第3講 數(shù)詞、冠詞

第3講數(shù)詞、冠詞

(一)數(shù)詞1．?dāng)?shù)詞的分類英語中的數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞(表數(shù)量)和序數(shù)詞(表順序)。2．基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法(1)一般在詞尾加th。如：fourth,tenth,thirteenth等。(2)以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，先變y為ie，再加th。twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,ninetieth等。(3)“幾十幾”的數(shù)詞變化在個(gè)位上。如：twenty-fourth,onehundredandeighty-sixth等。(4)特殊變化有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth以及twelfth。注意：序數(shù)詞的縮寫方法：阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字＋序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母。如：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,103rd等。3．?dāng)?shù)詞的用法(1)基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。Therearetwelvemonthsinayear,andthethirdoneisMarch.注意：①基數(shù)詞表具體的數(shù)量時(shí)后面的數(shù)量單位(hundred,thousand,million,billion)一律用單數(shù)，表不具體、大約數(shù)量時(shí)用它們的復(fù)數(shù)＋of＋名詞。threehundred/thousand/million/billionpeople(√)threehundreds/thousands/millions/billionspeople()hundreds/thousands/millions/billionsofpeople(√)②序數(shù)詞前一般要加定冠詞the,表示“第幾個(gè)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)順序；但也可以在其前面加a/an，表示“又一個(gè)、另一個(gè)”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)順序。ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveseenthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilmbefore,butIwanttoseeitasecondtime.(2)表時(shí)間①表時(shí)刻。8：15eightfifteen＝aquarterpasteight7：30seventhirty＝halfpastseven9：45nineforty-five＝aquartertotenfifteen可說成quarter,thirty可說成half。②表日期。March21,1998/March21st,1998(讀作Marchthetwenty-first,nineteenninety-eight)＝21March,1998/21stMarch,1998(讀作thetwenty-firstofMarch,nineteenninety-eight)③表年份。注意以下年份的讀法：1902nineteenOtwo或nineteenhundredandtwo1900nineteenhundred2000twothousand2007twothousandandseven④表年代，歲數(shù)。Hewasborninthe1960s/1960'sandisinhisfortiesnow.4．分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)(1)用英語讀、寫分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞；當(dāng)分子大于一時(shí)，分母要用復(fù)數(shù)。1/3(onethird),4/5(fourfifths)注意：當(dāng)分母是2和4時(shí)，可以用half和quarter代替。1/2(asecond＝onesecond＝ahalf)1/4(afourth＝onefourth＝aquarter)3/4(threefourths＝threequarters)(2)小數(shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)①小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point，其前后的數(shù)都用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)。0．03zeropointzerothree3．14threepointonefour②百分?jǐn)?shù)用percent表示。5%fivepercent0．1%zeropointonepercent注意：當(dāng)小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)用作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其代表的名詞的意義決定。如果是單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)；如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Threequartersofhisbodywasbadlyhurt.Fiftypercentofthemeatisbad.Onefifthofthebooksbelongtome.()1.TheearthquakeinYa'anleft______peoplehomeless.A．twothousandsB．thousandsof(2013·濟(jì)寧)C．twothousandsofD．twothousandof解析：考查數(shù)詞的用法。thousandsof意為“成千上萬的”，表示不確切的數(shù)字。由句意“雅安地震讓成千上萬的人無家可歸?！保源鸢高xB。()2.—Whatshouldwedonow，Mr.Clark?—PleaseturntoPage_____andlookatthe_____picture.A．Twelve；fifthB．Twelfth；fifth(2013·黃岡)C．Twelve；fiveD．Twelfth；five解析：考查數(shù)詞，在名詞之后用基數(shù)詞，都大寫，是專用名詞；在名詞之前用序數(shù)詞，表示第……。故選A。()3.Mother'sDayisonthe______SundayinMayeveryyear.A．twoB．secondC．sixD．sixth(2013·濟(jì)南)解析：考查數(shù)詞的用法。由常識可知，母親節(jié)是在每年五月的第二個(gè)星期天。根據(jù)the判斷此處應(yīng)該使用序數(shù)詞。所以答案選B。()4.Everyyear,______peoplegotovisittheirfactory.A．a(chǎn)thousandofB．thousands(2011·清遠(yuǎn))C．thousandofD．thousandsof解析：考查數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞hundred，thousand，million等后面跟of時(shí)，要變復(fù)數(shù)。排除C。thousand前接具體數(shù)字時(shí)，后面不能跟of，排除A。thousands后要加of，排除B，所以答案選D。()5.Lastyear，IvisitedachemicalfactoryinBaise，thereareabout______workersinit.(2011·百色)A．sixthousandsB．sixthousandC．sixthousandsofD．sixthousandof解析：本考查數(shù)詞的用法，“六千名工人”的正確表達(dá)是“sixthousandworkers”，所以答案選B。()6.About______ofthestudentsinourclasswereborninthe______.(2011·綏化)A．two-thirds；1990sB．two-thirds；1990C．two-third；1990s解析：數(shù)詞的考查。分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母為序數(shù)詞。分子不是一的，分母序數(shù)詞加s。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。故選A。(二)冠詞1．冠詞的分類冠詞分為不定冠詞(a/an)、定冠詞(the)兩種。2．不定冠詞a/an的用法a用于輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。它們主要有以下用法：(1)表種類。Ahorseisveryusefulhere.＝Thehorseisveryusefulhere.＝Horsesareveryusefulhere.Mybrotherisacollegestudentnow.(2)泛指某類人或事物中的一個(gè)。Iwantanapple,notapear.(3)相當(dāng)于“one”，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。(強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量時(shí)用one)Thereisa“u”andan“s”intheword“use”．Wehaveonlyoneearth.Ihaveonesisterandtwobrothers.(4)用于某些固定短語中。alotof,alittle,afew,abitof,anumberof等。

()1.HanMeimeiis______Chinesegirl.Lucyis______Englishgirl.A．a(chǎn)；aB．a(chǎn)n；anC．a(chǎn)；anD．a(chǎn)n；a()2.Alittleboywrote______“U”and______“n”onthewall.A．a(chǎn)；anB．a(chǎn)n；aC．a(chǎn)n；anD．a(chǎn)；a()3.Therearesixtyminutesin______hour.A．a(chǎn)nB．theC．a(chǎn)D．/()4.Heleftinsuch______hurrythatheforgottoclosethedoor.A．/B．a(chǎn)C．a(chǎn)nD．the3．定冠詞the的用法(1)指特定的人或物。ThemanovertherewillbeourChineseteachernextterm.Doyouknowthenameoftheboy?(2)指說話人和聽話人都知道的人或物。Wouldyoupleasecleantheblackboardforme?PleaseturnontheTV.(3)指前面提到過的人或物。Iboughtabookyesterday,andthebookisveryinteresting.There'samanandawomaninthephoto.ThemanisTom'sfatherandthewomanishismother.CAAB(4)指世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。Aseverybodyknows,theearthgoesroundthesun.(5)用于形容詞的最高級和序數(shù)詞前。Heistheyoungestofthefour.Decemberisthetwelfthmonthoftheyear.(6)用于普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,theHimalayas(喜馬拉雅山脈),theWhiteHouse(白宮)(7)用于部分形容詞前，表示一類人。therich富人，thepoor窮人，theold老人，theyoung年輕人(8)用于姓氏前，表示一家人或夫婦二人。TheWhitesarehavingdinnernow.(9)用于某些固定短語中。ontheleft(right),intheeast(west/south/north),inthemorning,bytheway,intheend,allthesame,allthetimeI．在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~。1．Manypeoplecameheretovisit_____oldcastle.2．Hewasgiven____penand____form.Heisgoingtousethepentofillouttheform.3．______carisbadlydamaged.4．________horseisausefulanimal.5．Thisis______mostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.6．Sheisin_____thirdgroup.II.單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.Chinaisoneof______oldestcountriesin______world.A．the；theB．the；/C．a(chǎn)；aD．a(chǎn)n；the()2.Someanimals，like______cat，______dogor______wolf，donotneedtohibernate.A．/；/；theB．the；the；theC．a(chǎn)；/；theD．the；/；/()3.______UnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.A．AnB．AC．TheD．/()4.Heis______tallerofthetwoboys.A．/B．theC．a(chǎn)D．a(chǎn)n4．不用冠詞的情況(1)表泛指或種類時(shí)，復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。HelikeseatingbananaswhileIlikeeatingmangos.theaaTheTheAthetheABCB(2)不定指時(shí)，不可數(shù)名詞前不能用冠詞。I'dliketodrinksomewatermelonjuiceinsteadofbeer.(3)人名、地名、國家名等專有名詞前一般不用冠詞。TokyoisthecapitalofJapan.JohnhadworkedinHongKongbeforehecametoChongqing.(4)名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞時(shí)，不再用冠詞。Lookatthatman.Heismyfather'sfriend.Heismyfirstfriend.Andheisalsomybestfriend.(5)季節(jié)、月份、星期，以及節(jié)假日的名詞前面一般不用冠詞。September10thisTeachers'Day.It'sFridaytoday.Ilikespringbetterthantheotherseasons.(6)棋類、球類以及一日三餐前一般不用冠詞。playchess,playfootball,havelunch(7)語言、學(xué)科以及稱呼語的前面不用加冠詞。WehaveChinese,English,mathandsomeothersubjects.(8)表職位的名詞前一般不用冠詞。Ishallmakehimkingallovertheworld.(9)某些固定短語前不用冠詞。atnoon/night,infact,in(on)time,bybus/bike/car/train/plane/taxi,onfoot

()1.Doyouknow______girlingreen？Sheisourmonitor.(2013·河北)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．不填解析：考查定冠詞的用法。此處表示特指，故用定冠詞the，故答案應(yīng)選C。()2.—Who'sthatyoungmanontheposter?—JustinBieber______excellentsinger.(2013·紹興)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．/解析：考查不定冠詞用法。excellentsinger是對JustinBieber身份的補(bǔ)充說明，表示泛指時(shí)，前面用不定冠詞a或an表示，排除C和D；又因?yàn)閑xcellent首發(fā)音是元音，故前用an，選B。()3.—Look，Who's______boyoverthere?—Oh，heismycousinBob.Heis______honestboy.(2013·邵陽)A；theB．the；anC．the；a解析：考查冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)空表特指，指那邊的男孩，故用定冠詞the。第二個(gè)空后的honest的h不發(fā)音，音標(biāo)為nist以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。所以選擇B。()1.______rainsarefasterthan______buses.A．/；/B．The；/C．/；theD．The；a()2.Shesaw______EnglishfilmlastSunday.Butshecannotremember______nameof______film.A．a(chǎn)n；a；aB．a(chǎn)；the；aC．a(chǎn)n；the；aD．a(chǎn)n；the；theAD()4.—John,mayIuseyourcar?Iwanttogotothelibrary.—Sure.Hereis______key.(2013·湖州)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．/解析：考查冠詞的用法根據(jù)句意可知是特指你的汽車的鑰匙，而不是任一輛汽車的鑰匙，特指用定冠詞the，故選C。()5.—HaveyouwatchedthemovieIron

Man?—Ofcourse，it's______fantasticmovie！(2013·衢州)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．不填解析：本題考查冠詞的用法，a用于以輔音因素開頭的單詞前面，an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前面，the表示特指某種事物，fantastic意為“奇異的，極好的”，以輔音因素開頭，故選A。()6.Itsjustashortdistancefromhereto______restaurant.(2013·濟(jì)寧)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．不填解析：考查冠詞的用法。指代說話者雙方都知道的事物常用冠詞the，句意“從這兒到那個(gè)飯店距離不長”，故選C。I．單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.—Howwasyourweekend?—Great！Itwasmygrandmother's______birthday.Weenjoyed______.(2013·達(dá)州)A．ninth，themselvesB．ninetieth，ourselvesC．theninetieth，ourselvesD．nineteenth，themselves()2.—“FoodSafety”hasbecomeoneofthehottesttopicsrecently.—Yeah，itreceives______Internethits(點(diǎn)擊)aday.(2013·宜賓)A．thousandsB．thousandofC．thousandsofD．tenthousands()3.Weplanted______treeslastyear.(2013·雅安)A.hundredsofB．hundredofC．fivehundredsD．fivehundredof()4.Itistheboy's______birthdaytoday.Heisfiveyearsoldnow.(2013·成都)A．fifteenB．fifthC．five()5.Mysisterlikesplaying______piano，butshedoesn'tlikeplaying______football.(2013·達(dá)州)A．the，theB．/，theC．the，/D．a(chǎn)，an()6.—Howis______filmyousawlastnight?—Youmean______one，Lost

in

Thailand(泰囧)？That'swonderful！(2013·內(nèi)江)A．a(chǎn)；theB．the；theC．the；/D．/；theBCABCB()7.—Let'splay______soccer.—Idon'thave______soccerball.(2013·宜賓)A．不填；aB．the；aC．a(chǎn)；theD．不填；the()8.—Howdoyoulike______colorofmydress?—Wonderful！Ilikeitverymuch.(2013·重慶)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．/()9.Thereis______egginthebowl.(2013·雅安)A．a(chǎn)B．/C．a(chǎn)nD．The()10.—Let'splaysoccer.—Goodidea！Doyouhave______soccerball？(2013·成都)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．不填()11.Marywasbornin1998andshebegantoplay______guitarattheageofseven.(2013·長沙)A．a(chǎn)B．不填C．the()12.Perhapsthefamousfootballstarwon'tplay______footballanylonger.(2013·上海)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．/()13.—Ienjoyedtheperformanceverymuch.—Yes，itwasreallygood.Ithink______boyinwhitewasthebestactor.(2013·廣州)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．/ACCACDC()14.Ithinkit'sreally______hardworkformetofinishthejobintwentyminutes.(2013·杭州)A．a(chǎn)B．a(chǎn)nC．theD．不填()15.______ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.A．ThreefifthsB．ThreefifthC．ThirdfiveD．Thirdfifths()16.______treeswereplantedonthemountainlastyear.A．ThousandofB．ThousandsofC．FivethousandofD．Fivethousands()17.What______fineweatherwehavethesedays!A．a(chǎn)B．theC．/D．a(chǎn)n()18.Ithinkyouhavedropped______“r”whenwriting“merry”．A．a(chǎn)nB．a(chǎn)C．theD．/()19.Althoughheis______oldman,hecangoto______universityfortheold.A．a(chǎn)n;aB．a(chǎn);anC．a(chǎn);aD．a(chǎn)n;an()20.Theyhavethreechildren.______isagirl.A．ThethreeB．ThethirdC．ThirdD．AthirdDABCAABⅡ.在下列句子的空格處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，不需要的地方打“/”。1．Thereis_____“u”and_____“s”intheword“us”．2．_____doctortoldhimtotake_____medicinethreetimes_____dayandstayinbedtohave_____goodrest,thenhewouldbebettersoon.3．Hereis_____oldpairofshoes.And_____shoesareJim's.4．_____Whitesis_____happyfamily.5．Sheusedtoplay_____violinfor_____old.6．Do_____twinbrotherslike_____Chinesefood?7．Heis_____honestboy,andheisnowstudyingin_____universityinChongqing.8．Theyarein_____sameschoolbutin___differentclasses.9．Mybrotherisarrivinghereinhalf_____hour.10．_____boxonthetableis_____usefulone.aanThetheaaantheTheathethethe/anathe/anTheaI．單項(xiàng)選擇。(每小題1分，共10分)()1.Passme______dictionarynexttotheradio,andIalsoneed______pentotakesomenotes.A．a(chǎn);aB．the;theC．a(chǎn);theD．the;a()2.Theyhad______wonderfultrainridetoChengdubeforetheywentonto______MountEmeibybus.A．a(chǎn);theB．/;theC．a(chǎn);/D．the;a()3.______earthweliveonisbiggerthan______moon.A．The;aB．The;theC．An;aD．An;the()4.Theboysandgirlsoftenplay______footballin______afternoon.A．/;anB．the;anC．/;theD．a(chǎn);the()5.—Didyouseethefootballmatchlastnight?—Yes,Ihaveneverseen______excitingmatchbefore.A．suchaB．soaC．suchanD．soanDCBCC()6.Kateis______baby.A．a(chǎn)ntwomonth-oldB．a(chǎn)twomonth-oldC．a(chǎn)ntwomon