高一英語《新概念英語第二冊》語法精粹(含習題) 主謂一致

新概念英語第二冊》語法精粹三、主謂一致Agreement知識要點：在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，則要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語形式就能判定，但有的則要看整句的意思，及強調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Thebookisonthetable.HeisreadingEnglish.Toworkhardisnecessary.(Itisnecessarytoworkhard.)Howyougetthereisaproblem.2、復數(shù)主語跟復數(shù)動詞。如：Childrenliketoplaytoys.3、在倒裝句中，動詞的數(shù)應和它后面的主語的數(shù)一致。如以here,there開頭，be動詞與后面第一個名詞一致。如：Thereisadognearthedoor.Therewerenoschoolsinthisareabeforeliberation.Herecomesthebus.Onthewallweretwofamouspaintings.HereisMr.Brownandhischildren.4、and連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如果主語后跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,perhaps,like,including,aswellas,nolessthan,morethan,ratherthan等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍與短語前的主語的形式保持一致。如：Jane,MaryandIaregoodfriends.Heandmyfatherworkinthesamefactory.Hissister,nolessthanyou,iswrong.Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.He,likeyouandXiaoLiuisverydiligent.Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.AlicewithherparentsoftengoestotheparkonSundays.Aliceaswellasherfriendswasinvitedtotheconcert.NobodybutMaryandIwasintheclassroomatthattime.5、并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如：Thewriterandworkeriscomingtoourschooltomorrow這位工人作家明天要來我們學校。Breadandbutteristheirdailyfood.面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。Thewriterandtheworkerarecomingtoourschooltomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來我們學校。6、and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each,every,no,manya修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Everyboyandgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheparty所有的孩子都被邀請參加這次聚會。Noteacherandnostudentisabsenttoday.今天沒有老師和學生缺席。Manyastudentisbusywiththeirlessons許許多多的學生都忙著復習他們的功課。7、each,either,one,another,theother,neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Eachtakesacupoftea.Eitheriscorrect.Neitherofthemlikesthispicture.8、由every,some,any,no構成的合成代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Iseveryonehere?Nothingistobedone.沒有什么要干的事兒了。9、關系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.Anyonewhoisagainstthisopinionmayspeakout.Heisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedatthemeeting.10、表示時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數(shù)名詞或短語作為一個整體看待時，其謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。如：Threeyearsisnotalongtime.Tendollarsiswhatheneeds.3)Fivehundredmilesisalongdistance.11、復數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體看待(如人名、地點、國家、組織、書籍、報刊等)，動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：TheUnitedStatesisinNorthAmerica.TheUnitedNationshaspassedaresolution(決議)?！癟heArabianNights”(《天方夜譚》)isaninterestingbook.12、有些集體名詞如family,team,group,class,audience(聽眾，觀眾)，government等作主語時，如看作是一個整體，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式；如強調(diào)各個成員時，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。如：Myfamilyisgoingtohavealongjourney.我家要進行一次長途旅行。Myfamilyarefondofmusic.我家人都喜歡音樂。Theclasshaswonthehonour.這班獲得了榮譽。Theclasswerejumpingforjoy.全班同學都高興得跳了起來。13、all,more,most,some,any,none,half,therest等作主語時，既可表示復數(shù)意義，也可表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞要根據(jù)實際情況而定。如：Alloftheappleisrotten.整個蘋果都爛了。Alloftheapplesarerotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。Mostofthewoodwasusedtomakefurniture(家具)。14、the+形容詞(或分詞)作主語時，常指一類人，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念，謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式。如：Theyoungareusuallyveryactive.年輕人通常是很活躍的。Thewoundedarebeingtakengoodcareofherenow.現(xiàn)在傷病員們在這里受到了很好照顧。15、or,either???or…，neither???nor…，whether???or,notonly???but(also)連接的是主語，謂語動詞與后一個主語一致。如：EitheryouorIamgoingtothemovies.Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.16、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1)Waterisakindofmatter.2)Thenewsatsixo'clockistrue.17、集合名詞如：people,police,cattle等作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：Thepolicearesearchingforhim.Thecattlearegrassing(吃草)。18、population當人口講時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；當人們講時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofJapan.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.19、thenumberof+名詞復數(shù)，是表示“…的數(shù)字”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;a(large/great)numberof+名詞復數(shù)，表示許多，作主語時；謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisincreasingyearafteryear.Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.20、means,politics,physics,plastics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。【專項訓練】1、Nothingbutcarsintheshop.A．issoldB．a(chǎn)resoldC．weresoldD．a(chǎn)regoingtosell2、NooneexceptJackandTomtheanswer.A．knowB．knowsC．isknowingD．a(chǎn)reknown3、Seventypercentofthestudentsinourschoolfromthecountryside.A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．comesD．a(chǎn)recoming4、ofthemoneyusedup.A．Three-five,areB．Three-fifths,havebeenC．Three-fifths,hasbeenD．Third-fifths,is5、Thenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing.A．owns,areB．owns,isC．own,isD．own,are6、0neofMarx'sworkswritteninEnglishinthe1860s.A．wasB．wereC．wouldbeD．a(chǎn)re7、Thesheetsforyourbedwashing.A．needsB．a(chǎn)reneedingC．wantD．a(chǎn)rewanting8、Oneachsideofthestreetalotoftrees.A．standsB．growC．isstandingD．a(chǎn)regrown9、Somepersoncallingforyouatthegate.A．a(chǎn)reB．isC．isbeingD．willbe10、Allthatcanbeeateneatenup.A．a(chǎn)rebeingB．hasbeenC．hadbeenD．havebeen11、Tom'steacherandfriendMr.Smith.A．a(chǎn)reB．isC．a(chǎn)rebeingD．has12、Yournewclothesfityou.butmineme.A．doesn'tfitB．don'tfitC．doesn'tfitforD．don'tfitfor13、NeitherhenorIfortheplan.A．a(chǎn)mB．a(chǎn)reC．isD．were14、Manyastudentthatmistakebefore.

15、161718192021222324252627282930313233343536、A．hasmadeB．havemadeC．hasbeenmadeD．hadmadePeter,perhapsJohn,layingwiththelittledog.A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wereD．seemsLayingeggstheantqueen'sfull-timejob.A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．hasD．haveBetweenthetwobuildingsamonument.A．standB．standsC．standingD．isstandingI,whoyourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrow.A．a(chǎn)mB．isC．a(chǎn)reD．wasTheUnitedNationsin1945.A．werefoundB．werefoundedC．wasfoundedD．wasfoundwerealsoinvitedtotheparty.A．Mr.SmithB．TheSmithC．TheSmithsD．SmithsTheglassworksin1959.A．weresetupB．wassetupC．wereputupD．werebuiltThreehourswithyourgirlfriendtobeashorttime.A．seemB．seemsC．isseemingD．hasseemedItwasreportedthatsixincludingaboy.A．waskilledB．werekilledC．waskillingD．hadkilledThepoliceaprisoner.A．issearchingforB．a(chǎn)researchingforC．issearchingD．a(chǎn)researchedforDeerfasterthandogs.A．runB．runsC．a(chǎn)rerunningD．willrunThewoundedgoodcareofherenow.A．istakenB．a(chǎn)rebeingtakenC．a(chǎn)retakingD．istakingThewholeclassgreatlymovedathiswords.A．wasB．wereC．hadD．isOver80percentofthepopulationofChinapeasants.A．wasB．isC．a(chǎn)reD．willbeThereaknifeandforkonthetable.A．seemstobeB．seemtobeC．isseemingtobeD．a(chǎn)reThosewhosingingmayjoinus.A．a(chǎn)relikingB．likesC．enjoyD．isfondofHisfamilymusiclovers.A．a(chǎn)llareB．a(chǎn)reallC．isD．a(chǎn)rebeingAprofessorandawriterpresentatthemeeting.A．wasB．isC．wereD．hadbeenThepairofshoeswornout.A．wasB．wereC．havebeenD．hadbeenThestudentsinourschooleachanEnglishdictionary.A．haveB．hasC．hadD．a(chǎn)rehavingMorethanoneanswertothequestion.A．havebeengivenB．hasbeengivenC．weregivenD．hadgivenTheboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswho

fromthecountrysideinourschool.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasOurfamilyahappyone.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereMostofthemistakesbecauseofcarelessness.A.weremadeB.aremadeC.hasbeenmadeD.weremakingMostofhistimeinreadingnovels.A.arespentB.isspentC.werespentD.wasspendingTherestofthenovelveryinteresting.A.wereB.areC.isA.wereB.areC.isD.seemIknowthatallIknowthatallgettingonwellwithher.A.wasB.isA.wasB.isC.areD.wereWhenandwherethistookplacestillunknown.Whenandwherethistookplacestillunknown.A.areB.wereC.isD.hasNotonlytheworkersbutA.areB.werealsothemachinenotthere.C.isD.hasVeryfewA.knowshisB.knowTenthousanddollarsA.areB.isTwentymilesB.areA.wereNineplusA.makesthreeB.makeTherearetwoA.leadsaddressinthetown.C.areknowingalargesumC.werealongwaytocover.C.istwelve.C.ismakingroadsandeitheB.leadD.ofD.D.D.A.areB.wereC.isD.hasNotonlytheworkersbutA.areB.werealsothemachinenotthere.C.isD.hasVeryfewA.knowshisB.knowTenthousanddollarsA.areB.isTwentymilesB.areA.wereNineplusA.makesthreeB.makeTherearetwoA.leadsaddressinthetown.C.areknowingalargesumC.werealongwaytocover.C.istwelve.C.ismakingroadsandeitheB.leadD.ofD.D.D.tothehasknownmoney.seemseemtobearemakingstation.MyA.father,havebeenC.areleadingtogetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,B.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.isleadingtherealready.D.willbeMyfamilyaswellasIMyfamilyaswellasIgladtoseeyou.37、38394041424344454647484950、A.amB.areA.amB.areC.isD.was【答案】：1、A因有連詞but,所以謂語形式跟Nothing—致，用第三人稱單數(shù)。見講解4。2、B同上3、B見講解2。4、C見講解16。5、C定語從句看被修飾的先行詞：thenumberof作主語用單數(shù)形式。見講解9,19。6、A見講解1。7、C見講解2。8、B倒裝句，要看后面的主語。見講解3。9、Bsomeperson指“某人”是第三人稱單數(shù)。見講解13。10、B主語“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可數(shù)名詞，是第三人稱單數(shù)。見講解13。11、BTom'steacherandfriend，因friend前沒有冠詞，所以實際指的是同一個人。見講解5。12、B根據(jù)前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“mynewclothes