新目標(biāo)八年級下 Review of units 6-10

ReviewofUnits6-10WordspreviewreviewErhusomewhere

n.復(fù)習(xí)；回顧二胡（樂器名）Adv.某處；在某處stampkitecapitalfoxmousepigsnakechildrabbitfilmwinnerislandspringfanautumnbabyCanyourememberthewordsthatyousee?Whataretheirpartsofspeech?(詞性）noun.(名詞)注意:foxeschildren

mouse-mice

babies1.Ihavemany_______(郵票).2.Beijingisthec_______ofChina.3.Haveyoueverbeentoan________(島).4.Perhapsyouhaveseenitin_____(電影).5.Soyoucanchoosetogowheneveryoulike–_______(春),summer,____________(秋)orwinter.6.Therearemanyanimals,likelions,tigersand______(狐貍).7.Catslikecatching_____(老鼠).8.Tomisagood______(孩子).Heoftengiveshistoystoother________(孩子們).9.MrsSmithhasthree________(嬰兒).10.TheyareJaoChou’s______(迷)MemoryCheckstampsapital

foxeschildchildren

islandfilmsspringautumn/fallmicebabiesfansSingaporeisa___________(極好的)placetotakeaholiday.Hereyouwon’thaveanyproblemsfindinglotsoffoodfromChina.Ifyouare_______(勇敢)enough,Singaporeisan

__________(優(yōu)秀的)placetotrynewfood,suchas________(印度的)food,westernfoodandJapanesefood.Singaporehasanightzoocalledthe“NightSafari”.Youcanwatchtheanimalsinthedarkinamore_________(自然的)environmentbecausemanyanimalswakeupatnight.Canyoufillintheblankswithadjectives(形容詞)?wonderfulbraveexcellentIndiannaturalCanyouwriteotheradjectivewords(units6-10)8、Theirpricesarereally_____(低的),aren’tthey?1、Itis__________(不禮貌的)tolaughatothers.2、Lucyisa_________(仔細(xì)的)girl.3、Ithinkthescarfistoo___________（私人的).4、Igota_________(特別的)giftonmyfifthbirthday.5、It’stoonoisyatnight.Ican’tfall___(睡著的).

6、SingingEnglishsongsmadeher_______(有興趣的)inEnglish.7、Thelineis_______(緩慢的),isn’tit?impolitecarefulpersonalspecialasleepinterestedslowlowReadthefourconversatins.Chooseoneofthemtoroleplay(P94)Haveyoumasteredthefollowingphrases?你已經(jīng)掌握以下詞組了嗎?bythewayrunoutofcutinlinehearofturndownlookthroughatleastgetalong7、Ineedsomemoney.I’mgoingto________thenewspaperforaholidayjob.6、I___________wellwithhim.8、Theshoescost__________100yuan.1、______________,what’syourhobby?2、Ididn’tfinishwritingmytestbecauseI_________time.3、I’mtryingtosleep.Couldyou____________themusic.4、Don’t___________whenyouwaitforthebus,please.5、Ihavenever__________thatplace.lookthroughatleastBythewayranoutofturndowncutinlineheardofgetalongforgotflowersstoreonmagazinesgraduateintestanyonedoesalwaysoniononeheeclecicmdsntnprnpekn

xpeniv1.ThepasttenseofforgetDown

forgotReadthecluesandcompletethecrossword2._______arekindofbeautifulgifts.3.Ihavetogotothe______tobuysnacks.4.What’s____TVtonight?5.Theyarebiggerthanbooksbutsmallerthannewspapers.7.Shehasalreadyfinisheduniversity.Sheisacollege______.9.Theoppositeofout.11.I’mpreparingforthemath_____.12.________canlearntospeakEnglish.13.Idoandhe_____.15.Ineverdrinkmilk,butI______drinkwater.17.Apopularvegetable.20.______,two,three.21.Theoppositeofshe.FlowersstoreonmagazinesgraduateintestAnyonedoesalwaysoniononeheAcross5.Ihavealotofworktodo.Couldyouhelp___?6.Howlonghaveyoubeen_________stamps?8.Doyoulikethrillersor________.10.Thisisthereviewof______6-10.12.Ilikebananas_____icecream.14.My______ssaidIwaslazy.16.Englishisimportant___youmuststudyhard.18.Shecan’t______Chinese.19.Theoppositeofyes.22.Theoppositeofcheap.ReadthecluesandcompletethecrosswordmecollectingcomediesunitsandparentsospeaknoexpensiveBoysGirlsVSGiftgivingfunplacessmalltalkComplaintsHobbiesA:What’syourhobby?B:Myhobbyis…A:Howlonghaveyoubeen…?B:…TalkabouthobbiesMakerequestsIfsomeonesmokesinpublic,whatwouldyousaytohim?A:Wouldyoumindnotsmoking?B:Notatall.I’llstoprightnow.Wouldyoumindnotsmoking?Wouldyoumindputtingoutthecigarette?Couldyoupleasenotsmoke?…Actouttheconversation.GiveadviceMary’sgrandmother’sbirthdayiscoming.Canyoumakesomesuggestionsandtellherreasons?Whydon’tyou…?Whynot..?Howabout/Whatabout?TalkaboutpastexperienceA:Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?B:No,Ihaven’t.Howaboutyou?A:…注意:Me,neitherMe,tooA:B:…Makesmalltalk2aListentothefourconversations.Writethenumberofeachconversationnexttoeachstatementsyouhear.

LiYuandMarydecidetogosomewhere.

JayandLiumeetforthefirsttime.

Chengiveslotsofadvice.

PetergivesLisaalotofhelp.12342bListenagain.Followtheinstructionsnexttoeachpicture.

Picture1

WriteT(fortrue)orF(forfalse).

JayisTom’sbrother.

JayandLiuplaymusictogether.

Jaydoesn’tplaytheguitar.

Jayplaysthepiano.TTTF

Picture2Drawlinestomatch.JanetfouryearsLinsixyearsHarrytenyearsNancytwelveyears

Picture3Check()theplaceswhereMaryandLiYuhavebeento.Picture4DrawlinestomatchcalendarpersonalwatchboringscarfexpensivehatcheapReadthefourconversatins.Chooseoneofthemtoroleplay(P94)3PAIRWORKThinkoffivethingsthatbotheryou.Writerequestsaboutthem.Thentaketurnsmakingrequeststoyourpartnerandlisteningtohisorherreply.A:Hi,Jin.Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusic?B:I’msorry.I’lldoitrightaway.A:Thanks.B:Whatareyoudoing?A:I’mstudyingforamathtest.1.rightaway=atonce=inaminute立刻，馬上類似的不同短語：rightnow現(xiàn)在justnow剛才forthemoment暫時(shí),目前bother打擾，煩憂，攪擾，使惱怒；request作動(dòng)詞講時(shí)，意為要求；請求，申請書；taketurns替換，輪流；

reply回答，答復(fù).重點(diǎn)句型：Wouldyouminddoing...？1.What/Howabout…？2.Whynotdo…?或Whydon’tyoudo…?3.Let’usdo…4.Wouldyouliketodo…?5.Youshould…6.ShallI(we)…?另外還有：You’dbetter(not)do…?你最好（不要）…Iadvisesb.todo…我建議某人做…Isuggest/advicedoing…我建議Wouldn’titbebettertodo…?或It’sbettertodo……不是更好嗎？/最好…復(fù)習(xí)其他向他人提建議的問法4.PAIRWORK1.busstop：Thisbusisalwayslate,isn’tit?2.restaurant：__________________________3.movieline：__________________________4.park：_____________________________5.concert：____________________________Movieline：在影院排隊(duì)Toomanypeoplearewaitinghere,isn’tit?Thefoodhereisalwaysservedlate,isn’tit?Itisverycrowdedhere,isn’tit?Heplaysreallywell,doesn’the?4PAIRWORKWhatsmalltalkwouldyoumakeintheseplaces?Writeexamples.Thenroleplayconversationswithyourpartner.1.busstop:Thisbusisalwayslate,isn’tit?2.restaurant:3.movieline:4.park:5.concert:A:Thisbusisalwayslate,isn’tit?B:Yes,itis.You’regoingtothebeach,aren’tyou?A:Yes.I’mmeetingsomefriendsthere.Toomanypeoplearewaitinghere,isn’tit?Thefoodhereisalwaysservedlate,isn’tit?Itisverycrowdedhere,isn’tit?Heplaysreallywell,doesn’the?5.GROUPWORKWhendidyoustartlearningEnglish?Howlonghaveyoubeenstudying?Howmuchhaveyoulearned?HaveyoueverusedEnglishoutsideofschool?WhatcouldyoudotoimproveyourEnglish?1.Howmuch意為“多少”，后接不可數(shù)名詞；原句的much后省略了English.“howmuch”還可以用來問價(jià)格。2.Improve（1）.及物動(dòng)詞vt.&不及物動(dòng)詞vi.改善,改進(jìn),提高（2）.及物動(dòng)詞vt.提高(土地、地產(chǎn))的價(jià)值利用(機(jī)會)，抓緊(時(shí)間)，改善(道路)（3）.不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.提高；增加；升值常用短語：improveon，改進(jìn)，對…加以提高6.WRITING1.Makerequestsandapologize.request名詞n.（1）.要求,請求Theteachersweredeaftoourrequests.老師對我們的請求一點(diǎn)都聽不進(jìn)去Apologize及物動(dòng)詞vt.&不及物動(dòng)詞vi.1.道歉,謝罪Youforgottoapologize.你忘記道歉了。ImustapologizethatifIoffendedyouIdidn'tmeanto.我必須向您道歉,如果冒犯了您,我不是有意的。2.sofar（1）.到目前為止；迄今為止；到這點(diǎn)為止Sofar,sogood.到目前為止,一切順利。Icanonlytrusthimsofar.我至今還信賴他。（2）.僅到一定程度；只在有限范圍內(nèi)7.SELFCHECK3.order的用法：（1）.inorderto為了，以…目的（2）.inorderthat以便Wouldyouaddintheseitems,please,inorderthatwecompletethelist?為完成整個(gè)目錄的編寫工作,請你把這些條目加進(jìn)去好嗎?（3）.inorderof1.按…順序Thetestsinthisbookarearrangedinorderofdifficulty.這本書的試題是按難易程度順序排列的。（4）.Inorder1.按次序的;合乎程序的Thenamesarearrangedinorder.姓名按順序排列。（5）.keeporder維持秩序2aListentothefourconversations.Writethenumberofeachconversationnexttoeachstatementsyouhear.

LiYuandMarydecidetogosomewhere.

JayandLiumeetforthefirsttime.

Chengiveslotsofadvice.

PetergivesLisaalotofhelp.12342b.Listenagain.Followtheinstructionsnexttoeachpicture.WriteT(fortrue)orF(forfalse).

JayisTom’sbrother.

JayandLiuplaymusictogether.

Jaydoesn’tplaytheguitar.

Jayplaysthepiano.TTTF

Picture1一、含義:在一個(gè)陳述句之后附上一個(gè)簡短的疑問句,對陳述句提出相反的疑問,這種疑問句叫反意疑問句。--Youcanhelphim,can’tyou?

你們能幫助他，是不是？--Yes,wecan.

是的,我們能幫助他。反意疑問句的前后兩部分在時(shí)態(tài),人稱和數(shù)上都要保持一致。Grammar:反意疑問句--Yoursisterisn’tcomingbacktoday,isshe?

你姐姐今天不會回來，是嗎？--No,sheisn’t.

是的,她今天不會回來?；卮饡r(shí),不要過分注重問句中的否定詞not在前還是在后,只要事實(shí)是肯定的,就用yes,如果事實(shí)是否定的,就用no。1.陳述部分的主語是this,that時(shí),疑問部分的主語多用it;陳述部分的主語是these,those時(shí),疑問部分的主語多用they。如:

Thisisadictionary,isn’t

it?

Thoseareshelves,aren’t

they?2.陳述部分是“therebe”結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問部分用

there省略主語代詞。

There

issomethingwrongwithyourwatch,

isn't

there?

Therewillnotbeanytrouble,will

there?3.陳述句中含有not,no,hardly,neither,never,few,little,too…to等否定詞或具有否定意義的詞時(shí),疑問部分常用肯定形式。如：

Fewpeopleknewthenews,didthey?

TomhasneverbeentoEngland,hashe?

但陳述句中如果帶有否定意義的前綴和后綴的單詞時(shí),整個(gè)句子仍視為肯定句,反意疑問部分多用否定形式。如：

Sheisunhappy,isn’tshe?

4.如果主語是I’m,后反意部分用aren’tI。如:

I’mlate,aren’tI?5.陳述句的主語是動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或從句時(shí),疑問部分的主語多用it來體現(xiàn)。如：

Takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant,isn’tit?Whathesaidisright,isn’tit?

6.如果陳述句的主語是something,nothing,anything,everything

等不定代詞時(shí),反意疑問部分的主語多用it。陳述句的主語是nobody,noone,everyone,somebody等不定代詞時(shí),

反意疑問部分的主語多用they(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)全體時(shí))

或he(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí))。

Nooneknowshim,do

they?

Someoneiswaitingforyou,isn’t

he?

Nobodysaysawordabouttheaccident,do

they?

Everythingseemsallright,doesn’t

it?

7.陳述句是主從復(fù)合句時(shí),如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,expect,feel,guess

等詞,且主語是第一人稱I時(shí),反意疑問部分的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)與賓語從句保持一致,同時(shí)還要考慮到否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。如：

Ibelievethattheboycangetaticketforyou,

can’the?Attention:1.簡短問句的否定形式,要用縮寫形式,不能出現(xiàn)

not,主語要用人稱代詞不能用名詞.

Hermotherisadoctor,isn’tshe?

Thereisabookonthedesk,isn'tthere?2.對反意疑問句的回答,是根據(jù)事實(shí),而不是根據(jù)問題的提法。

--Heisn‘tadoctor,ishe?(他不是醫(yī)生,是嗎？)

--Yes,heis.(不,他是醫(yī)生。)

No,heisn't.(是的,他不是醫(yī)生。)1.I'mstudent,___________?2.Whatbeautifulhats,____________?3.Don’tbelatenexttime,___________?4.Letushelpyou,____________?5.Henevergoesthere,__________?Let’sfinishsomesentences,shallwe?aren’t

Iaren’t

theywill

youwill

youdoes

he

6.Wehavetosleephere,__________?7.HemustbeTom,__________?8.You'dbetterreaditnow,____________?9.Johnhasgrownalot,___________?10.Everythingisready,___________?don’t

weisn’t

hehadn’t

youhasn’t

heisn’t

it

11.Nobodyknowstheanswer,__________________?12.Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,______________?13.Itisimpossible,__________?14.Passmethewater,___________________？

15.Shecandriveacar,____________?dothey/doesheisn’t

there

isn't

itWill

you/won’tyoucan’t

she1.That’saJapanesecar,_______?2.Readingbooksinbedisn’tgoodforyoureyes,________?3.Theweatherwasn’tverycoldthedaybeforeyesterday,________?4.Wecanridebikesinschool,__________?5.Anelephantrunsfasterthanatiger,_________?6.Youhaveabigbedroom,____________?7.Youdidn’tbuythefruit,_______?8.Theyhadnoclassesyesterdayafternoon,_________?9.Therearemanybooksinmyhome,_________?10.MarywillvisitEngland,__________?isn’titisitwasitcan’twedoesn’titwon‘tshedon’tyoudidyoudidtheyaren’tthere11.Therearefewpeopleinthepark，________？12.Shehardlybelieveshim,________？13.Henryatelittlethismorning，______？14.Thedogsarefighting,____________?15.Thereweremanycarsinthestreet,_________________?16.Therewillberobotsinourfamilies,______________?17.Sitdownplease,_______________?18.Let’sgohome,________________?

arethere

doesshe

didhearen’ttheyweren’ttherewon’ttherewillyoushallwe附加疑問句：1.兩部分組成：陳述句和簡短提問2.前（肯）后（否）；前（否）后（肯）3.人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、數(shù)要一致4.后面要用代詞來代替名詞5.回答要根據(jù)事實(shí)來回答，事實(shí)是肯定的，就要用Yes,否定的用NoPicture2Drawlinestomatch.JanetfouryearsLinsixyearsHarrytenyearsNancytwelveyears3.時(shí)間狀語:1.for+一段時(shí)間

e.g:for8years2.since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

e.g:since19993.since+一般過去時(shí)的句子

e.g:sinceIwas25yearsold1.

含義:

表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始,也可能在繼續(xù),其動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去,由上下文而定。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。語法:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)2.構(gòu)成:

have/hasbeen+v-ing+…for和表示一段時(shí)間的詞組連用。Theyhavebeenworking

for

twohours.他們已工作兩小時(shí)了。since和表示過去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組連用。Theyhavebeenrunningsincesixo’clock.從6點(diǎn)起他們一直在跑。IhavebeenwaitingforyousinceIcamehere.自到這兒以來我一直在等你。since后可跟句子,句子時(shí)態(tài)多用一般過去時(shí)。4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句:

主語+have/hasbeen+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)…1)Ihavebeenwritingtheletterfortwohours.2)Hehas

been

sleepingfor4hours.否定句:

主語+have/has+not+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)…1)Ihaven’t

been

writingtheletterfortwohours.2)Hehasn’t

been

sleepingfor4hours.一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+been+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)…?1)--Haveyoubeen

writingtheletterfoetwohours?--Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.2)--Hashebeen

sleepingfor4hours?--Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.Add

-ing

tothefollowingwords:playwatchflystudyplayingwatchingflyingstudyingwritetakewritingtakingstopshopstoppingshopping用for和since填空TheyhavebeenlearningChinese_____theycametoChina.2.Ihaven’tseenher_____alongtime.3.Hehasbeenlivinghere_____2001.4.Shehasbeendoingherhomework____twohours.5.It’s5years_____weleftschool.6.–HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?–_____twoyearsago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince7.Maricahasbeenrunning____15minutes.8.Sarahhasbeensleeping_____9:00.9.Dalehasbeentalkingonthephone_____5minutes.10.LucyhasbeenstudyingChinese______hewas6yearsold.forsinceforsince2

hoursHowlonghasshebeenreading?Shehasbeenreadingfor

2hours.Shehasbeenreadingsince2hoursago.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Ihaveopenedthecan.我打開了罐頭。(完成了這一單一的動(dòng)作)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式：Ihavebeenwritingthelettersincethen.從那時(shí)起我一直在寫這封信。(動(dòng)作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù))注意:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行式表示從過去某時(shí)開始到現(xiàn)在這一段時(shí)間里一直還在延續(xù)的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去時(shí)的比較：一般過去時(shí):表示過去發(fā)生的事,常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。需要注意的是,只要有表示過去的時(shí)間,就不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。因此不能說：e.g.Ihavebeenskatingateighto’clock.()Ihavebeenskatingsinceeighto’clock.(√) Or:Ihavebeenskatingfortwohours.(√)IwatchedTVforthreehours.我看了三小時(shí)的電視。(我現(xiàn)在沒有看電視了)IhavebeenwatchingTVforthreehours.我看了三小時(shí)的電視。(我現(xiàn)在仍然在看電視)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):只表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行,或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行。e.g.Iamskatingnow.相對于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來說,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對于現(xiàn)在的影響。例如：Iamsittinghererightnow.Ihavebeensittingherefortwohours.前一例的意思是“我現(xiàn)在正坐在這里”,暗含的意思可能是“你不能坐這兒了”;后一例的意思是“我已經(jīng)在這里坐了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了”,暗含的意思可能是“我坐得很累了”或者“我已經(jīng)等了很久了”。Ⅱ.翻譯1.到現(xiàn)在為止她滑冰已經(jīng)有四個(gè)小時(shí)了。2.我從十歲起就一直在集郵。3.你學(xué)英語有多久了？Shehasbeenskatingforfourhours.IhavebeencollectingstampssinceIwastenyearsold.HowlonghaveyoubeenstudyingEnglish?4.你父親在這個(gè)公司工作有多長時(shí)間了？5.從今天早晨起你就一直在寫作業(yè)吧？6.我有很長時(shí)間沒有看電影了。Haveyoubeendoingyourhomeworksincethismorning?Ihaven’tbeenseeingfilmsforalongtime.Howlonghasyourfatherbeenworkinginthecompany?5.Thereisno_________foryou.A.roomB.roomsC.sitD.space6.Hisworkisbetterthan_________intheclass.A.anyone’selse B.anyoneelse’sC.anyoneelse D.anyone’selse’s7._________theway,haveyouseenJohnlately?A.OnB.InC.ByD.To8.Ireallydon’tknowheisnot_________inthis.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.interestedA

BC

B

9.Thisisthebest_________tolearnEnglish.A.wayB.roadC.journey D.trip10.We’lldo________besttodothework.A.myB.IC.our D.we11.Thesecolordon’t________.A.gettogether B.gotogetherC.worktogether D.alltogetherA

C

B12.Thisisastorythathasa________ofthesea.A.attitudeB.sightC.flavorD.flavors13.I______himbefore.Butmyfriends_______himtwodaysago.A.didn’tmeet;met B.haven’t;metC.don’tmeet;meet D.hadn’t;meet14.Howlonghaveyoubeen________stamps?A.collecting B.collectedC.tocollect D.writingCAAPicture3Check()theplaceswhereMaryandLiYuhavebeento.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由主語＋have/has＋過去分詞構(gòu)成。其主要用法如下：1.在未指明具體時(shí)間的情況下,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞通?？梢员硎驹谡f話之前已經(jīng)完成,而后果或影響至今仍存在的動(dòng)作。Theconcerthasstarted.音樂會已經(jīng)開始。Ihavehadbreakfast.我已吃過早飯。Grammar

Focus注意:havegoneto和havebeento區(qū)別。HehasgonetoHongKong.他到香港去了。(他已前往香港,或在途中,或已到達(dá)。說話人暗示他現(xiàn)在不在現(xiàn)場)Hehas

been

toHongKong.他曾到過香港。(說話人認(rèn)為他過去到過香港,現(xiàn)在已不在該地。言外之意他對香港有所了解)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1)IhavestudiedEnglishsincelastyear.我從去年開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。2)ShehaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears.她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意:come,go,leave,arrive,buy,lose,receive,join,die,bury和marry等動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作是一時(shí)的,不能延續(xù)的,

故不能與for…,since…等開頭的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。不過,這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用，即動(dòng)作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。不能說:

*Hehascome

toBeijingfor

two

years.*Hehasboughtthatbookfor

three

weeks.*HehasjoinedtheArmyforoneandahalfyears.*Hisgrandmahasdied

for

nine

months.*Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.可以說:HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.Hehashadthatbookforthreeweeks.Hehasbeeninthearmyforoneandahalfyears.Hisgrandmahasbeen

deadforninemonths.Ihaven't

receivedhisletterforalmostamonth.或者說：ItistwoyearssincehecametoBeijing.Itisthreeweekssinceheboughtthatbook.ItisoneandahalfyearssincehejoinedtheArmy.Itisninemonthssincehisgrandmadied.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，一般過去時(shí)只限于表示過去的動(dòng)作本身,與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)在意義上的區(qū)別舉例如下：

Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。

Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)我上周打掃了我的房間。Fatherhas

gone

toAmoy.(HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow.)爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。Theyhave

boughtadictionary.(Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.)他們買了一本字典。注意:

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(如:yesterday,last,year,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenshecamein等)連用，但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等)連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(如：today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等)連用。Shehasalreadyfinishedherwork.她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。Ihaven’treadthestoryyet.我還沒讀過這個(gè)故事。Haveyoumethimbefore?你從前曾見過他嗎？Lilyhas

alwaysbeenagoodstudent.Lily一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。比較：Ihaveseenhimthismorning.我上午看見他了。(說話時(shí)在上午)Isawhimthismorning.今天上午我遇見了他。(說話時(shí)可能是下午或者晚上)Ithasbeencoldthiswinter.今天冬天一直很冷。(說話時(shí)仍是冬天)4.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”這一概念,有時(shí)兩者可以互相代用,但前者多用于口語。在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí),多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行,即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí),則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)行時(shí)。Ihavewaitedforhimformanytimes.我等他等了好幾次了。Ihave

been

waiting

forhimforanhour.我等他等了一小時(shí)。Hehas

drunksixcupsofcoffee.

他喝了六杯咖啡。Hehas

been

drinkingcoffee.他一直在喝咖啡。1.already“已經(jīng)”;yet“仍然,還”

這兩個(gè)副詞常常用于完成時(shí)態(tài),其中already常用于肯定句,yet常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:Jimhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.Jim已經(jīng)把他的工作做完了。Motherhasn’tcomehomeyet.媽媽還沒回來。Haven’tyoureadTheCalloftheWild

yet?你還沒讀過《野性的呼喚》嗎？Language

Points2.neither

表示“兩者都不,兩者中沒有一個(gè)”，是both的完全否定形式。either

表示“兩者之一，兩者中任一個(gè)”,還可以用于否定句中表示“也”，這種用法與肯定句中的too相對應(yīng)。如:

Neitherofthetwinslikesswimming.那對雙胞胎都不喜歡游泳。

NeithermysisterorIamhaveeverbeenabroad.我和我姐姐都沒出過國。Mysisterhasneverbeenabroad.Ihaven’t,either.我姐姐沒出過國,我也沒有。neither還可以用于完全倒裝句中,表示“也沒有……”。這種用法和so在完全倒裝句中表示“也……”的用法相對應(yīng)。如：Mysisterhasneverbeenabroad.NeitherhaveI.我姐姐沒出過國,我也沒有。Lilylikesplayingthepiano.Sohasherbrother.Lily喜歡彈鋼琴,她弟弟也喜歡。Iamnotnewhere.NeitherisTom.我不是新來的,Tom也不是。3.注意區(qū)別so在完全倒裝句和不完全倒裝句中的用法。so＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語完全倒裝,表示“也……”so＋主語＋助動(dòng)詞不完全倒裝,表示“確實(shí)如此”如:MaryhasgonetoSingapore.SohasEmily.Mary去新加坡了,Emily也去了。--Draculalikesspicyfood.--Sohedoes.--Dracula喜歡吃辣的。--是的,確實(shí)如此。1.--_____youever_____toanaquarium?--Yes,wehadagoodtimethere.A.Have,goneB.Had,beenC.Have,been2.I_____mygrandpalastSunday.A.havevisitedB.visitedC.wasvisiting3.She_____Shanghaiforamonth.A.hascometoB.cametoC.hasbeeninⅢ.單項(xiàng)選擇C

B

C

4.LuXun_____morethanfiftyyearsago.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendead5.Fanny_____TVatthistimelastSaturday.A.haswatchedB.waswatchingC.watched6.--Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?--No,it'sthefirsttimeI____here.A.even,havecomeB.ever,comeC.ever,havecomeAB

C

Picture4Drawlinestomatchcalendarpersonalwatchboringscarfexpensivehatcheap表達(dá)征求意見的用法：What/Howabout＋名詞/動(dòng)名詞？Whydon’tyou…?是否定性特殊疑問句。Whynot＋動(dòng)詞原形？Grammar

Focus1.Whydon’tyoudosth.?

這是給別人提建議,建議某人做什么事情的句型。

e.g.Whydon’twecomemoreoften?

咱們?yōu)槭裁床唤?jīng)常來這里呢?

e.g.Whydon’tyoubuyabookforyourfather?

給你爸爸買本書怎么樣？

這個(gè)句子還可以寫成Whynotdo…?

e.g.

Whynotgetheracamera?

為什么不給她買個(gè)相機(jī)呢？

這個(gè)句型還有發(fā)出禮貌地邀請的用法。

Whydon’tyouhaveadrinkoftea?請喝茶。=Whynothaveadrinkoftea?2.How/Whatabout…?

表示“……怎么樣/好嗎？”

這個(gè)句型是詢問聽話這一方對某事物的看法或者意見。about是個(gè)介詞,它后面要接名詞或者doing。

e.g.Howabouthisplayingfootball?

他足球踢得怎么樣？

What

aboutswimmingwithus?

和我們一起游泳怎么樣？

How

aboutherEnglish?

她的英語怎樣?What’sthebestgiftyouhaveeverreceived?你曾經(jīng)收到過的最好的禮物是什么?“youhaveeverreceived”是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定語從句。1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法:主要有兩種含義：一是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響以及造成的結(jié)果；第二個(gè)意義是到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者情況?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與already,yet,just,ever,never,since,for或包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，也可以不用狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)e.g.Hehas(already)come.Haveyoueverboughtabirthdaypresentforyoursister?What’sthebes