初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞j講解

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞j講解介詞1.是一種用來(lái)表示:詞與詞,:詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。

2.在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分介詞后面一般有:名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞的含義ondownunderupbelowoverabovebewteen什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？1.Lookat

me.()2.Hegoestoschoolby

bike.()3.Heisinterestedin

drawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代詞名詞

動(dòng)名詞介詞:通常用在_________、_______、_______

之前，表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與另一個(gè)之間的_________。名詞代詞名詞動(dòng)名詞關(guān)系介詞的主要分類(lèi)：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________地點(diǎn)介詞方式介詞時(shí)間介詞固定搭配一.時(shí)間介詞1.in年、月、季節(jié)及時(shí)間段（早、午、晚）on具體某一天，星期、節(jié)日at鐘點(diǎn)、節(jié)日、（一段時(shí)間）的起點(diǎn)注意：atnoon

在中午

atnight

在夜間

inthemorning

在早上

onthemorningofJuly1st

在七月一日的早上

onarainyday

在雨天.地點(diǎn)介詞At:表示小地方用In:表示大地方用一.地點(diǎn)介詞1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet..______________________2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,

inspace…

_______________________3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor…_________________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具體不同的介詞填上正確的地點(diǎn)介詞：1.在廣州_______Guangzhou2.在電影院_______thecinema3.在湖邊_______thelake4.在海里_______thesea5.樹(shù)上的蘋(píng)果apples______thetree6.書(shū)上的小鳥(niǎo)birds______thetree7.在天空上______thesky8.在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上________thefarm19.在街道上________thestreetinatatinonininonin表示大地方用in方式介詞使用工具用介詞with使用器官用介詞with使用語(yǔ)言用介詞in使用聲音用介詞in使用方法用介詞in或by二.方式介詞1.writewith

apen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock…____________________2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths…____________________3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,

inthreelanguage…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…___________________5.inthisway,bythismeans…___________________使用工具用介詞with使用器官用介詞with使用語(yǔ)言用介詞in使用聲音用介詞in使用方法用介詞in或by6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陸路，bysea水路，byair空運(yùn)

_________________

但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…7.①Shanghailies___theeastofChina.()②Japanlies_____theeastofChina.()③Hubeilies_____thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite…__________________9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在陽(yáng)光下）

underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）使用交通工具用byintoon在中國(guó)內(nèi)部在中國(guó)外部?jī)傻亟尤辣硎敬┮路胕n固定搭配()三.時(shí)間介詞1.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night…________________2.onSunday,onNewYear’sDay,onMarch21st,

onmybirthday…_________________3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998…_____________________4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_____________________

但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_________heday=inthe________表示點(diǎn)鐘或具體一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at表示在某一天用on表示大于一天的時(shí)間用in在早上/下午/傍晚用inintheday-time1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis___themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn__aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetravelledovernighttoParisandarrived__5o’clock__themorning.A.on,inB.at,inC.at,in4.Wefinishourlessons___11:30andthenhavearest__noon.A.in,inB.at,atC.in,at2.

in+時(shí)間段

在……之后（內(nèi)），多用于將來(lái)時(shí)

after+時(shí)間段

在……之后，

多用于過(guò)去時(shí)

1.MrBrownhasgonetowillbeback___twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in2.Ourmanagercameback___anhour.A.inB.afterC.at

3.for+時(shí)段

since+

時(shí)段+ago

since+

時(shí)間點(diǎn)

since+

一般過(guò)去時(shí)句子常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.Hecamehere__1992,andhehaslivedhere___1992.A.in,forB.in,sinceC.since,since2.IhaveknownLiLei__overfiveyears.A.inB.sinceC.for3.Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehe__here.A.comeB.cameC.comes4.Theoldmanhasbeenaway___twoyearsago.A.inB.sinceC.for4.

before

在……之前

by

到……時(shí)為止,不遲于……1.Hewon’tcomeback___five.B.after2.Theworkmustbefinished__Friday.

3.Wehadthreemeetings___lastFriday.C.by2.above

在……上方

below

在……下方,是above的反義詞1.Thetemperaturewillfall__zeroatnight.

2.Suddenlythereisaloudvoice___thetree.

3.Thereisaclockonthewall.It’s___theblackboard.

二.地點(diǎn)介詞1.on在……的上面,與表面接觸over在……的正上方,不接觸表面under在……下面(是on,over的反義詞)1.Look!Thereisabridge__theriver.B.over2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate

3.Thelight__usisverybright.

4.Aroadis___ourcityandthereismuchtraffic___it.A.on,over,on,on5.Thesunrose___thehorizon(地平線).A.onB.above

注意:on

接觸平面

over

在平面的正上方

above

在上方3.in+大地方

at+小地方

on+門(mén)牌，某層樓1.Myunclelive___F12__thefifthfloor.,onB.in,on,at2.Theyarrived___Beijingat12:00andwaitedforabus___thestationtothehotel.,inB.in,onC.in,at表示"在……上"時(shí)，不是都用"on"，有時(shí)須用in。在樹(shù)上inthetree用于指樹(shù)上的鳥(niǎo)、人等。onthetree用于指生長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上的葉子、果實(shí)。在墻上inthewall鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)，指窗戶、門(mén)、釘子等。onthewall在墻的表面之上，指地圖、畫(huà)像等。在報(bào)紙上inthenewspaper用于指報(bào)上的內(nèi)容。onthenewspaper用于指放在報(bào)紙上的東西，如眼鏡等。in,on2.in里面，排、行、組on左、右邊at前、后部1.Weare___Teamsit__thefrontofthePingis___myleft.,in,at,in,at,at,on2.Ihaveagoodseat.Isit__thebus.thefrontoffrontof3.Theteacherisstanding___ourclassandgiveatalk.thefrontoffrontof3.to

表目的地或去的目的

for

動(dòng)身去某地

1.Hegotonatrain___Shanghai.B.forC.towards2.Wilyoutakeatrain___Tianjian.A.toB.for3.I’mleaving____Beijingnextweek.A.toB.forC.towards1.in

在某范圍之內(nèi)

to

在某范圍之內(nèi)

on

與某地相鄰、接壤

1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to三.方位介詞4.cross

表面穿過(guò)

through

中間穿過(guò)

1.Thesunshinecomeintotheroom___thewindow.A.acrossB.throughC.past2.Youcango___theroadhere.A.acrossB.throughC.past3.Canyouswim____theriver.A.acrossB.throughC.past常用易混淆介詞辨析after/in皆可表示時(shí)間在……之后，其區(qū)別為：

after①.表示“在某點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.

②.表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.

in表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.between/among1)between多指兩者之間。如：What'sthedifferencebetweenthetwowords2)among指三者或三者以上的同類(lèi)事物之間，在或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中間，在……之中”。如：Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.注意：我們可以說(shuō)betweenyouandme，但不能說(shuō)betweenyouandI，因?yàn)閎etween是介詞。3)between還可以用來(lái)指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間。三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的名詞用and連接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_______France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.betweenbesides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang（除……之外，還有）全部計(jì)算在內(nèi)WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.（除……之外，不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）—Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothecinema___Kangkang,why—Becausehehadabadcold.A．ExceptB．besidesC．BesideD．without【解析】except“除……之外”，排除……在外的意思；besides“除……之外”，包含……在內(nèi)；beside“在…旁邊”；without“沒(méi)有”。根據(jù)題意可知用except，故選A。over表示與某物不接觸的“正上方”，under與其相對(duì)，表示“正下方”。Theskyisoverourheads.天空在我們頭頂上。Thecatisunderthetable.那只貓?jiān)谧雷拥紫?。above表示“在……的上方”，“高于”；below與其相對(duì)，表示“在…的下面”，“低于”。Thetemperaturewillstayabovezerointhedaytime，butatnightitwillfallbelowzero持在零度以上，但在晚上又將降到零度以下。on指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.他們把一些花放在講桌上。over,above,on1.cross作動(dòng)詞用，“穿過(guò)，越過(guò)”的意思。主要表示在物體表面上橫穿。如橫過(guò)馬路、過(guò)橋、過(guò)河等，與goacross同義。cross作名詞用是“十字架，十字形飾物”的意思。2.across是介詞，有“橫跨，橫穿，穿越”之意。across與go/walk等動(dòng)詞連用表示“穿過(guò)，越過(guò)，橫穿”的意思。與cross基本同義，也是表示從物體表面經(jīng)過(guò)。

cross，across,through是介詞，“在...之中，透過(guò)”的意思，常與go,walk等動(dòng)詞連用，主要表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)。如穿過(guò)森林、隧洞等1.Wemust________theroadverycarefully.2.Beforegoing_________theroad,youshouldlookleftfirstandthenright.3.Itrytogetintotheroom________thewindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.4.Theydrove_______thestreetquickly,butthepolicecaughtthematlast.5.It’sdangeroustoswim________theriver.6.Go_________thebridgeandyouwillseethestation.crossacrossacrossacrossacrossthroughinfrontof

表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；inthefrontof

表示“在……的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.在樓前有一些高樹(shù)。Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老師坐在教室前面

infrontof,inthefrontofabove\over\on\below\underaboveoverbelowunderonBecareful,thereisaheavybox______yourhead.Thesunis_____themountainintheeast.Therearesomestamps_______thedesk.Thepositionhepointedtowas_______thesealevel.Thelittlemouseis_____thetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.overaboveonabove\belowunder表示“延續(xù)的一段時(shí)間”時(shí)，可用“for＋時(shí)間段”或“since＋過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，常與含延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)連用。

—Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity

你在這座城市待了多久了？

—Fortenyears.十年。

MrSmithhaslivedheresince1998.

史密斯先生自從1998年就住在這。since,for單詞拼寫(xiě):1.Thereare____(超過(guò))sixtystudentsinourclass.2.Fishcan’tlive__________(沒(méi)有)water.3.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime_________(自從…)wemetlasttime.4.Doyouworryabout__________(他們)5.Who’s______(值日)dutytoday6.Haveyoupaid______(付款)thebook7.Pleaseturn_______(關(guān)掉)thelights.8.It’sbadforyourhealthtogotoschool___________(不吃)breakfast.overwithoutsincethemonforoffwithout1.Weusuallyhavelunch______noon.2.LinTaowasborn______February18th.3.Annsits_____myright,______Kate'sleft.Shesits___________us.4.Myfatherisleaving______Suzhoutomorrow.5.Wemustlearn_______eachother.atonononbetweenforfrom用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空6.Theywent_________thegateandenteredthegarden.7.Wecandoallthings_______ourhands.______theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_____theothers.9.Bekind_____people.Don'tshout_____people.10.Lastmonthheworked_____ateacher_____threeweeks.throughwithAtwithtoatasfor1.Hisfatherisveryangry_________him

hisstudy.A.at，with，at，about，to2.Paperismade_________wood.

3.Thebasketisfull_________apples.

4.Katecan'tcome.Let'saskweiHuainstead______her.

5.Theheavyrainstoppedme___gettingtoschoolontime.A.toBABAB6.LiLida'sparentsareveryproud_________theirson.

7.Thefoxlookedup_________acocksittingthetree.A.to，inB.at,inC.for，on，on8.Pleasewait_________thebusstopnearmyhome.D.infront9.Whereisyourbikemade_________C.ofD./10.Whentheredlightison，it'sdangeroustogo_____thestreet.C.crossD.toDBBDA11.Heisrich_____unhappy.

12.Takearest______youfinishthework.

13.Youcan'tpasstheexam,______youstudyhard.

14.______ourteamtriedbest,____wefailed.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.If,andD.Though,/15.Don'tgetoff_______thebusstops.

DBDCC16.Thereisagoodplay______TVthisevening.A.onB.byC.in17.Howfarisit____Guangzhou____BeijingA.from…toB.from…forC.away…to18.Japanlies_____theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.on19.Mr.BrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___towweeks.A.forB.afterC.in20.A:WhattimedidyougettherethismorningB:____eight.A.InB.AtC.On21.Weallagree_____you.Let’sstartatonce.A.toB.forC.withAAACBC22.Myauntarrivedhere____awarmspringmorning.

A.inB.atC.on23.A:Whendidyourunclearrive______ChinaB:HegottoGuangzhou_____themorningofthe16thofApril.A.in,onB.in,inC.at,on24.Hawaiiisfamous_____itsbeautifulbeaches.A.inB.forC.with25.Wemuststopchildrenfrom______withfire.A.playB.playedC.playingCABC26.Look,Tinaiswaiting________thebusstop.

A．forB．a(chǎn)tC．inD．To

27.Whatwouldyouliketodo_____suchabadboy

A．withB．onC．a(chǎn)tD．in

28.Theyoungmanwalked_____theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.

A．onB．overC．throughD．a(chǎn)cross

29.Thefood__mycountryisquitedifferent__thathere.

A．in;likeB．to;fromC．from;toD．in;from

30.Taiwanisabeautifulislandandit's____theeastofFujian.

A．inB．onC．to

BACDC31.—Itissaidthatanewzoowillbebuiltinourtown.

—I'm____it.Zoosareterribleforanimals.

A．throughB．besidesC．a(chǎn)gainstD．except

32.—Whenwillthepartybeheld

—_____twoweeks'time,____15thJuly.

A.In;onB.In;inC.On;onD.At;on

33.LinLinoftenpracticesEnglish____chattingwithherAmericanfriend.

A.inB.byC.forD.with

34.Youlooktired._____workingindoorsyoushouldbeoutforawalk.

A.AheadofB.Insteadof