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名詞的學(xué)習(xí)名詞的概述:名詞是表達(dá)人、地方、事物或抽象概念的名詞的詞??梢哉f名詞是萬物之名詞。名詞的分類:名詞專有名詞:表達(dá)具體的人、事物地點或機構(gòu)的專有名稱,如theGreatWall,Tom,America,thePeople’sRepublicofChina.普通名詞個體名詞:表達(dá)個體的人或事物的名詞,如apple、ship集體名詞:表達(dá)一群人或一些事物的名詞,如family、class、people、team等。物質(zhì)名詞:表達(dá)無法分為個體實物的名詞,如ink、tea、fire、water、rain、air、bread等。抽象名詞:表達(dá)抽象概念的名詞,如表達(dá)動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)或其它的抽象概念的名詞,如happiness、friendship、heath、leadership等。注:巧記不可數(shù)名詞的歌訣:金木水火土,肉食面茶布。gold、wood、wat(yī)er、fire、soil,meat、flour、food、tea、cloth例:1、Therearetwokindsof(bread)intheshop.2、Therearemanydifferentkindsof(fish)inthelake.考點1:名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞并非絕對,如上述例題中物質(zhì)名詞在表達(dá)不同種類/類別的該物質(zhì)時也可用作可數(shù)名詞,可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。三:名詞的數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則:①.規(guī)則變化一般情況:在詞尾加-s,如book-books、car-cars以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾:在詞尾加-es,如box-boxes、watch-watches以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾:把y變i加-es,如city-cities以f或fe結(jié)尾:把f或fe變?yōu)関后加-es,如knife-knives輔音字母加o結(jié)尾有生命:在詞尾加-es,如potato-potat(yī)oes無生命:在詞尾加-s,如piano-pianos注:a.巧記常見的以輔音字母加0結(jié)尾的名詞加-es變復(fù)數(shù)的三個單詞:英雄(hero)愛吃土豆(potato)和西紅柿(tomato)。b.巧記以-f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的歌訣:樹葉半數(shù)自己黃,妻子拿刀上山岡,架后竄出一只狼,仿佛盜賊逃命忙。leaf,half,self;wife,knife;shelf,wolf;thief,life例:——“Whatdoweneedforthesalad?”——“Weneedtwoapplesandthree?”orangeB.tomatoesC.broccoli考點2:可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的考察。②不規(guī)則變化變oo為ee,如foot-feet、tooth-teeth變a為e,如man-men、woman-women、fireman-firemen在詞尾加-ren,如child-children單復(fù)數(shù)相同,如fish、deer、sheep表達(dá)哪國人中日不變,如Chinese,Japanese英法把man變成men,如Englishman-Englishmen其它一般加-s,如Canadian-Canadians注:a.巧記不規(guī)則名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)口訣:oo常要變ee,foot-feet是一例;男人、女人a變e,woman-women又一例。尚有一個應(yīng)記準(zhǔn),child的復(fù)數(shù)是children。鹿和綿羊是一家,單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)無變化。B.巧記“某國人”變復(fù)數(shù)口訣:中日不變英法變,其余后面-s添。某國人后含女男,a變e來記心間。例:ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike’sfarmandsawmanythere.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit考點3:可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)分;單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞考察。不可數(shù)名詞的“量”的表達(dá):經(jīng)常由可數(shù)名詞來幫助表達(dá),常用結(jié)構(gòu)——表達(dá)數(shù)量的詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞,如acupoftea,twobottlesofwater,abowlofrice.(此結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于表達(dá)可數(shù)名詞的量,如abasketofapples,twobagsofpotatoes.)例:——CanIhelpyou?——I‘dlikeformytwindaughters.twopairshoesB.twopairsshoesC.twopairsshoesD.twopairsofshoes考點4:表達(dá)名詞量的固定短語的考察。修飾名詞的數(shù)量詞①.只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有:many、several、hundredsof、thousandsof、millionsof、anumberof、agroupof、apairof、quiteafew、(a)few、onlyafew、veryfew等.②.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:much、agreatdealof、abitof、adropof、adropof、apieceof、(a)little等.③.既能修飾可數(shù)名詞,又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有:some、any、plentyof、alotof等.只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞:clothes、trousers、glasses、scissors、shorts、pants、jeans(以上名詞在句中用作復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞或相應(yīng)的代詞要使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。)名詞所有格1.加’s構(gòu)成①表達(dá)有生命的人或事物的名詞的所有格,一般在詞尾加’s,如Mary’sbike、thestudent’sbooks②表達(dá)時間、距離、國家、城鄉(xiāng)、價值等無生命的名詞的所有格,也可以加’s構(gòu)成,如anhour’swalk、Qingdao’sparks2.以s、es結(jié)尾的名詞,一般只加’構(gòu)成,如myfriends’hometown、Teachers’Day表達(dá)幾個人共有時,只在最后一個名詞的末尾加’s或’;假如是表達(dá)分別擁有,則在每個名詞后都加’s或’。如ThiswomanisTomandJack’smother.ThesebikesareTom’sandJack’s.用of短語表達(dá)①對于無生命的東西,一般用of短語表達(dá)所有關(guān)系,如thelegsofthechair、thecoverofthebook②有生命的名詞較長或名詞有較長的定語時,常用of短語表示所有關(guān)系,如thestoryofDr.Smith、thebagofthewomanwithababyinherarms例1:——Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?——It’sabouttwentywalk.minute’sB.minutes’C.minutes例2:——JennyandJane’scomingtomyoffice.Canyouhelptofindthegirls?——Noproblem.Theywillbehere.mothersare;inamomentB.motheris;atthemomentC.mothersare;rightawayD.motheris;inamoment考點5:名詞所有格和短語時態(tài)的考察。名詞的用法1.主語:Theboyopenedthedoor.Theradiosaysthatitmaystopraininglater.表語:Class3isthewinner!ThomasEdisonwasagreatinventor.賓語:I’mtryingtodrawahorse.Itoldhimastory.定語:Wearediscussingthepopulationproblem.Thereisagirlstudentintheclassroom.AllthewomenteachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.狀語:Hesatherealongtime.賓語補足語:HenamedherJenny.Weelectedhimmonitor.與介詞連用:akindof...稱呼語:Whatareyoudoing,Jim?名詞專項練習(xí)(歷屆中考題)1.—Whydoyougetupsoearlyinthemorning,Tracy?—Igenerallymakeita_______(dá)tobeupby7toreadEnglish.A.planB.wishC.secretD.rule2.—Dothedishes,Mike,orIwilltellmum!—Mindyourown_______(dá),Sue!A.a(chǎn)ctionB.dutyC.businessD.way3.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn't___(dá)___(dá)_news.A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few4.--Whydidn’tyoutakeataxibacklastnight?--BecauseIdidn’thaveany______(dá)___withme.A.foodB.bicycleC.friendD.money5.Johnalwayssaysthathelikesapplesofallthe_____(dá)_.A.vegetablesB.fruitsC.drinks6.---Youlookworried.What’syour___(dá)?---IhavetroublelearningEnglish.A.nameB.questionC.problemD.job7.--Oh,myGod!Wehavemissedthelastbus.Whatshallwedo?--I’mafraidwehaveno______(dá)buttotakeataxi.A.choiceB.decisionC.reasonD.informat(yī)ion8.—Emma,whoareyoutaking___(dá)______ofathome?—Mygrandma,shegothurtinanaccident.?A.place

B.part

C.seat(yī)

D.care9.--HowcanIseethicksnowinmostnorthernpartsofChina?--Youhavetowaittill_____(dá)_comes,Steve.A.summerB.autumnC.winter10.Let’sgetsome______abouttourismontheInternet.A.informationB.messageC.invention11.__(dá)__(dá)_theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare___(dá)__teachers.A.Anumberof;womenB.Anumberof;womanC.Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;womanMikeandhisfriendaregoingtothe_______toseethenewactionmovietonight.

A.bookshop

??B.restaurant

C.concert

?D.cinema13.--Shallwegoshoppingnow?---Sorry.It’snottheright________(dá).I’mtootired.A.wayB.weatherC.placeD.moment14.--I’mafraidIcan’tgettherebefore9o’clock.--That’sOK.There’s____(dá)__(dá)_.A.noway??B.nowonderC.nodoubt??D.nohurry15.--Whatmakesyousoupset?--IwantedtoexplainwhyIwaslate,butMr.Whitedidn’tgivemea(n)____(dá)_.A.wayB.chanceC.idea

D.excuse16.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an_____(dá)_andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informat(yī)ionB.a(chǎn)dvice?C.idea?D.news17.Lookat(yī)theflowers!Theyareindifferent_______:red,yellow,pink…A.colors?B.sizesC.pricesD.names18.–I’dlike_____(dá)_grapesandpears.–Oh,Ionlyneed___(dá)___(dá)orangejuice.A.some;afew?B.afew;someC.a(chǎn)little;few??D.alittle;afew19.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—___(dá)_____,please.A.Rice?B.Meat?C.Wat(yī)erD.Bread20.--Youlookveryyoung,Mrs.Green.Couldyoutellmehowoldyouare?---Oh,sorry.It’sa(n)____(dá)___.A.problem?B.instructionC.secret?D.business21.Weshouldnoteat______(dá)meat.A.toomany??B.muchtooC.toomuch?D.manytooIdon’tunderstandthestorythoughthereare_______newwordsinit.A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle23.Thisisnotmydictionary.It’s______.Shelentittomethismorning.A.mysister? B.mysistersC.mysister’s D.mysistersAschoolinAnshunheldanactivitycalled“Recommend(推薦)BookstoYourTeachers”.Thestudentsmadea___(dá)___of1,0000books!A.noteB.lineC.menuD.list25.--Ifeelthirsty.Iwantsomethingtodrink.Whataboutyou?--OK.Let’sgoandbuysome___(dá)___(dá)__.A.orangeB.breadC.chocolate26.Hurryup.Thereis____(dá)_timeleft.A.alittleB.littleC.Few27.—Well,youlooksohappy!--BecauseI'vegotagood____(dá)___(dá)_.A.workB.newsC.jobD.idea28.Youcangetmuch__(dá)___abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.A.mapB.pictureC.ticketD.information29.Thecustomersarepleasedwiththe_____(dá)__(dá)_oftherestaurant.A.balanceB.experienceC.surfaceD.service30.–Lilyhasasilk_____(dá)_.Listen,sheissinginginthenextroom!--Hownice!.A.lookB.noise??C.voice31.Weneedtocomeupwitha/an____andmakeadecisionatonce.A.informationB.a(chǎn)dviceC.ideaD.news32.--Wo(hù)uldyoulikesome___?--No,thankyou.I’mnothungryatall.A.waterB.books?C.clothesD.bread33.—Whenwillthe2023Wo(hù)rldExpo(世博會)cometoaclose?—It’llcloseattheendof___(dá)_____.A.September ?B.October?C.November?D.December34.Itwasveryhardformetomakea____(dá)___(dá)butJdecidedtoleavemyjob.AsuggestionBdecisionCplanDspeech35.—Goodnews.Wewillhavea_____h(yuǎn)oliday.--I’veheardofit.Butit’scomingin____.A.threedays;threedays’time? B.threedays’;threedays’C.three-day;threedays???D.threedays;three-daytime36.—WhynotgotoQingdaoonMayDay,Jim?--I’mafraidit’snotagood________(dá).Ihavebeenthereseveraltimes.A.way B.place?C.advice?D.idea37.MrBlackgaveus__(dá)____onhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.anadvice??B.manyadvicesC.someadvice D.someadvices38.—Withwhomdidyouwatch2023WorldCupOpeningCeremony?—__(dá)___(dá)__(dá)__.A.Afriendofmine??B.AfriendofmeC.Afriendofmysister? D.Afriendofyou49.Oh,mygod!Thekidsaremakingtoomuch__(dá)___h(yuǎn)ere.Ican’tdoanything.A.soundB.voice?C.noiseD.footstep40.-Howmany_____(dá)_canyouseeinthepicture?-Onlyone.A.dogB.sheepC.childD.tree41.—What’syour?—Ilikeswimming.A.jobB.ageC.hobbyD.Number42.—Whatwouldyoulike,sir?—.A.Twopop全品中考B.TwobottlespopC.Twobottlesofpop?D.Twobottleofpop43.Ihavea___(dá)__forbreakfasteveryday.A.hotdogB.CookieC.dumplingD.hamburger44.Alow-carbon(低碳)lifestylehas____(dá)__effectonourdailylife.Peoplearepayingmoreandmoreat(yī)tentiontosaving___(dá)___thesedays.A.the,energiesB.a,energyC.an,energy45.—Whatafineday!Shallwegohiking,Bob?--I’dloveto.Butis’snottheright___(dá)_____(dá).Iambusynow.A.place ?B.moment?C.weather46.Ifyouworkhard,you’llgetgood___(dá)_____.A.grades?B.notes C.lessonsD.answers47.—Lucy,doyoulike____(dá)_?-Yes.Mostofmyclothesare____(dá)__.A.anorangeanorange B.orange,orangeC.oranges,oranges??D.orange,anorangeMr.LiregardsNingxiaashissecond_____(dá)__becausehehasbeenhereforovertwentyyears.A.familyB.houseC.roomD.home49.I'mnotsureaboutthemeaningoftheword.You'dbetterlookitupina____.A.letterB.dictionaryC.postcardD.Notice50.--What’sthenewsabout?--_______(dá)entertainmentstarsgatheredtoattactdonationsforYushu.A.Amemberof B.AkindofC.Apacketof?D.Anumberof51.What(yī)apity!LiuXiangdidn’twinthe___(dá)__hurdles(跨欄).A.110-meter? B.110-metersC.110meter??D.110meters52.WhenI(lǐng)wasastudent,Ilikedtositinthefrontoftheclassroomsothat(yī)Icouldseethewordsmoreclearlyonthe_____(dá)_

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