2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題(第一套)及參考答案完整版

2019年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題及參考答案完整版(第一套)PartIWriting(25minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstostudy.Pleaserecommendauniversitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.【參考范文】Dear，IamdelightedtohearthatyouaregoingtostudyinaChineseuniversity.SinceyouhaveaskedformyadviceaboutchoosingwhichuniversityIwilltrytogiveyousomeusefulsuggestionshereItiswellknownthatPekingUniversityisagreatplacetolean.Thereareseveralfactorsaccountingforthischoiceandthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.Firstandforemost,PekingUniversityisoneofthetopuniversitiesinChinaandthebirthplaceofmanygreatminds.Therefore,itcanprovidehigh-qualityteachingresources,whichisessentialforaforeignlearner.Inaddition,BeijingisthecapitalofChinaandtherearevarioushistoricbuildings.TheyprovideforeignstudentstoknowChinesecultureandhistoryIhopeyouwillfindthesesuggestionshelpfulandwishyouallthebest！Yours，LiMing【參考譯文】親愛(ài)的露絲:得知你要來(lái)中國(guó)的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),我很高興。既然你針對(duì)大學(xué)的選擇問(wèn)題詢問(wèn)了我的看法,我將在這里給你提供一些有用的建議。眾所周知,北京大學(xué)是學(xué)習(xí)的好地方。做出這種選擇有多種原因,但以下是最典型的首先,北京大學(xué)是中國(guó)最頂尖的大學(xué)之一,這里也培養(yǎng)出了許多棟梁之才。因此,它可以提供高質(zhì)量的教學(xué)資源,這對(duì)于外國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)是最根本的。此外,北京是中國(guó)的首都,這里有各種各樣的歷史建筑。這些建筑能為外國(guó)學(xué)生提供了了解中國(guó)文化和歷史的好機(jī)會(huì)。希望以上建議對(duì)你有幫助,祝一切順利！誠(chéng)摯的,李明PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.QuestionsIand2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1A)ManyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcowAwanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfencesSometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.AwanderingcowwascapturedbythepoliceA)Itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.Itfounditswaybacktothepark'szooItbecameagreatattractionfortouristsItwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheardA)ItisthelargestofitskindItisgoingtobeexpanded.ItisdisplayingmorefossilspecimensItisstaringanonlineexhibition.A)AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromAustralia.PhotographsofcertainrarefossilexhibitsSomeancientwallpaintingsfromAustraliaPicturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontest.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard5A)PickuptrashAmusevisitorsDelivermessagesPlaywithchildrenA)TheyareespeciallyintelligentTheyarechildren‘sfavoriteD)TheyarecleanandprettyA)ChildrenmaybeharmedbytherooksChildrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.ChildrenmaycontractbirddiseasesChildrenmayoverfeedtherooksSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B，)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheardA)ItwillbeproducedatHarvardUniversityItwillbehostedbyfamousprofessorsItwillcoverdifferentareasofscienceItwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveriesA)ItwillbemorefuturisticItwillbemoresystematicItwillbemoreentertainingItwillbeeasiertounderstand.A)Peopleinterestedinscience.YoungsterseagertoexploreChildrenintheirearlyteensA)OfferprofessionaladviceProvidefinancialsupport.HelppromoteitontheInternet.Makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)UnsureHelpless.ConcernedDissatisfied.A)Heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.HelosesheartwhenfacedwithsetbacksHeistooambitiousinachievinggoalsHetakesonprojectsbeyondhisabilityEmbarrassedUnconcernedMiserableResentfulTrytobeoptimisticwhateverhappensComparehispresentwithhispastonAlwayslearnfromothers'achievementsTreatothersthewayhewouldbetreatedSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)and，D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)TheyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibilityTheyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.TheyaremorelikelytobecomeTheyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleadersA)PraisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequentlyEncouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirownInsistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermoreRespondmorepositivelytoboys‘comments.A)Offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.ProvideavarietyofoptionalcoursesPlacegreatemphasisontestscoresPayextraattentiontotopstudentsQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ItoftenrainscatsanddogsItseldomrainsinsummertimeItdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.ItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheUSA)TheydrivemostofthetimeTherainisusuallyverylight.TheyhavegotusedtotherainTheraincomesmostlyatnight.A)Ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.IthasneverseenthunderandlightingIthasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.Ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandinwinter.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ItoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivityItresultsfromexertingone'smusclescontinuouslyIthappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.Itcomesfromstainingone'smusclesinanunusualwayA)Bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.Bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.TheybegintomakerepairsimmediatelyTheygraduallybecomefragmentedA)Aboutoneweek.AbouttwodaysAbouttendaysAboutfourweeksA)Applymusclecreams.DrinkplentyofwaterHaveahotshowerTakepain-killers【參考答案】5ADCBC6-10BDABD15ADBDA16-20CCDCA21-25BDDABPartUIReadingcomprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglethecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Finally,somegoodnewsaboutairplanetravel.Ifyouareonaplanewithasickpassenger.Youareunlikelytogetsick.Thatisthe26ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratory(呼吸道)viruses27onairplanes.Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinindividualhadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.Allotherpassengershadonlyavery28chanceofgettingsickaccordingtothefindings.Mediareportshavenotnecessarilypresented.29informationabouttheriskofgettinginfectedonanairplaneinthepast.Therefore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless30tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.Priortothenewstudy.litterwasknownabouttherisksofgetting31infectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairplane,theresearcherssaid.So,to32therisksofinfection,thestudyteamflewon10different33intheUs.34sideofapersoninfectedwithflu,aswellasthosesittingoneroeinfontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80—personchanceofgettingsick.Butotherpassengerswere35safefrominfection.Theyhadalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.A)accurateE)evaluateI)NearbyB)conclusionF)explorationsJ)respondN)vividlyC)directlyG)flightsK)SlimO)vulnerableD)eitherH)largelyL)spread【參考答案】26-30BLKAO31-35CEGDHSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2ASouthKoreancitydesignedforthefuturetakesonalifeofitsownGettingaroundacityisonething-andthenthere'sthematterofgettingfromonecitytoanotherOnevisionoftheperfectcityofthefuture:aplacethatofferseasyaccesstoairtravel.In2011,aUniversityofNorthCarolinabusinessprofessornamedJohnKasardapublishedabookcalledAerotropolis:TheWayWellLiveNext.Kasardasaysfuturecitiesshouldbebuiltintentionallyaroundornearairports.Theidea,ashehasputit,istoofferbusinesses"rapidlong-distanceconnectivityonamassivescale."The18thcenturyreallywasawaterbome(水運(yùn)的)century,the19thcenturyarailcentury.the20thcenturyahighway,car,truckcenturyandthe21stcenturywillincreasinglybeanaviationcentury,astheglobebecomesincreasinglyconnectedbyair,KasardasaysSongdo,acitybuiltfromscratchinSouthKorea,isoneofKasarda'sprimeexamples.Ithasexistedforjustfewyears.Fromtheget-go,itwasdesignedonthebasisofconnectivityandcompetitiveness，“saysKasada.ThegovernmentbuiltthebridgedirectlyfromtheairporttoSongdointernationalbusinessdistrict.Andthesurfaceinfrastructurewasbuiltintandemwiththenewairport.”Songdoisastone'sthrowfromSouthKoreasIncheonAirport,itsmaininternationalhub樞紐).Butittakesalotmorethananearbyairporttobeacityofthefuture.Justbuildingaplaceasan"internationalbusinessdistrictdoes‘ntmeanitwillbecomeone.ParkYeonSooconceived(構(gòu)想)thiscityofthefuturebackin1986.HeconsidersSongdohisbaby."Iamavisionary,"hesays.Thirtyyearsafterheimaginedthecity,Park'sbabyiscloseto70percentbuilt,withpeoplelivinginthebusinessdistrictand90,000residentsingreaterSongdo.It'saboutanhouroutsideSeoul,builtonreclaimedtidalflatsalongtheYellowSea,TheresacoastGuardbuildingandatalltradetower,aswellasapark,golfcourseanduniversity.Chancesareyou'veactuallyseenthisplace.SongdoappearsinthemostfamousmusicvideoevertocomeoutofSouthKorea.GangnamStyle"referstothefashionableGangnamdistrictinSeoul.ButsomeofthevideowasfilmedinSongdo.Idon‘tknowifyouremember,therewasasceneinasubwaystation.ThatwasnotGangnam.ThatwasactuallySongdo,saysJungWonSon,aprofessorofurbandevelopmentatLondon‘sBartlettSchoolofPlanning,"Partofthereasontoshootthereisthatit'snewandnice.Thecitywassupposedtobeahubforglobalcompanies,withemployeesfromallovertheworld.Buthat'snothowithasturnedout.Songdosreputationisasafuturisticghosttown.Buttherealityismorecomplicated.Abridgewithbig,light-blueloopsleadsintothebusinessdistrict.Inthecenterofthemainroadthere'salonglineofflagsoftheworld.Onthecomer,there‘saStarbucksanda7-Eleven--alloftheinternationalbrandsthatyouseeallovertheworldnowadays.Thecityisnotempty.Therearemotherspushingstrollers,oldwomenwithwalkerseveninthemiddleoftheday.whenit's90degreesout.ByunYoung-JinchairstheSongdorealestateassociationandstartedsellingpropertyherewhenthefirstphaseofthecityopenedin2005.Hesaysdemandhasboomedinthepastcoupleofyears.MostofhisclientsareKorean.Infact,thedevelopersays,99percentofthehomesherearesoldtoKoreans.Youngfamiliesmoveherebecausetheschoolsaregreat.Andthat'stheproblem:SongdohasbecomeapopularKoreancitymorepopularasaresidentialareathanabusinessoneIt'snotyetthefuturisticinternationalbusinesshubthatplannersimagined.It'sagreatplacetolive.Andit'sbecomingagreatplacetowork,saysScottSummers,thevicepresidentofGaleInternational,thedeveloperofthecity.Thefloor-to-ceilingwindowsofhiscompany'sofficesoverlookSongdoCentralPark,withacanalfullofkayaksandpaddleboats.Shimmering(閃爍的)glasstowerslinethecana1'sedge."What'shappenedis,becausewefocusedoncreatingthatqualityoflifefirst,whichenabledtheresidentstolivehere,whathasprobablymissedthemarkisforcompaniestolocatehere,hesays.Thereneedstobestrongeconomicincentives."Thecityisstillunfinished,anditfeelsabitlikeathemepark.Itdoesn'tfeelallthatfuturistic.There'sahigh-techundergroundtrashdisposalsystem.Buildingsareenvironmentallyfriendly.Everybody'stelevisionsetisconnectedtoasystemthatstreamspersonalizedlanguageorexerciseclasses.ButStarTrekthisisnot.Andtosomeoftheresidents,Songdofeelshollow."I'm,like:inprisonforweekdays.That'swhatwecallitintheworkplace“saysawomaninher20s.Shedoesn'twanttousehernameforfearofbeingfiredfromherjob.ShegoesbacktoSeouleveryweekend.MIsayI'mprison-breakingonFridaynights."Butshehastomaketheprisonbreakinherowncar.There'snohigh-speedtrainconnectingSongdotoSeouLjustover20milesaway.ThemanwhofirstimaginedSongdofeelsfrustrated，too.ParksayshebuiltSouthKoreaaluxuryvehicle,"likeMercedesorBMW.It'sagoodcarnow.Butwe'rewaitingforagooddrivertoaccelerate-"Buttherearelotsofothergoodcarsoutthere,too.Theworldisdottedwithfuturistic,high-techcitiestryingtoattractthebiggestinternationalcompanies.Songdosbackerscontendthatit'sstillearly,andbusinessspaceisfillingup—about70percentoffinishedofficesarenowoccupied.BrentRyan:whoteachesurbandesignat\UT,saysSongdoprovesauniversalprinciple."Therehavebeenalotofutopian烏托井的)citiesinhistory.Andthereasonwedon'tknowaboutalotofthemisthatalotofthemhavevanishedentirely."Inotherwords,whenitcomestocities—ranythingelse—itishardtopredictthefuture.Songdo'spopularityliesmoreinitsqualityoflifethanitsbusinessattraction.ThemanwhoconceivesSongdofeelsdisappointedbecauseithasfallenshortofhisexpectations.AsceneinapopularSouthKoreanmusicvideowasshotmSongdo.Songdostilllacksthefinancialstimulusforbusinessestosetupshopthere.Airplaneswillincreasinglybecomethechiefmeansoftransportation,accordingtoaprofessor.Songdohasendedupdifferentfromthecityitwassupposedtobe.SomeofthepeoplewhoworkinSongdocomplainaboutboredomintheworkplace.Abusinessprofessorsaysthatafuturecityshouldhaveeasyaccesstointernationaltransportation.Accordingtoanurbandesignprofessor,itisdifficultforcitydesignerstoforeseewhathappenmthefuture.ParkYeonSo.WhoenvisionedSongdo,feelsaparentalconnectionwiththecity.【參考答案】36-40FIDGB41-45EHAJCSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre..PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThefifthlargestcityintheUSpassedasignificantsodataxproposalthatwilllevy(征稅)centsperliquidounceondistributors.Philadelphia'snewmeasurewasapprovedbya13to4citycouncilvote.Itsetsanewbarforsimilarinitiativesacrossthecounty.Itisproofthattaxesonsugarydrinkscanwinsubstantialsupportoutsidesuper-liberalareas.Untilnow,theonlycitytosuccessfullypassandimplementasodataxwasBerkeley,Califomia,in2014.Thetaxwillapplytoregularanddietsodas,aswellasotherdrinkswithaddedsugar,suchasGatoradeandicedteas.It'sexpectedtoraise$410millionoverthenextfiveyears,mostofwhichwillgotowardfundingauniversalpre-kindergartenprogramforthecity.Whilethecitycouncilvotewasmetwithapplauseinsidethecouncilroom,opponentstothemeasure,includingsodalobbyistsmadesharpcriticismsandapromisetochallengethetaxincourt.“Thetaxpassedtodayunfairlysinglesoutbeverages-includinglow-andno-caloriechoices”,saidLaurenKane,spokeswomanfortheAmericanBeverageAssociation.“Butmostimportantly,itisagainstthelaw.SowewillsidewiththemajorityofthepeopleofPhiladelphiawhoopposethistaxandtakelegalactiontostopit.“Anindustrybackedanti-taxcampaignhasspentatleastS4milliononadvertisements.Theadscriticizedthemeasure.characterizingitasa“grocerytax.”PublichealthgroupsapplaudedtheapprovedtaxasasteptowardfixingcertainlastinghealthissuesthatplagueAmericans.“Themovetorecaptureasmallpartoftheprofitsfromanindustrythatpushesaproductthatcontributestodiabetes,obesityandheartdiseaseinpoorercommunitiesinordertoreinvestinthosecommunitieswillsurebeinspirationaltomanyotherplaces”,saidJimKrieger,executivedirectorofHealthyFoodAmerica.Indeed,wearealreadyhearingfromsomeofthem.“It'snotjustBerkeleyanymore.”SimilarmeasuresinCalifornia'sAlbany,Oakland,SanFranciscoandColorado'sboulderarebecominghot-buttonissuesHealthadvocacygroupshavehintedthatevenmoremightbecomingWhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthenewly-approvedsodataxinPhiladelphiaItwillchangethelifestyleofmanyconsumersItmayencourageotherUScitiestofollowsuit.Itwillcutsodaconsumptionamonglow-incomecommunitiesItmayinfluencethemarketingstrategiesofthesodabusinessWhatwilltheopponentsprobablydotorespondtothesodataxproposalBargainwiththecitycouncil.Refusetopayadditionaltax.TakelegalactionagainstitTrytowinpublicsupport.Whatdidtheindustry-backedanti-taxcampaigndoaboutthesodataxproposalIttriedtoarousehostilefeelingsamongconsumersIttriedtowingrocerssupportagainstthemeasureItkeptsendinglettersofprotesttothemediaItcriticizedthemeasurethroughadvertisingWhatdidpublichealthgroupsthinkthesodataxwoulddoAlertpeopletotheriskofsugar-induceddiseases.Helppeopletofixcertainlong-timehealthissues.Addtothefundfortheirresearchondiseases.Benefitlow-incomepeopleacrossthecountryWhatdowelearnaboutsimilarmeasuresconcerningthesodataxinsomeothercitiesTheyarebecomingrathersensitiveissues.Theyarespreadingpanicinthesodaindustry.Theyarereducingtheincidenceofsugar-induceddiseases.Theyaretakingawaylotofprofitfromthesodaindustry.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Poppingfoodintothemicrowaveforacoupleofminutesmayseemutterlyharmless,butEurope'sstockofthesequick-cookingovensemitasmuchcarbonasnearly7millioncars,anewstudyhasfound.Andtheproblemisgrowing.Withcostsfallingandkitchenappliancesbecoming“status"items,ownersarethrowingawaymicrowavesafteranaverageofeightyears.Thisispushingsalesofnewmicrowaveswhichareexpectedtoreach135millionannuallyintheEUbytheendofthedecadeAstudybytheUniversityofManchestercalculatedtheemissionsofco2-themaingreenhousegasresponsibleforclimatechange-ateverystageofmicrowaves,frommanufacturetowastedisposal.“Itiselectricityconsumptionbymicrowavesthathasthebiggestimpactontheenvironment,"saytheauthors.Theauthorsalsocalculatethattheemissionsfromusing19microwavesoverayeararethesameasthosefromusingacar.Accordingtothesamestudy,effortstoreduceconsumptionshouldfocusonimprovingconsumerawarenessandbehaviour.Forexample,consumerscoulduseappliancesinamoreefficientwaybyadjustingthetimeofcookingtothetypeoffood.However,DavidReay,professorofcarbonmanagement,arguesthat,althoughmicrowavesuseagreatdealofenergy,theiremissionsareminorcomparedtothosefromcars.IntheUKalone,therearearound30millioncarsThesecarsemitmorethanallthemicrowavesintheEU.Backingthisup,recentdatashowthatpassengercarsintheUKemitted69milliontonsofCO2in2015.Thisis10timestheamountthisnewmicrowaveovenstudyestimatesforannualemissionsforallthemicrowaveovensintheEU.Further,theenergyusedbymicrowavesislowerthananyotherformofcooking.Amongcommonkitchenappliancesusedforcooking,microwavesarethemostenergyefficient,followedbyastoveandfinallyastandardoven.Thus,risingmicrowavesalescouldbeseenasapositivething.Whatisthefindingofthe