漢英演示文稿

Chinese—EnglishDifferencescultureFunctionofwords:denotativemeaning&connotativemeaning(p8)PragmaticmeaningThinkingpattern:Ethicsvs.cognitionIntegrityandsyntheticvs.individualityIntuitionvs.evidenceFigurativevs.logical

她踢脫鞋子，踏進一雙拖鞋?？墒菍λ请p纖纖細腳來說，脫鞋顯得太大了。換了鞋以后，她便失去了幾分韻味，個子也矮了些。Shekickedhershoesandsteppedintoapairofslipperswhichweretoobigforhertinyfeet;withoutshoesshelostsomeofhereleganceandheight.在一家百貨公司，碰巧有一對老夫婦，他們經(jīng)過左挑右選，猶豫再三，終于從口袋里笨拙地摸出600塊錢來，買了一床優(yōu)質(zhì)的鴨絨被，當(dāng)鴨絨被從柜臺那邊遞過來時，兩人滿意地笑了。Itsohappenedinadepartmentstorethatanoldcouple,aftercarefulselectionandmuchhesitation,fumbled600Yuanfromtheirpocketsforaqualitydownquilt,smilingwithcontentwhenthepackagewashandedoverthecounter.Exercises從前，齊國有個人，想要金子，想得入迷了。一天清早，他穿好衣服，戴上帽子后，就趕到市場上。他走到賣金子的地方，伸手抓起一塊金子就走。管市場的小官把他抓住，審問他：“你竟敢當(dāng)眾搶人家的金子，怎么這樣大膽?。俊彼卮鹫f：“我拿金塊的時候，實在沒有看見人，只看見金子??！”Lecture2Analyticlanguagevs.syntheticlanguageIdeographic-orientedsyllabicscriptvs.alphabeticscriptTonationlanguagediscussion館：博物館、圖書館、旅館、賓館、大使館、領(lǐng)事館、茶館、飯館、理發(fā)館、體育館、展覽館、文化館、美術(shù)館、科技館、天文館、照相館……酒：葡萄酒、白酒、烈酒、啤酒、香檳酒、雞尾酒、白蘭地酒、威士忌酒、杜松子酒……筆：鋼筆、鉛筆、圓珠筆、蠟筆、粉筆、毛筆、畫筆、電筆……好：a．他是祖國的好兒子。b．莊稼長得真好。c．他們對我真好。d．樓的質(zhì)量不好。e．這個問題很好回答。f．啊，好票學(xué)習(xí)：a．學(xué)習(xí)知識b．學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)C．學(xué)習(xí)外語d．學(xué)習(xí)成績e．學(xué)習(xí)別人的長處f．互相學(xué)習(xí)g．以雷鋒為學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣

意義的分類（1）外延意義denotativemeaning內(nèi)涵意義connotativemeaning風(fēng)格意義stylisticmeaning情感意義affectivemeaning聯(lián)想意義reflectivemeaning搭配意義colocativemeaning主題意義thematicmeaning——Leech意義的分類（2）

指稱意義designativemeaning言內(nèi)意義linguisticmeaning言外意義pragmaticmeaning——CharlesMorrisTranslationofpragmaticmeaning“娘，他們……是要剝我們中國人的臉皮啊，你知道嗎?”驕陽下，柳樹上，回答他的是一片“知了，知了”的蟬聲?！癕other，whattheyaskedmetodowasnot…buttolosefaceforallChinese!Don’tyousee?”Inthescorchingsun，fromthewillowtree，comestheconfirmfingreplyofthecicada’schirrup：“See，see…”(夏乙琥譯)拿鋤頭刨黃連——挖苦。TodigCoptiswithahoe——dig．人曾為僧，人弗可以成佛。女卑是婢，女又何妨成奴。ABuddhistcannotbudintoaBuddha.Amaidenmaybemadeahousemaid.(許淵沖)王佐良教授譯《雷雨》魯大海：（掙扎）放開我，你們這群強盜！周萍：（向仆人）把他拉下去！魯侍萍：（大哭）這真是一群強盜！（走到周萍面前）你是萍…..憑什么打我的兒子！Hai:(struggling)Letgoofme,youhooligans!Ping:(totheservants)Hustlehimoutside!Ma:(breakingdown)Youarehooligans,too!(goingacrosstoChouPing)You’remy------mightyfreewithyourfists!Whatrighthaveyoutohitmyson?默默無蚊的奉獻Mosquito-repellentincense,repellingmosquitoesinsilence.exercises1．中國人民不用多久就會變得富裕起來。2．一般人要到失去他們所擁有的一切時，才會珍惜他們所擁有的一切。3．我們只消研究一下愛迪生所做出的杰出發(fā)現(xiàn)就可以看到其重大意義。4．即使商品質(zhì)量好，也不能漫天討價。5．最近人口統(tǒng)計顯示中國人口已超過十三億。Lecture3

SyntacticdifferenceTextdifference①Syntheticvs．AnalyticEnglishisasyntheticlanguagemarkedwithinflexions(曲折變化形式)，whileChineseisananalyticlanguagewithoutanyinflection，whichisusuallyimpliedinthecontextorexplicitlyshowninsuchwordsas“著、了、過”etc．Forexample：Duringthewartime，yearslikethesewouldhavemeantcertaindeathformanypeople.Manywouldhavebecomebeggarsandotherswouldhavebeencompelledtoselltheirchildren．Thusencouraged,theymadeastillbolderplanforthenextyear．②Compactvs．DiffusiveEnglishsentencesarecompacttightlycombinedwithconnectivesorprepositions，whileChineseisdiffused，thatis，looseinstructure．Nowtheintegratedcircuithasreducedbymanytimesthesizeofthecomputerofwhichitformsapart，thuscreatinganewgenerationofportableminicomputer．現(xiàn)在集成電路成了計算機的組成部分，使計算機的體積大大縮小，從而產(chǎn)生了新一代的便攜式微型計算機。AnotionhastakenholdintheUStotheeffectthattheonlypeoplewhoshouldbeencouragedtobringchildrenintotheworldarethosewhocanaffordthem．在美國有一個根深蒂固的觀點，說是只有對那些撫養(yǎng)得起子女的人，才應(yīng)鼓勵其生育。③Hypotacticvs．ParatacticInEnglish．clausesorphrasesarecoordinatedwithorsubordinatedtooneanothersyntacticallywhileinChinesetheYareplacedoneafteranotherwithoutcoordinatingconnectives．Themanycolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside．彩虹有多種顏色，外圈紅，內(nèi)圈紫。Hehadadisconcertinghabitofexpressingcontradictoryideasinrapidsuccession．他有一種令人難堪的習(xí)慣：一會兒一個看法，自相矛盾，變化無常。④Complexvs.SimplexEnglishsentencesarelongandcomplex，whileChinesesentencesareshortandsimple．Forexample：Manyman-madesubstancesarereplacingcertainnaturalmaterialsbecauseeitherthequalityofthenaturalproductcannotmeetourever-increasingrequirement，or，moreoften，becausethephysicalpropertiesofthesyntheticsubstance,whichisthecommonnameforman-madematerials，havebeenchosen,andevenemphasized，sothatitwouldbeOfthegreatestuseinthefieldsinwhichitistobeapplied．人造材料通稱為合成材料。許多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，這或者是由于天然物產(chǎn)的數(shù)量不能滿足日益增長的需要，或者是由于人們選擇了合成材料的一些物理性質(zhì)并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成材料在其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域?qū)⒕哂袠O大的用途。⑤Impersonalvs．PersonalTherearemoreimpersonalstructuresinEnglishthaninChinese，asshowninthefollowingexamples：·Whathashappenedtoyou?你出了什么事兒啦?·Anideasuddenlystruckme．我突然想到一個主意。·Astrangepeacecameoverherwhenshewasalone．她獨處時感到一種特別的安寧?！otasoundreachedourears．我們沒有聽到任何聲音?！greatelationovercamethem．他們欣喜若狂?！hetruthfinallydawnedonher．她最終明白了真相。⑥Passivevs．ActiveAswehavementionedinthepreviousunits，thepassivevoiceisextensivelyusedinEnglish，whileChinesesentencesareusuallyactive．AfewyearsagoitwasthoughtunusualthatprogramscouldeverbecalledupbyviewerstobedisplayedontheirTVscreensathome．幾年前人們還以為，觀眾居然能夠打電話要求在自己家里的電視屏幕上播出節(jié)目是一種稀罕的事情。⑦Staticvs．DynamicEnglishisstatic，withagentnounsbeingfrequentlyusedtoreplaceverbs，whileChineseisdynamic，withmoreverbsbeingusedinasinglesentence．·Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper．他能吃又能睡?！oumustbeaverybadlearner；orelseyoumustbegoingtoaverybadteacher．你一定很不善于學(xué)習(xí)，要不然就是教你的人很不會教⑧Abstractvs．ConcreteInexpressingthesameideaEnglishseemsmoreabstractwhileChinese，moreconcrete．·Theabsenceofintelligenceisanindicationofsatisfactorydevelopments．沒有消息即表明有令人滿意的進展?！highdegreeofcarelessness，pre-operativeandpost-operative，onthepartofsomeofthehospitalstaff，tookplace．醫(yī)院某些醫(yī)護人員在手術(shù)前后都非常粗心⑨IndirectVS．DirectSomeEnglishsentencesseemtobeindirectinaffirmationwhileChineseSentencesarestraightforward．·Icouldn’tfeelbetter．我覺得身體好極了?！couldn’tagreewithyoumore．我太贊成你的看法了?！ecan’tseeyouquickenough．他很想盡快和你見面?！fyouhaveacar，youareindependentoftrainsandbuses．如果你有小汽車，就不用去坐火車或擠公共汽車。⑩SubstitutiveVS．RepetitiveGenerallyspeaking，therearenotusesomanyrepetitionsinEnglishasinChinese．·YoushouldhelphersinceyouhavepromisedtodoSO．你既然答應(yīng)了要幫助她就應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助她?！ehatedfailure；hehadconquereditallhislife，risenaboveit，anddespiseditinothers．他討厭失敗，他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越失敗，并且藐視別人的失敗。Exercises1．由于失業(yè)率增高，美元幣值下降，股票市場處于困境之中，經(jīng)濟問題將是總統(tǒng)所面臨的最嚴峻的考驗。2．一到南京，我的朋友就在機場等著接我。3．盡管是一個大學(xué)生，小鄭連一封英文信都寫不好。4．20年來，中國的科學(xué)家們?yōu)樽鎳龀隽素暙I。5．在這座小村落中，他被人們看成是一個聰敏的人。6.我校目前尚未設(shè)博士點。Textdifference語篇功能和文化色彩小的扣緊，大的放松，池子里捕魚，太湖里放生。(夏衍：《考驗》)Fussyabouttrifles，carelessaboutbigthings.Pennywise，poundfoolish．她在戲中扮演包公。SheplayedthemaleroleofJudgeBaoinChinese（thejustandimpartialjudgeinChinesehistory)intheopera．語篇功能和語體色彩如蒙早日寄來樣品或產(chǎn)品冊，不勝感激。Itwouldbeappreciatedifsamplesand/orbrochurecouldbesoonforwardedtous.鄙人當(dāng)盡力而為。Yourstrulywilldohisbest．今年春季召開的全國科學(xué)大會，動員全國人民為祖國的科學(xué)、技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化而努力。ThenationalScienceConferenceconvenedthisspringmobilizedtheentirenationworkforthemodernizationofscienceandtechnology.語篇功能和感情色彩金雞鞋油：顏色有黑、棕、白、紅、黃、藍。GoldenRoosterShoePolishcomesinblack，brown，white，red，yellowandblue．“白象”牌電池——WhiteElephantBrand1．你們不能草率行事，應(yīng)先找李先生給你們點撥點撥。2．該市警方對旅館和公共娛樂場所定期展開“掃黑”行動。3．這個貧困縣年年從省里得到救濟糧。4．他們想問題做事情的方法，他們的歷史習(xí)慣跟我們不同。5．今年春天由黨中央召開的全國科學(xué)大會，動員全國人民為祖國的科學(xué)、技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化而努力。LectureFour

Workouttheappropriatedenotativemeaning

昨天看電影我沒有買到好票。煙囪通風(fēng)不好，所以火不旺?！靶袆颖妊哉Z更響亮”可能老掉牙了，但它仍不失為一條真理。這個車間既做來料加工，又做來樣加工。我銀行里為你掛個名，你白天去走走，晚上教教我兒子，一面找機會，好不好?她在中國留學(xué)服務(wù)中心工作。這個我自己決定不了，我得請示請示上邊兒。

Ididnotbuyagoodseatforyesterday’sfilm．Thereisnotmuchdraughtupthechimney；that’swhythefiredoesn’tburnwell．“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords”maybeanover-wornphrase，butit’sstilltrue．Thisworkshopprocessesrawmaterialsonclient’sdemandandprocessesaccordingtoinvestor’ssamplesaswell．I’llputyouonthepayrollatthebank．Youcandropinduringthedayandintheeveningtutormysonwhilelookingforajob．How’sthat?SheworksattheChineseServiceCentreforScholarlyExchange．Ican’tdecideonitpersonally．Ihavetoaskthetopkick.一次性這所全國重點大學(xué)為社會輸送了大批的人才。：要在不到十年中實現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo)，任務(wù)是很艱難的，因為中國人口眾多，底子薄，各地發(fā)展不平衡，……“慰問”一詞譯成英語時應(yīng)根據(jù)被慰問的對象選詞。①這些村民每年都到附近去慰問解放軍。②每年春節(jié)期間，當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T往往去慰問烈軍屬。③他到醫(yī)院慰問病號去了。④政府派了一個慰問團去慰問洪水災(zāi)區(qū)的人民。⑤這些慰問袋春節(jié)之前要發(fā)到下崗職工手里。漢英動詞翻譯的特點漢語動詞的含義比較單一，其修飾意義往往需要副詞配合。英語動詞的表達能力強，不僅表達動作本身，而且還包含有修飾意義。所以翻譯帶副詞修飾的漢語動詞時，不少情況下不使用副詞。一座古塔陰森森地矗立在山腰上。他摸索著把門打開。暴風(fēng)雨狂襲了一陣后停了。我的姐姐又因為我不愛整潔而向我嘮叨地勸誡了。這個案子很難辦，但那個受審的人已事先得到律師的仔細指點。語篇詞語的翻譯【例1】“首先，……”(譯成英語有多種譯法：First；Firstly；Atfirst；Firstofall；Tobeginwith等。)【例2】“第二(三、四、五……)”可譯為“second(secondly；third，thirdly；fourth；fifth…)?！纠?】“最后，……”(可以譯為：lastly；atlast；finally；eventually；toconclude等等。)【例4】“雖然……，”有多種表達法，應(yīng)注意交替使用，不可只使用一種表達法。①文章雖短，但很有說服力。②他雖很努力，但沒成功。③你雖然取得了成績，但仍應(yīng)保持謙虛。④她們雖是女流但卻爭著搶著干最重的活。⑤革命烈士雖死猶榮。⑥雖然自己曾和她信誓旦旦，但此一時也彼一時也。LectureFivechoosethebestwords:precise,concise,andexpressive這就點燃了武裝斗爭的燎原大火。Thislightedtheprairiefireinrevolutionaryarmedstruggle．他們在積極鞏固戰(zhàn)果。Theyareactivelyconsolidatingtheirvictoriousgains．女詩人知道春天就要到了，因為她看到了一些燕子。Thepoetessknewspringwascoming，becauseshesawsomeswallows．他吹著口哨沿著海濱漫步。Hewaswhistlingashewalkedalongthebeach．他想這樣會使工程及時全面展開，從而減少中途停工的可能。Hethoughtthiswouldlessenthechanceoftheproject'sbeingstoppedbeforeitreallygotunderway．吸煙是他的習(xí)慣，對他的健康損害很大。Smoking，hishabit，hasdoneconsiderableharmtohishealth．他們你一句，我一句，說個沒完。Theytalkedonandonwithoutstop.我們的目的，一定能夠達到。Ourgoalwillbeattainedcertainly．這些問題就是他提出的關(guān)于美國政治制度的問題。Thesequestionsarethequestions/onesheraisedontheAmericanpoliticalsystem．你們的計劃要進行調(diào)整。Yourplanwillhavetobeadjusted．我們應(yīng)該大力加快經(jīng)濟改革的步伐。Weshouldmakegreateffortstoacceleratethepaceofeconomicreform.NotetheChinglishtoacceleratethepaceofeconomicreformtherehavebeengoodharvestsinagricultureLivingstandardsforthepeopleinbothurbanandruralareascontinuedtoThedevelopmentofoureconomyinthefuturewill,toalargeextent,dependonFollowingtherealizationofmechanizationandelectrificationofagricultureItisimpossibleforustoaccomplishthetransformationofthewholesocietyovernightuntilChinarealizesindustrialmodernization他總算把記者招待會對付過去了。Afterall，hesurvived/dealtwiththepressconference．花園里花草茂盛，五彩繽紛。Thegardeniscarpeted/fullwithamassofmulticoloredflowers．妻子問他，“你為什么回來得這么晚?干什么去了?”他說道：“難道你要限制我的行動自由嗎?”“Whybackhomesolate?Whatdidyoudosomewherehere?”demanded/askedhiswife．“DoIunderstandyouwanttohampermyfreedomofaction?”heretorted/said/answered．在學(xué)習(xí)中我們應(yīng)該互相促進。Inourstudies，weshouldhelpeachotherforward．exercises全民族抗戰(zhàn)展開了。他們講唯心論，我們講唯物論。但是單有這個條件還不夠，還要求別的條件和他配合。首先是人民的條件.他兒子當(dāng)時還是一個小不點兒。你要母雞多生蛋，又不給它米吃，又要馬兒跑得快，又要馬兒不吃草。世界上哪有這樣的道理!我們應(yīng)該記住老一輩科學(xué)家們?yōu)槌晒ρ兄啤皟蓮棥倍^斗的那些日日夜夜。Thechoiceofwords看黑板看電視看書看朋友看病看天氣看茶開車開船開機器開會開燈開業(yè)開玩笑開夜車開支票開工開胃開荒國家建設(shè)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)加強國防和軍隊建設(shè)加強政治思想建設(shè)加強民主法制建設(shè)和平地，不受軍事威脅地建設(shè)自己的未來思想道德素質(zhì)科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)體能健康素質(zhì)素質(zhì)教育提高全民法律素質(zhì)Translatethepassage

經(jīng)濟發(fā)展涉及到范圍廣泛的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟、社會和文化等各方面的進展。在經(jīng)濟高度發(fā)展的社會，僅小部分人從事農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率較高，而大部分勞動力則從事于其他商品的生產(chǎn)及服務(wù)性行業(yè)。（時文翻譯）usefulwordsandexpressions:涉及torelateto方面dimensions;aspects經(jīng)濟高度發(fā)展的社會asocietywithhighlydevelopedeconomy從事tobeengagedin生產(chǎn)率productivity服務(wù)性行業(yè)serviceindustryLectureSixWordsandCulture詞義空缺例:據(jù)報導(dǎo)，當(dāng)?shù)鼐綄⑸钊腴_展“嚴打”斗爭和專項治理。[譯文]Reportssaythatlocalpolicewillfurthertheircrackdownonallcriminalactivitiesandlaunchspecialcampaignstofightthecrimeandsocialevilsthatthepublicdetestmost．例:唐至開元、天寶以后，作者蔚起，和以前大不同了。[譯文]Towardsthemiddleoftheeighthcenturythefashionchanged，andthereweremanywritersoffiction．例:錢先生周歲時“抓周”，抓了一本書，因此得名“鐘書”。WhenQianwasjustoneyearold，hewastoldbyhisparentstochooseonethingamongmanyothers．Hepickedupabookofallthings．Thereuponhisfatherverygladlygavehimthename：Zhongshu(=booklover)．意義走失在改革中，許多國營企業(yè)實行了合同制，被推向市場。Thecontractsystemintroducedinmanystate-ownedenterprisesduringthereformexposedtheenterprisestomarket___．少數(shù)服從多數(shù)。Theminority_issubordinatetothemajority__．文化特色詞語的英譯直譯：概念意義和文化意義相同露面丟臉老手

笑柄碰壁禍不單行一只耳朵聽，一只耳朵出為什么不你老人家明天就去走一遭，先試試風(fēng)頭兒去？（《紅樓夢》）Whynotgotheretomorrowandseehowthewingblows?意譯胸有成竹Hehaslonghadfully-grownbambooinhisbosom.Hehaslonghadawell-thought-outplaninhismind.接著他們用繩子五花大綁，把節(jié)振國捆得像個粽子似的、又是一陣拳打腳踢。節(jié)振國的嘴里鼻孔里鮮血直冒。（《赤膽忠心》）Theygavehimagoodcuffandkick,trussedhimuplikeafowlandthenwentonwallopingandkickinghimtillhisnoseandmouthwereabloodypulp.變通（鳳姐:）“這通身的氣派竟不像老祖宗的外孫女兒，竟是嫡親的孫女兒似的。”（《紅樓夢》）“Herwholeairissodistinguished!Shedoesn’ttakeafterherfather,son-in-lawifourOldAncestress,butmorelikeaJia.”(Tr.YangXianyi&GladysYang)一見面是寒暄，寒暄之后說我“胖了”，說我“胖了”之后即大罵新黨。（《祝福》）Afterexchangingafewpoliteremarkswhenwemet,heobservedthatIlooked“fat”,andhavingmadethatcomplimentaryremarkhelaunchedaviolentattackontherevolutionaries.模仿cowboy牛仔虛步emptystep弓步bowstep鐵飯碗theironrice-bowl半邊天halfthesky紙老虎papertiger淡化一刀切的辦法dosth.indiscriminately毛主席問陳妻：“你們倆感情好不好？”陳妻答：“好?！敝飨犃烁械椒浅８吲d。ThenChairmanMaotalkedwithChen’swife.Hewaspleasedtoknowthattheyhadahappyhomelife.詞語的語用意義慚愧（不敢當(dāng)；哪里）您太客氣（讓你破費；不好意思）恭喜發(fā)財！一路順風(fēng)別客氣（沒什么）漢語成語翻譯打草驚蛇tobeataboutthebush亡羊補牢tolockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbeenstolen同舟共濟tobeinthesameboat怒發(fā)沖冠tomakeone’shairstandonend洗手不干towashone’shandsoff諺語少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲學(xué)如行舟，不進則退·一桶水搖不響，半桶水響叮當(dāng)·水落石出·這山望到那山高·雷聲大，雨點小漢語重疊詞組

讓我們把房子打掃打掃。Let’scleanupthehouse．當(dāng)?shù)弥煞蚝蛣e的女孩子約會時，她就大吵大鬧起來。Whenshelearnedthatherhusbandhaddatedothergirls，shestartedyellingbloodmurder．聽說你們公司有個空位，我很想去試一試。但你能先為我牽線搭橋嗎?IhearthereisanopeninginyourcompanyandIwouldliketofillit．Butwillyoupullsomestringsforme?四字格質(zhì)地優(yōu)良tobeexcellentinquality(或withsuperiorquality)品種齊全incompleterangeofarticles款式繁多withvariouspatterns選料考究choicematerial做工精細fineworkmanship色澤鮮明bright-coloured零售價格retailprice批發(fā)價格wholesaleprice貨到付款paymentagainstarrival出類拔萃aboveaverage馳名中外tobepopularbothathomeandabroad一針見血——totouchoneontheraw不翼而飛——totakewingstoitself小題大做——tomakemountainsoutofmolehills格格不入——asquarepeginaroundhole山窮水盡——attheendofone’srope冷若冰霜——ascoldasamarble半斤八兩——sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother胸有成竹——tohaveacardupone’ssleeve孤注一擲——toputallone’seggsinonebasket紙上談兵——armchairstrategy白費唇舌——tospeaktothewind同行相嫉——Twoofatradecanneveragree．一文不名——withoutapennytoone’snameexercises稱心如意窮兇惡極發(fā)號施令驚天動地

唉聲嘆氣胡言亂語日新月異粗制濫造深仇大恨奇談怪論奇裝異服南腔北調(diào)儒林外史駱駝祥子好事不出門，壞事傳千里近朱者赤，近墨者黑外甥打燈籠，照舅（舊）子曰：“工欲善其事，必先利其器。”我希望我們所有的同志，首先是老同志，不要翹尾巴，而要夾緊尾巴，戒驕戒躁，永遠保持謙虛進取的精神。LectureSeven

Trytoformthemostappropriateversiondiscussion我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮某煽?，但這并不意味著我們就可以從此吃老本而無需進取了。例：老師答應(yīng)給這幾個學(xué)生“吃小灶”。Wehaveachievedalot，butthatdoesn’tmeanwecanthereforerestonourlaurelswithoutaiminghigh．Theteacherhaspromisedtogivethesestudentsspecialtuition．Digouttheconnotativemeaning你怎么能夠相信他呢?他是個墻頭草，誰硬就跟誰。他真是軟棉花捏的，挨了罵都不敢還嘴。Howcanyoutrusthim?Don’tyouknowthathealwayssitsonthefenceandfallsonthesideofthestronger?He’swishy-washy．Hedarenottalkbackwhenbeingcursed．Choosethemostexpressivewords幾天工夫，由于搶購，商店的貨物銷售一空。Withindays，panicbuyingemptiedstoreshelves.這份辛苦的工作正在影響到我的健康。Thishardworkistellingonmyhealth．頤和園是我國勞動人民勤勞和智慧的產(chǎn)物。A.TheSummerPalaceistheresultofChina’sworkingmen'sindustryandwisdom．B.TheSummerPalaceisamonumenttotheindustryandwisdomofthelaboringpeopleofChina．C.TheSummerPalaceistheoutcomeofChina’sworkingmen’sindustryandwisdom．這種論點目前還有一定的市場。Thisargumenthassomeappealatpresent．他廢寢忘食地工作Heeats，drinksandsleepshiswork．Lookforanotherpassage努力實現(xiàn)從擴大規(guī)模數(shù)量為主向提高質(zhì)量效益為主的轉(zhuǎn)變。Effortsshouldbemadetoshiftpriorityofexpandingscaleandquantitytoimprovingqualityandefficiency．2.當(dāng)?shù)卣疄榱烁纳粕鷳B(tài)環(huán)境采取了許多措施。Thelocalgovernmenthasdonemuchfortheimprovementoftheecologicalenvironment．Avoidshowingthesameface科學(xué)知識要求完全不受個人情感的影響。Scientificknowledgeaimsatbeingwhollyimpersonal．柏拉圖的教誨對亞里士多德有深遠的影響。P1ato’steachingshadaprofoundeffectonAristotle．粗劣的食物影響兒童自然的生長。Poorfoodarreststhenaturalgrowthofchildren．他們讓孩子們受到好書的影響。Theyexposechildrentogoodbooks．他們在政治上缺乏影響力。Theylackpoliticalclout．Chinglishexamples她是一個大齡青年Sheisabig-ageyouth．互相借鑒對方的經(jīng)驗”tolearnfromeachother’sexperience，英、美人說：toprofitablyshareexperience．這些原則一直是我們民族的精神支柱。Theseprinciplesareourspiritualpillar.Theseprincipleshavenourishedthesoulofournation.1.IfthereisseriouschaosinHongkong,theChinesegovernmentwouldbeforcedtoreconsider…2.thesepracticesshouldbetotallyabolished.3.Ithinkweshouldactivelypromotetheestablishmentofanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.4.allsocialcirclesaretremendouslyenthusiasticaboutprovidingeducationWilliamZinsser:Mostadverbsareunnecessary.Youwillclutteryoursentenceandannoythereaderifyouchooseaberbthathasaprecisemeaningandthemaddanadverbthatcarriesthesamething…Againandagainincarelesswriting,strongverbsareweakenedbyredundantadverbs.Wehavedozensofthousandsofstudentsstudyingabroad,anditisquiteimportanttocreatesuitableconditionsfortheirworkaftertheycomeback.Idon’tthinkthatthatpartofhistory,afailysignificantpartofourlivesformygeneration,hasgonewiththewind.Literaltranslation他接過書擺在膝蓋上讀了起來。Hetookthebook,laiditonhislapandbegantoread.香蜜湖中國娛樂城是深圳娛樂場所之一。Honey-lakeChinaRecreationTownisoneofthepublicplacesforentertainmentinShenzhen.象鼻山是桂林最精彩的山。ElephantTrunkHillisthemostmagnificentofallinGuilin.直譯加注法保持原文語言風(fēng)格1990年共批準(zhǔn)“三資企業(yè)”99家，全省“三資企業(yè)”已達284家。In1990,theprovinceapproved99‘ThreeFormsofVentures’(Sino-foreignjointventures,cooperativeenterprisesandholisticforeign-fundedenterprises).Thetotalnumberofthe‘ThreeFormsofVentures’reached284.Freetranslation他們的個性相差十萬八千里。沉住氣，即使考試不及格天也不會塌下來。你再不好好干，就要丟飯碗了。他是個二百五。木已成舟，只好作罷。他一開口總是三句不離本行。Translatethefollowingsentenceswithtwomethods一切反動派都是紙老虎。這兩種建筑的設(shè)計在大小、材料和建筑構(gòu)型方面千差萬別。顧客對辦公室工作人員的服務(wù)態(tài)度不滿。價格降低了，但是質(zhì)量并沒有降低。AllroadsleadtoRome近年來，深圳和香港的交通運輸發(fā)展迅速，為兩個地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。InrecentyearsthetransportationandcommunicationofShenzhenandHongkonghavequicklydeveloped,providingagoodfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions.RecentyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofthetransportationandcommunicationinShenzhenandHongkong,whichhaspreparedforgoodeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions..Shenzhenandkongkong,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheirtransportationandcommunicationinrecentyears,havelaidagoodfoundationfortheireconomicandtradecooperation.TherapiddevelopmentofthetransportationandcommunicationofShenzhenandHongkonginrecentyearshaslaidasoundfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions近年來，中、泰兩國國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速，為兩國的經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。A.InrecentyearsthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandhavequicklydeveloped,providingagoodfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.B.RecentyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesinChinaandThailand,whichhaspreparedforgoodeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.C.ChinaandThailand,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheirnationaleconomiesinrecentyears,havelaidagoodfoundationfortheireconomicandtradecooperation.D.TheraiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandinrecentyearshaslaidasoundfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.homework臺灣是中國神圣領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分。我們將一如既往地堅持“和平統(tǒng)一，一國兩制”的基本方針，堅持江澤民主席關(guān)于發(fā)展兩岸關(guān)系、，推進祖國和平統(tǒng)一進程的八項主張，大力發(fā)展兩岸經(jīng)濟、科技、文化等領(lǐng)域的交流與合作，增加人員往來，與臺灣同胞共同努力，堅決反對制造“臺灣獨立”、“兩個中國”、“一中一臺”等分裂活動。TranslationofDiscoursesTranslationofadvertisementsTranslationofliteratureworksTranslationofnewsreportTranslationofEST(EnglishforScienceandTechnology)FunctionsofadsinformativefunctionAestheticfunctionExpressivefunctionVocativefunctionFeaturesofad’slanguageSentencestructureSimplesentenceOral-Btoothbrush:Thebestwaytogetridofplaqueistobuildabettertoothbrush.Orangejuice:Theonlyorangejuiceproventohelpreducecholesterol.ImperativesentenceKetchup:AddCheerToYourChickenTRANSITIONSglasses:SeeAWorldOfDifferenceWithNewTransitionsComfortLenses.Somecosmetics:Ahh…Spa!TakeMeAway!-ed/ingphrasesIntroducingtheplasticprescriptionlensesthatlightenanddarkenasthelightchanges.(光學(xué)公司)Shampoo:Blendedwithcitrusextractstobringoutyourhair’smostradiantshine.

ShortsentenceTastetoogreattowait.(食品)Notallcarsarecreatedequal.(三菱汽車)Cookingwithoutlooking.(minuterice)Makeyoureveryhelloarealgood-buy.(電話機)PartedsentenceSea,sun,sand,seclusion---andSpain!(海濱旅館)Sometimesafrighteningburdenisplacedonachild.Byafather,amother,orboth.(兒童福利廣告)Justputitin,brush,letitstandtenminutes,thenflush.(去污劑)FiguresofspeechParallelismNootherpantslooksthiscomfortable.Nototherpantsarethiscomfortable.(某輕便短褲)Withordinaryprinter,youseethedog;Withourprinter,youseethecat.(打印機)Personification

Shehasherownspiritanditgraceseveryoneshecomesnear.(perfume)Thecarsaysyou’vemadeittothetop.(汽車廣告)

RhymeAnewversion,anewvision.(童車)Oncetasted,alwaysloved.Thechoiceisyours,thehonorisours.pun

Beer:WhichlargercanclaimtobetrulyGerman?Thiscan.telephoneMakeyoureveryhelloarealgood-buy.hyperboleWe’vehiddenagardenfullofvegetableswhereyou’dneverexpect.Inapie.在您意想不到的一個地方，我們珍藏了滿園的蔬菜，那就是在一個小小的餡餅里。Littlewondertheydon’tbuildcarsliketheyusedto.Buildingapenisdifficultenough.難怪他們不像以前那樣造汽車了，制造一支筆就已夠難的。(筆藝之精湛)Whatdoadstranslationrequire?AdsstyleSameinformationFunctionofpublicityRhetoricTobefreeandcreativeBrand+slogan+textBrandtranslationmethodsLiteraltranslation皇冠牌Crown自然美化妝品NaturalBeauty好日子牌GoodDaysMindtheculturaldifferences船牌床單Junk帆船；廢品，破鐵舊罐；假冒貨蝙蝠牌電扇Bat吸血鬼，殘忍transliteration海天Haitian紅塔Hongta太極Taiji新科Shinco康佳Konka格力Gree美的Midea羅莎RosaMindhomophone西子香皂Shitze(shits)芳芳牌Fang(thetwo,sharp,upperteeththatsomeanimalshave.)Anidealway:combinethesoundandmeaning黛絲洗發(fā)水Daisy方太廚具Fountain白沙集團Beshiny海信電器Hisense轉(zhuǎn)譯Createandredesign統(tǒng)一食品President正廣和純凈水Aquarius潔婷Ladycare樂百氏飲料Robust金利來領(lǐng)帶Goldlion=gold+lion雅戈爾YoungerGoodyear固特異SlogantranslationDiamond:AdiamondisforeverNIKE:JustdoitMaxwellcoffee:GoodtothelastdropPHILIP:Let’smakethingsbetter森馬：特步：農(nóng)夫山泉：直譯法李寧運動服：一切皆有可能Anythingispossible.嘉亨印務(wù)：給我一個機會，還你一個驚喜。Givemeachance,andyouwillhaveabigsurprise.丁家宜：擁有完美肌膚的秘訣Thesecretforperfectskin轉(zhuǎn)譯法國酒茅臺，相伴輝煌Goodandvigorousspirit.鶴舞白沙，我心飛揚Flyhigher.運動休閑，我行我速Gomyownway.我有我品質(zhì)Whatwedo,wedowell.仿譯法imitation愛您一輩子Lovemetender,lovemetrue.一冊在手，縱覽全球Theglobebringsyoutheworldinasinglecopy.中原之行哪里去？鄭州亞細亞WhileinZhengzhou,doastheZhengzhounesedo----GoshoppingintheAsianSupermarket.隨身攜帶，有備無患；隨身攜帶，有驚無險。（速效救心丸）Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Transfertherhetoric直譯眉筆象花瓣一樣柔和Oureyebrowpencilsareassoftaspetals.揚子，我為你自豪！YangziFridges,Iamproudofyou!非?？蓸罚浅＿x擇ExtraordinaryCola.Extraordinarychoice.意譯文字處理機：輸入千言萬語，奏出一片深情Thiswordprocessorplaysatuneofdeepfeelingwheneveryouaretyping.皮鞋：皮張之厚無以復(fù)加，利潤之薄無以復(fù)減Theleathershoesmakeherearethickenough;Profitthat’sobtainedisslightenough.并用

鞋油：第一流的產(chǎn)品，為足下增輝Thefirst-rateshoepolishaddslustertoyourshoesandhonortoyou,ourfriends.飲料：甜甜蜜蜜，無限愛戀盡在其中Withboundlessloveinit,thedrinkismorethansweet.Texttranslation在四川西部，有一美麗去處。它背倚岷山主峰雪寶頂，樹木蒼翠，花香襲人，鳥聲婉轉(zhuǎn)，流水潺潺。它就是松潘縣的黃龍。OneofSichan’sfinestspotsisHuangLong,whichliesinSongpancountyjustbeneathXuebao,themainpeakoftheMinshanMountain.Ithaslushgreenforestsfilledwithfragrantflowers,babblingstreamsandsongbirds.Preciseandconcise

簡潔明快，刪減冗余該產(chǎn)品配方科學(xué)，選料上乘，工藝先進，含有豐富的蛋白質(zhì)，脂肪，維生素及不飽和脂肪酸和微量元素。Theproductispreparedfromsupermaterialandproducedbyscientificformulaandadvancedtechnology,richinprotein,fat,vitamins,notsaturatedfattyacidsandmicroelements.“長城號”游船設(shè)施豪華舒適，除觀景塔、游泳池、酒吧間、日光浴室外，佳肴美點，中西皆備，并有寬敞的游步甲板，游客飽覽沿途風(fēng)光，華麗而舒適的客房均有空調(diào)設(shè)備，令您有賓至如歸的感受。BeingadeluxecruisertotourtheYangtzeRiver,“TheGreatWall”hasindoorandopen-airobservationtowers,aswimmingpool,abar,asolariumaswellasChineseandWesternrestaurantsandaspaciousdeck.Allthecabinsaresuperb,comfortableandair-conditioned.Seekingfunctionalequivalence茅臺：醬香突出，幽雅細膩，酒體醇厚，回味悠長，空杯留香持久，歷屆國家名酒評比之冠，尊為國酒。CarefullyBrewedPureandMellowWithaLong-LastingAroma(ChinesePictorial)本品采用100%天然棉層精梳制成，品質(zhì)柔軟貼切，適合化妝使用。經(jīng)特殊化學(xué)高溫殺菌、脫脂處理，品質(zhì)清潔，衛(wèi)生可靠。棉質(zhì)柔軟細致，能徹底清除油垢殘妝，讓你的肌膚更具健康活力。最適用于上妝、卸妝；拭除面霜、唇膏、指甲油；清潔貴重物品。100%COTTONGENTLEANDSOFTenoughforababy’sskin.ANATURALWAYtoremovemakeupandcleanser,nailpolish,lotion,cream,etc.PERFECTfora