2023屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題三閱讀理解第四講主旨大意題課時(shí)作業(yè)

主旨大意題A(2023·長(zhǎng)春監(jiān)測(cè))LifeintheInternetageislonely—orisit?That’swhatexpertsinhumaninteractionaredebatingafteranewStanfordAccordingtothestudy,themoretimepeoplespendonline,thelesstheycanspareforreal-liferelationshipswithfamilyandfriends.Theresearchersasked113peopleabouttheWeb’sinfluenceondailyactivities.36%ofthosepeopleareonlineformorethanfivehoursaweek.“AsInternetusebecomesmorewidespread,itwillhaveanincreasinglyisolating(孤立的)effectonsociety，〞saysRobertKraut,oneoftheresearchers.ScholarsandWebloverscriticizedthestudyforstretchingitsdatatomakethe“isolating〞point.While13%ofregularWebusersadmittedthelossoftimewithlovedones，60%reportedwatchinglessTV.Thesurveyalsoshowsthate-mailisthemostpopularonlineactivity.Ifsomeofwebheads(網(wǎng)蟲(chóng))spendwhatwasoncepassiveTVtimekeepingcompanywithfriendsviae-mails,“that’samovetowardgreaterconnectedness，〞saysPaulResnick，aprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan.Thisisn’tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbecriticized.A1998reportmonitored73Pittsburgh-areafamilies’Internetuseforayear.PeoplewhousedtheInternetmore“talkedlesstofamilymembersandreportedbeinglonelierandmoredepressed，〞saysRobertKraut.“It’struethattherehavebeenbigdeclinesinsocialconnectednessoverthepastdecades,butthosedeclinesbeganbeforetheInternetwasinvented，〞saysThomasPutnam.AsAmitayEtzionisays,theInternetgivesusadifferentkindofsociallife—notbetterorworsethanbefore,butjustdifferent.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)孤立以及來(lái)自社會(huì)各界的討論。1．WhoclaimedthattheWebhadnegativeinfluence?A．RobertKraut. B．PaulResnick.C．ThomasPutnam. D．AmitayEtzioni.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“AsInternetusebecomesmorewidespread,itwillhaveanincreasinglyisolating(孤立的)effectonsociety，〞saysRobertKraut,oneoftheresearchers.可知，羅伯特·克勞特認(rèn)為隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用越來(lái)越廣泛，網(wǎng)絡(luò)會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)孤立效應(yīng)。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。2．Theunderlinedword“This〞inPara.4refersto________．A．thestudyconductedbyStanfordB．thesurveymadebytheUniversityC．theconclusioninareportwrittenin1998D．theopinionexpressedinBowlingAloneA解析：詞義猜想題。畫線詞所在句句意為：這不是第一次有人稱網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)該受到批評(píng)。這仍然是羅伯特·克勞特的觀點(diǎn)，也就是斯坦福大學(xué)開(kāi)展的調(diào)查研究的結(jié)果。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。3．Fromthepassagewelearnthat________．A．watchingTVusedtotaketimeawayfromstayingonlineB．36%ofWebusersspendmorethanfivehoursaweekonlineC．theWebwasblamedmorethanonceforcausinganisolatingeffectD．theWebhasthesameinfluenceasthetelephoneandthetelevisionC解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句Thisisn’tthefirstclaimthattheWebshouldbecriticized.可知，因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)使人們之間的聯(lián)系減少，不止一次有人對(duì)此進(jìn)行譴責(zé)。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。4．Thepassagemainlydiscusses________．A．howwecanmakeabetteruseoftheInternetB．whethertheInternetcausesanisolatingeffectC．howdeclinesinsocialconnectednessappearD．whatadifferentlifetheInternetbringstousB解析：主旨大意題。文章以一項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究入題，進(jìn)行了關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)孤立效應(yīng)的討論。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。B(2023·廣東佛山檢測(cè))Thetimesarechanging.OnThursdayOctober13th,singer-songwriterBobDylanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature,markingthefirsttimethehighly-eyed-onliteraryawardhasgonetosomeonewhoismainlyseenasamusician,andgivingrisetoheateddiscussions.The75-year-oldwontheprize“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition〞，theSwedishAcademysaid.“For54yearshehasbeenatit,reinventinghimself，〞saidSaraDanius,theacademy’spermanentsecretary.“BobDylanwritespoetryfortheear.Butit’sperfectlyfinetoreadhisworksaspoetry.〞AndwhilemanyDylan’sfanshavefoundgreatdelightatthenews,othersonlineandintheliterarycommunityare__cross__withtheCommittee,sayingtheawardhasskippedoverfictionwritersforthesecondyear.NewYorkTimesBookRevieweditorPamelaPaulsaiditwasgoodnewsbutpointedouthowmany“deserving〞noveliststhereare.DirectorMartinScorseseputoutastatementsayinghewas“overjoyed〞thatDylanwasawardedtheprize.“Dylan’spoetry,hismusicalgenius,hasmeantsomuchtomepersonallyandtogenerationsofpeoplearoundtheworld，〞Scorsesesaid.“Hisworkhasinfluencedandshapedculture,andhehasneverstoppedexploringandgrowingasanartist.TheNobelCommitteehasgivenDylanaformofrecognitionthatfitshisroleinourculture—inworldculture.〞DylanwonaPulitzerPrizein2023forhis“greatinfluenceonpopularmusicandAmericanculture〞.He’sthefirstAmericantowintheliteraryNobelsinceToniMorrisonin1993.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]作為一名歌手，鮑勃·迪倫獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的消息讓很多人大感意外，從而引發(fā)熱議。5．WhydoesBobDylan’swinningtheNobelPrizecauseheateddiscussions?A．Hecreatedpoeticexpressions.B．Heisknownasamusician.C．Hereinventshimself.D．Heis75yearsold.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的markingthefirsttimethehighly-eyed-onliteraryawardhasgonetosomeonewhoismainlyseenasamusician可知，正是因?yàn)轷U勃·迪倫是一位歌手，所以獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)才引發(fā)熱議。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。6．WhichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpartinParagraph4?A．Arethankfulto. B．Aresatisfiedwith.C．Areangrywith. D．Areworriedabout.C解析：詞義猜想題。第四段開(kāi)頭的AndwhilemanyDylan’sfanshavefoundgreatdelightatthenews中while表示“盡管〞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，所以后面的othersonlineandintheliterarycommunityare__cross__withtheCommittee中的arecrosswith與foundgreatdelight意思應(yīng)該相反。再根據(jù)最后的sayingtheawardhasskippedoverfictionwritersforthesecondyear可判斷，arecrosswith應(yīng)表示“對(duì)……生氣〞，而不是D項(xiàng)中的“擔(dān)憂……〞。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。7．WhatcanweknowaboutDylanaccordingtoMartinScorsese?A．DylaninfluencesMartinalot.B．Dylanishappywiththeaward.C．Dylanisapoetratherthanamusician.D．Dylanbenefitsalotfromworldculture.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Dylan’spoetry,hismusicalgenius,hasmeantsomuchtomepersonallyandtogenerationsofpeoplearoundtheworld可知，鮑勃·迪倫對(duì)他影響很大。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．AbriefintroductiontoBobDylan.B．ThereasonforBobDylan’ssuccess.C．BobDylan’sinfluenceonAmericanculture.D．DifferentviewsonBobDylan’swinningtheNobelPrize.D解析：主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭就點(diǎn)明了鮑勃·迪倫獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)引起了熱議，接著說(shuō)明了不同的人對(duì)此事的不同態(tài)度。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。C(2023·江西名校聯(lián)盟檢測(cè))BiologistRobertPitmanandhiscolleaguestrackedorcas，orkillerwhales,andhumpbackwhalesoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Toresearchfurther,thescientistsattachedatrackertoafemaleorca,whichallowedthemtousesatellitestomonitorhermovements.Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyounghumpbackwhales.Duringthesevenattacks,theorcakilledthehumpbackwhalecalf(幼獸)onthreeoccasions.Butthestorydoesn’tendthere.Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughttobelargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitman’sstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinkotherwise.Whenchasedbyorcas,humpbackwhalesareknowntotrytooutswimorcas.Theyarethoughttodothisathighspeedsothattheorcascan’tkeepup.Onsomeoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessoughtoutprotection.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenundertheresearchers’boats.Thesewaysoftenreducedtheattack.Butatothertimes,thehumpbackwhalesdecidedtostayandfight.Astheorcasapproached,themotherhumpbackwouldsometimesmovehercalftoherside,orliftitoutofthewaterusingherheadorflippers.Shealsoblewhugebreathsofairtodisturbtheorcas,andlungedorchargedatthem,slashing(劈)andslappinghertailandflippers.Perhapsmostsurprisingly,humpbackwhalesalsohaveadultescorts(護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì))thattrytoprotectcalvesthatarenottheirown,joiningthemotherindefendingthesmallerwhale.Theseescortwhaleseitherchargedattheorcas,orplacedthemselvesbetweentheattackersandcalves,slashingtheirtailsandflippers.Despitetheeffortsofthemotherwhalesandescorts,theorcasweremoreoftenthannotsuccessfulintheirattacks.Butthepresenceoftheescortsdidreducehowmanytimesawhalecalfwaskilled.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是科學(xué)家使用科學(xué)儀器來(lái)觀察殺人鯨是如何追殺駝背鯨及后者是如何還擊和保護(hù)幼小的駝背鯨的。9．What’sthepurposeofthescientists’furtherresearch?A．Tokeeparecordofwhales’livinghabits.B．Toobserveorcas’huntinghumpbackwhales.C．Toseewhatlife-or-deathbattleswhalesmayface.D．Tofindoutthetechniquesorcasusewhenhunting.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Toresearchfurther...tousesatellitestomonitorhermovements.Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyounghumpbackwhales.〞可知，科學(xué)家進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步研究的目的是觀察殺人鯨追殺駝背鯨的活動(dòng)。應(yīng)選B。10．Whydidthehumpbackwhalesswimtoshallowwater?A．Toavoidbeingattacked.B．Tohuntforfood.C．Toprotecttheiryoung.D．Totrickthechasers.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Onsomeoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessoughtoutprotection.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenundertheresearchers’boats.〞可知，駝背鯨游至淺水區(qū)是出于自身的平安考慮，為了防止被攻擊。應(yīng)選A。11．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A．Whyhumpbackwhalesfallvictimtoorcas.B．Howhumpbackwhalesprotecttheircalves.C．Thegreatmotherloveofhumpbackwhales.D．Smallerhumpbackwhales’waysofsurviving.B解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講的是在面對(duì)殺人鯨的攻擊時(shí)，駝背鯨是如何進(jìn)行還擊來(lái)保護(hù)自己的幼崽的。故B項(xiàng)最能概括本段的主旨要義。12．WhatdoesPitman’sstudyfind?A．Orcasaresuccessfulintheirattacks.B．It’snoteasyfororcastoobtainfood.C．Humpbackwhalesswimfasterthanorcas.D．Humpbackwhalescouldbeactiveanimals.D解析：推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughttobelargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitman’sstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinkotherwise.〞可知，駝背鯨一般被認(rèn)為是大型的、通常被動(dòng)的生物，Pitman的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)讓人不這么認(rèn)為。下文接著講了面對(duì)殺人鯨的攻擊時(shí)，駝背鯨所采取的一些應(yīng)對(duì)方式，其中包含積極迎擊。應(yīng)選D。專題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練16主旨大意題——標(biāo)題歸納類[學(xué)生用書P107(單獨(dú)成冊(cè))]A(2023·江西師大附中、臨川一中聯(lián)考)“Myneighbordoesn’tspeakEnglish,butherkindnessneedsnotranslation.〞AngieMorris,an81-year-oldCanadianwomanwhogrewupinwartimeBritainandnowlivesinVancouver,BritishColumbia,wasdescribinghowhernext-doorneighbor,Ms.Wing,a68-year-oldChinesewoman,voluntarilycooksmealsforhereveryday.Shecalledit“theultimatehome-deliveryservice〞．Morris’smoving,first-personnarrativewhichwaspublishedlastweekbytheCanadiannewspaperTheGlobeandMail,hasgonepopular，withmorethan24，000onlinereposts.“Iknowwhatisinsidethepapercarrierbag，〞shewrote.“Athermoswithhotsoupandastainless-steelcontainerwithamealofrice,vegetablesandeitherchicken,meatorshrimp，sometimeswithakindofpancake.Thishasbecomeanalmostdailyoccurrence.〞WingstartedheractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorrishadtoundergoheartsurgery.Shetookituponherselftobeginfeedingherneighbor,eventhoughthetwowomenhavenowayofcommunicatingverbally.WingspeaksonlyMandarin,andMorris’sMandarinislimitedtonihao(hello)．“Sohereweare,twograndmothersaworldawayfromwherewewereraised,neitherofusabletospeaktheother’slanguage,butcommunicatingonewayoranother(withsomehelpfromtechnology).Thedoorbellkeepsringingandthereisthefamiliarbrownpapercarrierbag,handedsmilinglytomebyWing，〞Morriswrote.Readersandnetizensaroundtheworldhavebeentouchedbythisrelationshipthatcrossesnationalboundariesandfocusesonhumankindness.“Youknowthatmostpeopleinthisworldjustwanttoliveagoodlife，〞onereadercommented.“IcomefromoldIreland,soIcantellyouathingortwoaboutconflict.Thepointis,mostpeopleareverygoodwithbigheartsandwanttheirchildrentogrowupsafeandinplaceslikethiscountrycanoffer.〞[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]互為鄰居的兩位老人溫女士與安吉·莫里斯雖然語(yǔ)言不通無(wú)法交流，但溫女士在得知莫里斯要做手術(shù)的消息后，主動(dòng)為其做飯。她的善舉感動(dòng)了很多讀者和網(wǎng)友。1．WhydidMs.WingcookmealsforMorris?A．Morrishadsomehealthproblems.B．Wingwasanexpertcook.C．Ms.Winghadnothingelsetodo.D．Theywereraisedinthesameplace.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句WingstartedheractofkindnesswhenshelearnedthatMorrishadtoundergoheartsurgery.可知，溫女士因?yàn)橹滥锼挂鍪中g(shù)，所以做飯給她吃。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。2．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMs.Wing?A．Kind-hearted. B．Sensitive.C．Communicative. D．Arrogant.A解析：推理判斷題。通讀文章可知，溫女士一直自愿為鄰居做飯，所以推斷她是一位善良、熱心的女士，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。sensitive意為“敏感的〞；communicative意為“愛(ài)說(shuō)話的，好社交的〞；arrogant意為“傲慢的；自大的〞。3．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Mostpeopleinthisworldarehavingagoodlife.B．Peoplefromdifferentcountrieseasilyhaveconflicts.C．OldIrelandisaplacewherechildrencangrowupsafe.D．PeopleareimpressedandmovedbyMs.Wing’sbehavior.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段以及第八段網(wǎng)友的留言可知，很多讀者和網(wǎng)友都被溫女士的善舉所感動(dòng)，感受到了跨越國(guó)界和語(yǔ)言的人性之善。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．AVoluntaryCook.B．ServingYourNeighbor.C．KindnessBeyondLanguage.D．NutritiousMeals.C解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要講述一位來(lái)自中國(guó)的溫女士雖與鄰居莫里斯言語(yǔ)不通，但是得知莫里斯要做手術(shù)的消息后，一直自愿為她做飯，這一超越語(yǔ)言和國(guó)界的善舉感動(dòng)了很多讀者和網(wǎng)友。由此可知，C項(xiàng)最適合用作文章標(biāo)題。B(2023·河北衡水中學(xué)高三大聯(lián)考)ScientistsinBritainhavemanagedtoteachbumblebees(大黃蜂)topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony(群體)—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitetheirtinybrains.ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments,oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes(猿)andbirds,showedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask，andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggestingtheabilityfor“culturespread〞—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeexclusivetohumans.Intheresearch,publishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday,thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet.Thestringswereattachedtodiscs—orartificial“flowers〞—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscreen.Thebees,spottingthefoodbeneaththescreen,learnedtopullthe“flowers〞outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogettoit.Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechancetosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining,onlytwoof110weresuccessful.Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings,and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally,trainedbeeswereputincolonies,andthescientistsfoundthetechniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony’sworkerbees.LarsChittka,aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhoguidedtheproject,saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.[解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)]本文介紹了大黃蜂經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練可以習(xí)得某種技能，還會(huì)傳播自己所學(xué)的技能。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exclusive〞inParagraph3probablymean?A．Ordinary. B．Unique.C．Beneficial. D．Widespread.B解析：詞義猜想題。第二段中提出，不僅猿和鳥(niǎo)類有學(xué)習(xí)和傳播知識(shí)的能力，一些昆蟲(chóng)也有這樣的能力。第二段和第三段中的關(guān)鍵詞also和addtotheevidence提示，這種能力并非人類獨(dú)有的。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。6．Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutbees?A．Beeslearnbestininsects.B．Beesareascleverasbirds.C．Beesareborngoodlearners.D．Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)大黃蜂經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練可以學(xué)會(huì)技能。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。7．Whatmaytheresearchteamfocusonnext?A．Whatelsebeescando.B．Wherebeeslearnskills.C．Howbeesteachothers.D．Howbees’brainswork.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句．..theteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.可知，科研團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)大黃蜂學(xué)習(xí)和傳播技能的大腦思考過(guò)程很感興趣，因此，接下來(lái)他們應(yīng)該會(huì)研究大黃蜂大腦的工作原理。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。8．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．SmallBees,GreatAbilitiesB．BeesCanLearnandTeachC．BeesAreSmarterD．LetBeesLearnB解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。綜合全文尤其第一段可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即大黃蜂經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練可以學(xué)習(xí)并傳播所學(xué)技能，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。C(2023·安徽百所重點(diǎn)高三二模)Ihadthehonourofbeingelectedchiefofmytribe(部落)．Withthetitlecamegreatresponsibility.ItwasmyjobtomakepeacewiththeMaoriTamakitribe,whosevillagewevisited.Theirsoldiersjumpedfromacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying,stickingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroundand,ashead,Iwasforcedtoacceptthispeaceofferingbypickingitup,thentouchingnoseswiththeirchief.“Kiaora，〞hesaid,welcomingusintothewoodlandhomeofhispeople.My“tribe〞wasmyNewZealandcoachtourgroup,whohadforcedmeintobeingtheirleader.We’dbeenwarnedthattheceremonywasaseriousoccasionandthattolaughorevensmilewouldbeconsideredrudetotheTamaki.Afterthatitwasnon-stopfunastheydemonstratedtheirancientcustomsandIreceivedinstructioninperformingthehaka,thewardanceimmortalized(使不朽)bytheAllBlacksrugbyteam.Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb,beefandvegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeenslow-cookedintheheatjustbelowthesurfaceinthegeothermal(地?zé)岬?areaofNorthIsland,aMaoritraditionknownasahangithatgoesbackanextremelylongperiodoftime.Obviously,thisformofitisputonfortouristsbutitwashugelyenjoyable.Thejourneybacktothehotelwasalo