhistmonksarecreatingafloodwallaroundthe200-year-oldTempleofDawn 26pilinghundredsofsandbags.PhramahaAbhin,a42-year-oldmonk,saidhedidn't27 thewaterwouldgethighenoughtocauseseriousproblems.28,themonkshavetoprotectthetemplejustincasethewater29goup.Monksaren'ttheonlyonesgngti30.Bangkok'scitizensarebeginningtostorefoodandwater,and31somepeoplehavebeenbuyingbrightorangelifejacketsandotherthings.mployeesattheshopsaidtheyhadsoldover3,000 32inthelastweek.Someofthebuyersneedthemtogettotheirfloodedhomeoutsidethecapital,33manyroadsareunderwater.Officialssaythefloodhasalreadycaused$6billion'34tothecountry.ButthatamountcoulddoubleifthewaterfloodsBangkok.35thecitizenshavebeenabletomanageBangkok'sfloodingsofar,theymaynotbeabletoholdonformuchlonger..A.equippedB.providedC.suppliedD.covered.A.otherB.moreC.anotherD.theother.A.stoppedB.closedC.delayedD.opened.A.worry B.luckC.wishD.aim.A.throughB.acrossC.overD.above.A.deep B.wideC.highD.long.A.keepingB.protecting

C.damaging D.preventing.A.absorb B.removeC.destroyD.handle.A.disappearB.settleC.completeD.break.A.agreatdealofB.manyaC.dozensof.A.agreatdealofB.manyaC.dozensof.A.with B.for.A.think B.suggestC.want.A.HoweverB.ThereforeD.largeamountsof

C.by D.atD.adviseC.Otherwise D.Besides.A.canB.needC.shouldD.must.A.worriedB.readyC.anxiousD.eager.A.even B.ever C.nearlyD.never.A.carsB.bikesC.trucksD.boats.A.where B.whichC.that D.what.A.lossB.injuryC.harmD.ruin.A.SinceB.As C.WhenD.While非選擇題部分m.語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AbriefintroductiontoGandhiMohandasGandhi(1869—1948),anIndiannationalhero,washonoured36.thefatheroftheIndiannation.HehasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.HewasborninIndiain1869.Followingthelocalcustom,hegot37.(marry)attheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,38.hestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.InSouthAfricahewas39.(surprise)tofindthattheproblemofracialdiscrimination(種族歧視)wasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandstartedamagazinetofight40.equalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,41.IndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleand(depend)forhiscountry.InthepoliticalmovementmanyIndiansincludingGandhiwereputinprison.43.,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogive44.andIndiawonitsindependencein1947.45.(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.W.寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)應用文寫作(滿分15分)假定你是李華，作為交換生(anexchangestudent)正在英國WindmillCollege學習。今天早晨你騎車上學時不小心刮擦到了一輛停在路邊的汽車。由于急著上學 ，你無法在原地等候車主。請留一張便條，內(nèi)容包括：.表明身份；.簡述事情經(jīng)過；.道歉并表示愿意賠償；.聯(lián)系方式(Tel:5893671E-mail:Lihua@)。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第二節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）閱讀下面短文根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。Susie'scompositionSusieSmithcamehomefromschooloneday,andhadnosoonerenteredthesittingroomthansheburstintotears. "Whatisthematter,mydearchihermother,draWinsaidrdaughtertohersideandsmiling.“Ohmother,matterenough,“sobbedSusie."Allourclassmustbringincompositionstomorrowmorning,andInever,nevercanwriteone.Wemustwritetwelvelinesatleast,andIhavewrittenonlyafewwordsaftertryingnearlyalltheafternoon.SeewhatworkIhavemadeofit!”MrsSmithtooktherumpled（弄皺的）,tear-stainedpaperwhichSusieheldinherhand,andglancedatwhatshehadwritten.Inacarefulhandshehadtriedtowriteuponthreethemes:"Time" "Temperances^）"and"Industry（）”.“Timeisshort.Weshouldallimproveourtime. "TTemperanceisaveryusefulthing.shouldallbeindustriousifwewishtodoanythingintheworld. "Thesesentenceswereallshewritten.“Now,"saidSusie,"Ican'tthinkofanotherwordtosayuponanyetithects,andIknowIshallhavetogotoschoolwithoutacomposition,forIwon 'tbesomeanastocopyonefromabook,ortoaskyouorPapatowriteoneforme. ”TThatisright,mydear, "saidhermother."Youwillbefarhappierwithapoorcomposition,ifitisallyourown,thanwithafineonewrittenbysomebodyelse.Butcheerup.Youhavenotbegunright—youhavebeentryingtowriteuponsubjectsthatyouknownothingabout.Runintothegardenandplay.Iwillcallyouinhalfanhour. ”BButmycomposition-beganSusie."Don'thinkaboutyourcompositionwhileyouaregone,“saidMrsSmith,“buthaveaspleasantatimeasyoucan. ”ItseemedbutafewminutestoSusiebeforesheheardhermothervoicecallingsher.Shewentintothehouseatonce—herhandsfullofsweetflowers,andhercheeksrosywithexercise.一、/汪后：.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為 150左右；.至少使用5個短文中標有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語 ；.續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；.續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph1:Now,Susie“saidhermother,Iwantyoutositbythewindowandwritesomethingaboutwhatyoucan ”see. Paragraph2:Justasshehadreachedthebottomofthepage,hermothercamein.單元綜合測評參考答案I.第一節(jié)A【文章大意】 本文介紹了一種自然災害 ——雪崩的有關(guān)情況。.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的 “…avalancheskillmanyofthemeachyear.可知A項正確。.B詞義猜測題。第二段主要講雪崩多發(fā)的時間 ，故可以判斷冬春季節(jié)交替時引起的雪和冰的融化會導致雪崩的發(fā)生。3.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的 "Thegreatestdangerisinareaswheretheslopeisbetween25and40degrees.可知,25度到40度之間的斜坡是最危險的，故選D項。B【文章大意】 本文以喀拉喀托火山為重點，介紹了火山爆發(fā)的一些情況。4.D細節(jié)理解題。從第——段第二句 "Insomepartsoftheworldthereare 'firemountains',whicwecallvolcanoes.和第七段第一句 "HongKongdoesnothaveanyvolcanoesbuttherearemanyinIndonesiaandthePhilippines.可知火山并不是到處都有，排除A項和B項;香港沒有火山，排除C項。故選D項。5.B細節(jié)理解題。從第二段中"ThereisalsoafamousmountainnearTokyo,Japan,whichisavolcanotoo.ItsnameisMountFuji.可知富士山出名主要是因為它是一座火山。6.B細節(jié)理解題。從第三段第三句 "Thepeopleontheislandwereusedtotheexplosionsbythattime,andsotheywerecompletelyunpreparedforthisterriblehappening. 可知當?shù)氐娜藗円选?jīng)習慣了之前的多次火山爆發(fā)，因此，當最大的爆發(fā)發(fā)生時，人們沒有準備。C【文章大意】本文為說明文，主要介紹了在火星上生活需要面臨的生物鐘紊亂的問題。7.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的描述可知 ，人們在火星上生活會面臨缺少空氣、飲用水和生物鐘將被打亂的問題。全文沒有提及火星上存在兇猛的生物。故 B選項正確。.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的 "OnedayonMarswhichscientistsrefertoasthesolarday,or'sol'—is37minuteslongerthanadayonEath.上的一天，也就是科學家們所說的太陽日，比地球上的一天長 37分鐘）可知,火星上的一天會持續(xù) 24小日37分鐘。故C選項正確。.A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的 "Forthestudy,theresearcherscomparedmicewithhealthy,24-hourcircadianclockstomicewithageneticchangethatcausedthemtohaveshorter,20-hourcircadianclocks.在這項研究中，研究人員將健康的、24小時生物鐘的老鼠與基因發(fā)生變化的老鼠進行了對比，基因發(fā)生變化的老鼠的生物鐘更短 ，只有20小時）可知，研究人員通過比較不同的老鼠來研究生活在火星上對睡眠的影響。故A選項正確。.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的 "SincetheMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth,peoplewithshortercircadianclockscouldsufferfromhealthproblemsastheytrytoadapttotherotationalspeedoftheredplanet. 由于火星上的十天比地球上的一天長 ，生物鐘較短的人在試圖適應這顆紅色星球的轉(zhuǎn)速時 ，可能會出現(xiàn)健康問題）可推知，火星上的生活將嚴重干擾你的睡眠，因為火星上的一天比地球上的一天長。故D選項正確。第二節(jié)【文章大意】這是一篇說明文 ,文章講述了書的發(fā)展史 ,包括紙的演變、 如何更快地復印等方面。.D根據(jù)第二段第一句“TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus(紙莎草 )plants.可知”,古埃及人把他們的故事寫在用紙莎草這種植物制作的東西上?？仗幵诔薪拥谝欢蔚膬?nèi)容的同時引起第二段的內(nèi)容 ,故選 D。.A根據(jù)前文可知,由于紙莎草做的東西可以用來記錄故事 ,所以其他地方的人也想采用這種方法;后文又提到一種羊皮紙 ,說它后來取代了紙莎草紙 ,說明其他地方的人得到紙莎草不容易,才會選擇替代物,故選A。.E根據(jù)前一句“Madeoftrees,paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.可知”,用樹木制成的紙 ,相比莎草紙和羊皮紙更加便宜和容易制作。所以這一段是在講用樹木制作的紙的特點,故選E。.G這一空為段首的句子。結(jié)合整段內(nèi)容可知,這一段是在講述怎樣讓書的制造過程更加簡易和迅速，再結(jié)合選項G中的speed可以得出答案，故選G。.C此處為最后一段的首句。本段是說現(xiàn)在的書可以成千上萬地復印和制作了,故選C。n.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹了泰國50多年來最嚴重的一次洪災。.D根據(jù)下文可知洪災覆蓋 (cover)了泰國的許多地區(qū)。.Canother和more都可以表示另外”的意思，more用在數(shù)詞之后，another用在數(shù)詞之前。.B洪水導致機場暫時關(guān)閉。.A下文提到該河水流經(jīng)大都市 ,如果漲潮,城市就會被淹沒 ,這是最讓人擔心的事情。.A河水流經(jīng)某地應用through。.C上文提到hightides,下文提到topthe8.2-foot-tallfloodwalls,所以此處應該用high。.B根據(jù)常識可知防洪堤應該是保護城市的中心區(qū)。.D防洪堤不能長時間地應對這么大的洪水。.D 政府所擔心的就是大壩的垮塌。 disappear消失;settle解決;complete完成;break垮塌。.C 根據(jù)下文可知 ,此處需要選擇一個可跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的短語。.C根據(jù)下文把沙袋堆在一起可知,此處表示的是用什么方式 ,故用 by。.A 根據(jù)下文可知 ,這里講的是他的看法。.A上文談到他認為洪水不會引起嚴重的問題,下文談到他們準備好以防萬一。上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。.C should表示“萬一”。30.B根據(jù)下文居民儲備糧食、水以及買救生衣等行為可知 ,他們是在做準備。.A 此處表遞進關(guān)系,故用 even。.D根據(jù)到達被淹沒的家判斷 ,需要的交通工具是船。.A那兒的許多路被水淹沒了。此處用where引導定語從句。.A由于提到具體的數(shù)目 ,這里應該是指洪災給這個國家造成的損失 ,故用 loss。.D 盡管(while)市民能夠控制住目前的洪水 ，但他們可能不會堅持太久。m.【文章大意】 本文為人物傳記。甘地是印度民族的英雄 ，被尊為印度民族之父。他一直受到印度人的尊敬和愛戴。.as考查介詞。句意 :甘地 (1869—1948),印度民族英雄 ,被尊為印度民族之父。固定搭配 :behonouredas被尊為“”。as“作為”。故填 as。.married 考查固定用法。 marry是動詞，意為和……結(jié)婚，娶某人，嫁給某人固定搭配:get/bemarried結(jié)婚”。故填married。.where考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，先行詞是England,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,應使用關(guān)系副詞 where引導。故填 where。.surprised 考查形容詞。was后跟形容詞surprised作表語。此處意為在南非，他驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)種族歧視問題是嚴重的 故填surprisedo.for考查介詞。句意：在那里他成立了一個組織，開辦了一個雜志，為平等的權(quán)利而斗爭。固定搭配:fightforsth為…，?而斗爭"。故填for。.when 考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知這是一個定語從句 ，先行詞