初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)詳細(xì)講解及其練習(xí)

初中英語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)詳細(xì)講解及其練習(xí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，主要有兩個(gè)含義：①表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語有manytimes，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，sofar,bynow等。IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.我已經(jīng)看過這部電視劇了。（現(xiàn)在我對(duì)它不感興趣了）——Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet——No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.（我很著急）②表示動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將持續(xù)下去。用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常常與sofar、for或者since短語連用。since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句，for+時(shí)間段，如fortwomonths等。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都能表示過去發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，并且表示這一動(dòng)作已完成或還可能繼續(xù)下去；2）而一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系，僅表示過去的動(dòng)作，且這一動(dòng)作到說話時(shí)已終止。因此現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與表示明確的過去時(shí)間如：in1949，yesterday，lastweek等的狀語連用，并且用when或where對(duì)這些時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語提問時(shí)，一般只用一般過去時(shí)。三、在“itisfirst/second...timethat...。”或在“it/this/thatisthe+最高級(jí)+名詞+that...。”結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；在“it+be...+since從句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，be可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since從句一般用過去時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來表述。歸納總結(jié):由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換arrive→beheredie→bedeadbegin(start)→beoncomeback→bebackfallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)leave→beawaygetup→beupfinish→beoveropen→beopenclose→beclosedborrow→keepbeon→bein或beamemberof…gotoschool→beastudentbuy→havecatch(acold)→have(acold)begintostudy→studygettoknow→knowcometowork→work等如：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他參軍三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父親去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。注意事項(xiàng)（1）havebeen(to)與havegone(to)的區(qū)別：havebeen(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；havegone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once,never,severaltimes等連用，后者則不能。HehasbeentoBeijing.他去過北京（已經(jīng)回來了）HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。（還沒有回來）have/hasbeenin待在某地如：TheyhavebeeninBeijing.他們呆在北京。（2）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題一選擇填空。()2.Herfather______in1990andherhusband______formorethanfiveyears.(A)died,dead(B)hasdied,dead(C)died,hasbeendead(D)hasdied,hasdied()3.Ihave_____thisnicewatchfortwoyears.(A)had(B)bought(C)borrowed(D)lend()4.He_____hishomefortenyears.(A)hasleft(B)leftfrom(C)hasbeenawayfrom(D)wasawayfrom()5.He_____aleaguememberforthreeyears(A)is(B)hasbeen(C)hasbecome(D)havebecome()6.Lihua'sbrotherhas_______fortwoyears(A)joinedthearmy(C)becomeasoldier(B)beenanarmy(D)beeninthearmy()7.Hehasn't_____Quanzhoueversinceheleftschool(A)left(B)beenaway(C)been(D)away()8.——Haveyou__________learnedEnglish——Yes,I've________learnedalot.(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)ever,already(D)already.ever()9.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework________——Yes,I've_____donethat.(A)yet,already(B)already,yet(C)ever,never(D)still,just()10.John'sfather_______borrowedsomepictures(A)hasjust(B)haveever(C)hasyet(D)havealready二選擇填空()1.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Yes,I＿itlastnight(A)finish(B)finished(C)havefinished(D)willfinish()2.——＿_(dá)youever_______toNanjing——Yes,I______therelastyear.(A)Have…gone,havegone(B)Did…go,went(C)Have…been,went(D)Did…go,has,been)()3.——When_______you________LucyinNewYork——I_________herfortwoyears(A)did…meet,haven'tseen(B)did…meet,don'tsee(C)have…met,haven'tseen()4.He______finishedhishomeworkyet.(A)didn’t(B)haven’t(C)hasn’t(D)doesn’thave()5.——Haveyou________traveledtoQuanzhou——Yes,Ihave.(A)just(B)yetC)never(D)ever()6..——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Not__________(A)ever(B)already.(C)yet(D)just.()7Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework，_____.(A)already((B)ever(C)yet(D)never三用since和for填空（一）1)______twoyears_______twoyearsago2)_______lastmonth3)_______yesterday4)_______anhourago5)______shelefthere6)_______4o’clock8)______19999)______4hours10)_____lunchtime（二）1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.四單項(xiàng)選擇題()1.Mymotherhasworkedinthisfactory_____2years.（A）about((B)for(C)in(D)since（)2.Hisfatherjoinedtheparty_________(A)sincethreeyearsago(B)intwoyears'time(C)forthreeyears(D)threeyearsago3.Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,________A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey4.WecametoNanjingthreeyearsago,sowe________hereforthreeyears.A.havebeentoB.havebeeninC.havebeenD.havegone5.-Howlong______you_______yourdictionary-Abouttwomonths.A.did;buyB.have;getC.have;hadD.have;bought6.Hetellsmehe________Chinaforoverfiveyears.A.hasbeenB.hasbeeninC.hasbeentoD.hasgonetoChina7.________hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehe_______toNanjingA.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived8.Hisuncle________formorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtowor