新視野第三版第一冊(cè)Unit 4

1HeroesamongusUnit4SectionA

AIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITYAheroisamanwhodoeswhathecan.

—RomainRollandHeroismislatentineveryhumansoul.

—JoshuaLawrenceChamberlain14UNITContentsWarming-upactivitiesTextstudyLanguageapplicationSummaryHeroesamongusSectionA1.Whoisthegreatestheroinyourmind?AndWhy?

Shortanswerquestions

TipsAgoodheartThereadinesstolendahandtopeopleintroubleThecouragetoriskone’sownlifetohelpothersindangerThedeterminationtofightforhisowncountryandpeople2.Whatmakesaheroinyoureyes?ShortanswerquestionsNelsonMandelaWhoisNelsonMandela曼德拉?Whywashesofamous?TipsthefirstblackPresidentofSouthAfricaananti-apartheidactivisttheleaderofthearmedwingoftheAfricanNationalCongressbearrestedandsentencedtolifeinprisonserve27yearsinprisonleadhispartytoendapartheidafterhisreleasebringaboutapeacefultransitiontononracialdemocracyinSouthAfricareceivethe1993NobelPeacePrizeMainidea&structureLanguagefocusCriticalthinkingTextstudyHeroesamongusSectionAMainideasofthepartsTipsWhatthesisstatementdoestheauthormakeaboutheroestoday?(Para.1)Theword“hero”becomesmorecommonandisusedtorefertobothvictimsandsurvivorsofallkindsofdifficultiesandtragedies.Mainidea&structureTipsWhatquestiondoestheauthorraiseafterwards?(Para.1)Whoaretheheroesamongus?MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structurePartI—(Para.1)commonvictimsTodaytheword“hero”becomesmore________andisusedtorefertoboth_______and________ofallkindsofdifficultiesandtragedies.survivorsMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureWhatexamplesofheroicdeedsdoestheauthorprovideinPara.2and3?TipsPara2:_________________,whoranthroughdangerinamassshootingandsavedthelifeofhisbossandfriend,GabrielleGiffords.Para3:_______________,whosavedhiswifebyshieldingherfromthehailofbulletsinthemassshooting.DanielHernardezDoryStoddardMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureWhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromthetwoexamples?(Para.4)TipsTheyarecivilianheroes.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structurePartII—(Paras.2-4)BothDanielandDoryare_______heroesastheyactedinstinctivelywith________and______whensituationscallfor.civiliancouragegraceMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureStructure(Paras.1-4)QuestionExamples

ConclusionMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureTipsArefirstrespondersconsideredheroes,too?MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structure

Firstrespondersarealsohonoredasheroes.Conclusion(implied):TipsSergeantRyanRussell,whotriedtostopadrunkdriverinastolensnowplowwithonlyhispolicecarandhisgoodwilltohelpothers,andwaskilled.Whatistheexampleoffirstresponders?(Para.6)WhatisthequestionraisedbytheauthorinPara.5?Question-Example-ConclusionPatternThesepeoplewerecalledheroesbecausetheyperformedactsof_____________________.TipsAccordingtothewriter,whatwereheroesinthepast?(Para.7)extraordinarycourageMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureTipsWhatareheroesnowadays?(Para.8)Nowadays,ourheroesare________menandwomen.ComparisonandContrastParagraph7Paragraph8averageMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureQuestion:Dofirstresponderswhofailtoachievetheirgoalsintheireffortsbecomeheroes?(Para.9)Example:EleanorMcMahonwassurethatSgt.Russellwasindeedaherobecauseheshoweddistinctcouragewhentryinghardtostopthesnowplowbeforeithurtothers.Shestronglyargued:It’snaturalforcivilianstorushtowardsafetyandawayfromdanger.Butheroesoffirstrespondersrushtowarddangertohelpthoseinneed.(Paras.10-11)Conclusion:Weexpectfirstresponderstorushforward,especiallywhenweorourlovedonesareindanger.Sowhentheydiedoingthat,weshouldrecognizetheirheroicefforts.(Para.12)MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureQuestion-Example-ConclusionPatternPara.III—(Paras.5-12)Firstrespondersareheroesnomattertheysucceedintheirefforttosavepeopleorgetinjuredorkilledintheirefforts.MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureTipsListentotheconclusionforthewholetextandfillintheblanks.(Para.13)The_________storiesofheroes,bothcivilianheroesandfirstresponders,showthatordinarypeoplecando____________thingswhethertheyarecarryingouttheirduties,oraspartintheirdailylife.Weshouldnotonly______them,butalsochangethesituationsthatmayleadtotheirdeath.Weshouldtrytoactheroicallyif______________callonus.inspiringextraordinaryhonorcircumstancesMainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureThestoriesofheroeshelpremindusthatordinarypeoplecandoextraordinarythingsand,beinginspiredbythem,wecanalsobeheroeswhencircumstancescallonustoactheroically.Para.IV—(Para.13)MainideasofthepartsMainidea&structureTextAisanessayonpeople’sviewaboutwhatmakesahero.Itispointedoutthatinthepasttheword“hero”wasreservedforthosewhoperformedactsofcouragebeyondthecallofdutyorforgreatleaders,whiletodayheroescanbeordinarypeoplelikeus.Besides,firstresponders,whosedutyistorushtowarddanger,arealsoheroes,evenwhentheireffortsfailedtobringaboutdesirableeffects.Hopefully,wewillalsoactheroicallywhencircumstancescallonus.MainideaofthepassageMainidea&structureExample1(civilianheroes)StructureofthetextQuestion1.DanielHernardezsavedhisbossandfriend.2.DoryStoddardsavedhiswife.Conclusion:BothDanielandDoryarecivilianheroesastheyactedinstinctivelywithcourageandgracewhensituationscallfor.Mainidea&structureExample1(civilianheroes)QuestionExample2(Firstresponderheroes)FirstrespondersarealsohonoredasheroesascanbeseenfromtheexampleofSergeant.RyanRussell.Heroesinthepastwerethosewhoperformedactsofextraordinarycouragewhiletodayheroesareaveragemenandwomen.Weexpectfirstresponderstorushtowarddanger.Sowhentheydiedoingthat,weshouldrecognizetheirheroicefforts.StructureofthetextMainidea&structureExample1(civilianheroes)QuestionExample2(Firstresponderheroes)ConclusionTheencouragingstoriesofheroes,bothcivilianheroesandfirstresponders,showthatordinarypeoplecandoheroicthings.Weshouldnotonlyhonorthem,butalsochangethesituationsthatmayleadtotheirdeath.Weshouldtrytoactheroicallyifcircumstancescallonus.StructureofthetextMainidea&structureExamplesQuestionConclusionStructureofthetextMainidea&structure按壓，給…施加壓力(injury/bleed)Youcanapplypressureontheinjurytomakethebloodbleedslower.applypressureto/on短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用你可以按壓傷口讓血流的慢些。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus使……免受……(shield…from…/invasion/servicemen)Itisthedutyofservicementoshieldtheircountryfrominvasion.shieldsb.fromsth.短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用保護(hù)祖國(guó)不受侵略是軍人的職責(zé)。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus被卷入；陷入(becaughtupin/demonstration/beguaranteed)Thesafetyofthosestudentscaughtupinthedemonstrationmustbeguaranteed.be/getcaughtupin短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用那些被卷入游行示威的學(xué)生的安全必須得到保證。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus保留；預(yù)留(reservefor/furtherdiscussion)

Thisquestionmustbereservedforfurtherdiscussion.reservesth.forsb./sth.短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須留待進(jìn)一步討論。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus理解；認(rèn)同(jobapplication/reject/befrustrated/relateto)Iknowhewasveryfrustratedwhenhisjobapplicationwasrejected.Icanrelatetothat.relatetosth./sb.短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用我知道他的求職申請(qǐng)被拒后他很沮喪。我能理解他的感受。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus理解，弄懂某事(makesenseof/competition)Ican’tmakeanysenseofhisgivingupthecompetitionatthelastminute.makesenseofsth.短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用我無(wú)法搞懂他為什么在最后一刻放棄比賽。意群提示PracticalphrasesLanguagefocus授權(quán)(contract/giveauthorityto/researchmembers)Thecontractgivesauthoritytoresearchmemberstouseanythinginthelaboratory.短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用合同授權(quán)研究人員使用實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的任何東西。意群提示giveauthoritytoPracticalphrasesLanguagefocus依靠；指望(counton/foreignaid/relieve/famine)Theydecidednottocountonforeignaidtorelievethefamine.短語(yǔ)逆譯短語(yǔ)應(yīng)用他們決定不依靠外援來(lái)緩解饑荒。意群提示countonPracticalphrasesLanguagefocusLanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsFunctionalpatternsFunctions&usages1.Itusedtobethat…

用于表達(dá)“過(guò)去的某一習(xí)慣或情況現(xiàn)在已不存在”，表示與目前習(xí)慣或情況有所不同。2.Sb./Sth.is….Soissb./sth.else/Soaresomeotherpeople/someotherthings.用于表達(dá)“人或事物之間的相似之處”。3.Sb.dosth.,especiallywhen….用于表達(dá)“某人最有可能做某事的一種條件”。4.Sb.dosth.by….Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,sb.dosth.by…用于表達(dá)“對(duì)某人而言更為重要的行為方式”。在過(guò)去，“英雄”一詞僅限于稱呼那些做出超乎職責(zé)范圍的特別英勇的行為的人們。

原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Itusedtobethatthewordherowasreservedforthosewhoperformedactsofdistinctcouragebeyondthecallofduty.句型提煉LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsItusedtobethat…句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“過(guò)去的某一習(xí)慣或情況現(xiàn)在已不存在”，表示與目前習(xí)慣或情況有所不同。句型應(yīng)用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns(supremepower/image)典型例句在過(guò)去，只有享受至高無(wú)上權(quán)利的皇家才能使用龍的形象。意群提示Itusedtobethattheimageofdragoncouldonlybeusedbyroyalfamiliesthatenjoyedthesupremepower.LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns一位戰(zhàn)士冒著槍林彈雨去搶救其他戰(zhàn)友，他被看作英雄。同樣，超凡卓越的具有傳奇色彩的領(lǐng)袖人物也是英雄，比如納爾遜·曼德拉。被囚禁于單人牢房27年后，曼德拉終于擺脫了牢獄生活。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Asoldierwhorunsthroughgunfiretorescueothermilitarypersonnelisseenasahero.Soarelarger-than-lifeleaderssuchasNelsonMandela,whoemergedafter27yearsofjail,confinedinasolitarychamber.句型提煉LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsSb./Sth.is….Soissb./sth.else./Soaresomeotherpeople/someotherthings.

句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“兩個(gè)人或事物之間的相似之處”。句型應(yīng)用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns(painstakingefforts/valuableasset/setback)典型例句在你的人生中，通過(guò)不懈努力取得的成功是寶貴的財(cái)富。同樣，幫助你逐步走向成熟的人生挫折也是財(cái)富。意群提示Successthatyouachievethroughpainstakingeffortsisseenasvaluableassetinyourlife.Soarethesetbacksthathelpyoutobecomematuregradually.LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns我們指望應(yīng)急人員沖向危險(xiǎn)，尤其是當(dāng)我們自身或我們所愛(ài)的人身處險(xiǎn)境時(shí)。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Wecountonfirstresponderstorushtowarddanger,especiallywhenitinvolvesusorthosewelove.句型提煉LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsSb.dosth.,especiallywhen….句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“某人最有可能做某事的一種條件”。句型應(yīng)用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns(recall/strike)典型例句我喜歡回憶過(guò)去，特別是當(dāng)孤寂來(lái)襲之時(shí)。意群提示Iloverecallingthepast,especiallywhenlonelinessstrikes.LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns我們向消防隊(duì)員、警察和普通平民致敬，贊揚(yáng)其英雄精神。也許，甚至更為重要的是，我們要通過(guò)努力改變讓他們?cè)庥霾恍业沫h(huán)境來(lái)向他們致敬。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Wehonorthefireman,thepoliceman,andtheaveragecitizenbyrecognizingtheirheroism.Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,wehonorthembyworkingtochangethecircumstancesthatledtotheirdeath.句型提煉LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsSb.dosth.by….Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,sb.dosth.by…句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“對(duì)于某人而言更為重要的行為方式”。句型應(yīng)用LanguagefocusFunctionalpatterns(impartknowledge)典型例句我們通過(guò)傳授知識(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生，也許，更為重要的是，我們通過(guò)傳授學(xué)習(xí)方法培養(yǎng)學(xué)生。意群提示W(wǎng)ecultivatestudentsbyimpartingknowledge.Perhaps,evenmoreimportantly,wecultivatestudentsbyteachingthemlearningmethods.LanguagefocusFunctionalpatternsInmyview,aheroissomeonewho:?isbraveorevenriskstheirlifeinfaceofdanger;?savesothersintrouble;?showsgreatcouragewhenothershesitateorfear;?sacrificesthemselvesforothers.Howdoyoudefineahero?TipsThemeexplorationCriticalthinking\\2.Doyouthinkpeoplewhogivetheirlifetosavetheirfamilymembersshouldbeconsideredheroes?Whyorwhynot?TipsYes,peoplewhogivetheirlifetosaveothersshouldcertainlybeconsideredheroes,nomatterwhomtheysave—whetheritistheirfamilymemberorastranger.Byrescuingothers,theydemonstrateextraordinarycourageanddemonstratedtherarequalitiesofahero.Theseheroicqualitiesinclude:puttingthemselvesindangertoprotectothers;fearingnodangerordeath;andneverregrettingtheirownloss.ThemeexplorationCriticalthinkingTohonorheroes,wecan:?spreadtheirnamesandstoriesinlegends,stories,media,songs,movies,etc.;?putupmonumentsforcommemoration;?namedifferentplacesafterheroes;?setupaspecialdaytorememberthem;?takegoodcareofthemandtheirfamilies;?givethemspecialhonors;and?callonsocietytolearnfromthem.3.Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddotohonorheroes?TipsThemeexplorationCriticalthinkingAttributiveclauseintroducedby“who”：Givingadetaileddescriptiontoapersonissometimesnecessarywhenyouarerelatingastory,ornarratinganevent.Inthiscase,attributiveclauseintroducedby“who”servesthepurposequitewell.Ithelpstoachievecompletenessandvividnessofyourdescription.SentencewritingExample:1)Thesearecivilianheroes,whoactedinstinctivelywithcourageandgracewhencaughtupinextraordinarycircumstances.2)Asoldierwhorunsthroughgunfiretorescueothermilitarypersonnelisseenasahero.SentencewritingQuestionParagraphwritingExampleConclusionFormoreWritingdevicesDirections:Havealookattheoutlinebelowandthesampleparagraph,whichstartswithaquestionsupportedbyanexample.

ParagraphwritingWritingdevicesWritingpracticeDirections:Writeaparagraphonthefollowingtopic.Youcanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.ParagraphwritingWritingdevicesQuestion:Wheredoeshappinesscomefrom?

Factor1:Ann,aworkeroflowincome,wasdevotedtothecommunity.Conclusion:Happinessistheresultofhelpingeachother.

Factor2:Annwastouchedandfeltgratefulwhenmanypeoplecametohelpherwhenshewasintrouble.ParagraphwritingExample:Ann’sexperiencewithhercommunitymembersWritingdevicesEssaywriting

Writeanessayentitled“AGreatHeroinMyMind”byfollowingthewritingpatternofthetext.Youmayapplyasmanyexpressionsfromthetextaspossibletoyourwriting.

Youcanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.Beginningpart:ThesisStatementandQuestion1.Whoisthegreatheroinyourmind;2.Aquestionrelatedtothetopic;EssaywritingYoucanfollowtheoutlinegivenbelow.Bodypart:ExamplesAfewinspiringstoriestoillustrateyourpoint;Concludingpart1.Restatementofthemainidea;2.Thebenefityougetfromtheheroicstories;3.Yourwishtobecomeaherolikehimorher.EssaywritingYoumayadoptthefollowingexpressions.victimsandsurvivorsofdifficultiesandtragediescourageouslyrunthroughthedangerg