高考英語精準(zhǔn)備考一輪講義（譯林版）必修四Unit2Sportsevents

Unit2Sportsevents文娛與體育之(一)——體育賽事[一積詞匯見多識廣][課內(nèi)單詞回扣](一)閱讀詞匯寫其義1．movementn．社會運(yùn)動；移動2.contemporaryadj.現(xiàn)代的；同一時(shí)代的3．transportn．交通工具vt.運(yùn)輸4.budgetn．預(yù)算vi.&vt.編制預(yù)算5．removevt.去除；開除；解除6.whistlevi.吹口哨；呼嘯n.哨子；鳴叫7．meanwhileadv.與此同時(shí)8.techniquen．技術(shù)，工藝，技巧9．championn．冠軍，優(yōu)勝者10.unusualadj.特別的；與眾不同的(二)表達(dá)詞匯寫其形1．traditionn．傳統(tǒng)；風(fēng)俗2.medaln．獎(jiǎng)牌，獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢瑒渍?．a(chǎn)ttemptn．&vt.嘗試，努力4.otherwiseadv.否則，不然5．stadiumn．體育場，運(yùn)動場6.preciousadj.寶貴的，珍貴的7．a(chǎn)ssociationn．協(xié)會；關(guān)聯(lián)；聯(lián)想8.honourn．尊敬；榮譽(yù)vt.尊敬，尊重(三)拓展詞匯靈活用1.delightedadj.愉快的，高興的→delightn．高興v．使高興*2.significancen．重要性，意義→significantadj.有重大意義的；顯著的3.competevi.比賽；競爭→competitionn．比賽；競爭→competitiveadj.競爭的，競賽的→competitorn．比賽者；競賽者*4.absencen．缺席，不在場；不存在→absentadj.缺席的，缺少的，心不在焉的→present(反義詞)adj.到場的，出席的5.originn．起源，起因；出身→originaladj.原來的，起初的6.powern．力量；能量；權(quán)力；影響力；統(tǒng)治vt.驅(qū)動，提供動力→powerfuladj.強(qiáng)大的，強(qiáng)有力的*7.excitevt.使激動，使興奮→excitedadj.興奮的，激動的→excitingadj.令人激動的，使人興奮的→excitementn．興奮，激動8.nationn．國家，民族；全體國民→nationaladj.國家的*9.unfairadj.不公正的，不公平的→fairadj.公平的*10.frequentadj.頻繁的，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的→frequentlyadv.屢次；頻繁地用上面加*號的單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Thecompetitionisveryfierce—hundredsofcompetitorsarecompetingfor56medals,soIregrethavingtakenpartinthiscompetitivegame.2．IwasexcitedtoknowthatBeijingwouldbethecitytohostthe2022WinterOlympics.WhenItoldmybrotheraboutit,hejumpedwithexcitement.3．Heisalwaysabsentfromclass,andhisabsencemakeshisheadteacherangry.4．Frequentlygoingoutonadatemayresultinfrequentabsencefromclasses,whichwillinterferewiththeirstudies.5．Lifeistotallyfair.Wejustseeitasunfairbecauseit'seitherweexpectedtoomuchorwegaveupalready.6．ThesignificantdiscoveryofnewgasfieldinSouthChinaSeaisofgreatsignificancetoourcountry'seconomy.[話題單詞積累]1．sport/sp??t/n．運(yùn)動；體育2．a(chǎn)mateur/'?m?t?(r)/n.業(yè)余運(yùn)動員3．foul/fa?l/n.犯規(guī)4．winner/'w?n?(r)/n.勝利者5．defeat/d?'fi?t/vt.打敗6．defend/d?'fend/v.防守7．court/k??t/n.球場8．professional/pr?'fe??nl/n.職業(yè)球員9．title/'ta?tl/n．(重大體育比賽中的)冠軍10．motivation/m??t?'ve??n/n.動力11．outstanding/a?t'st?nd??/adj.杰出的12．live/la?v/adv.現(xiàn)場直播地；現(xiàn)場演出地13．coach/k??t?/n.教練14．wrestling/'resl??/n.摔跤(運(yùn)動)15．boxing/'b?ks??/n.拳擊(運(yùn)動)16．tournament/'t??n?m?nt/n.錦標(biāo)賽，聯(lián)賽17．teamwork/'ti?mw??k/n.合作，協(xié)作，配合18．gymnasium/d??m'ne?zi?m/n．體育館19．a(chǎn)thletics/?θ'let?ks/n.田徑運(yùn)動20．tennis/'ten?s/n.網(wǎng)球21．pitch/p?t?/n．(足球、橄欖球等)球場22．track/tr?k/n.跑道23．tracksuit/'tr?ksu?t/n.運(yùn)動服24．sportswear/'sp??tswe?(r)/n．運(yùn)動服裝25．marathon/'m?r?θ?n/n.馬拉松26．score/sk??(r)/vi.&vt.得分27．victory/'v?kt?ri/n.勝利28．badminton/'b?dm?nt?n/n.羽毛球運(yùn)動29．Paralympics/p?r?'l?mp?ks/n．殘疾人運(yùn)動會30．sportsmanship/'sp??tsm?n??p/n．體育精神31．gymnastics/d??m'n?st?ks/n．體操32．shooting/'?u?t??/n.射擊33．baseball/'be?sb??l/n.壘球34．hockey/'h?ki/n.曲棍球35．event/?'vent/n.比賽項(xiàng)目36．train/tre?n/v.訓(xùn)練37．dive/da?v/v.跳水[二積短語頓挫抑揚(yáng)][課內(nèi)短語回扣](一)根據(jù)漢語寫出下列短語*1.in_honour_of向……表示敬意*2.side_by_side一起，共同；肩并肩，并排*3.hang_on(在逆境中)堅(jiān)持4.come_up被提出*5.lead_the_way領(lǐng)先6.keep_...under_control使……處于控制之下*7.make_way_for給……讓路8.compete_for_medals角逐獎(jiǎng)牌9.hope_for希望，期待10.every_four_years每四年一次11.be_related_to與……相關(guān)12.realize_one's_dream實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢想13.pass_sth._on_(to_sb.)傳給14.be_similar_to與……相似*15.make_contributions_to對……做出貢獻(xiàn)(二)用上面加*號的短語完成下列句子1．Itwasahardtaskbuttheteamhung_ontocompleteitintheend.2．“Googleled_the_wayinsearchingforinformationontheInternet,butthatwasadecadeagoandthewebhasmovedon，”hesaidtothepress.3．Einstein,whodiscoveredthetheoryofrelativity,made_contributions_toscience.4．Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatogiveuptheenvironmenttomake_way_foreconomicdevelopment.5．ThebridgetobebuiltisnamedStonein_honour_ofthehero.6．Weoughttoworkside_by_sideinourdaysoftrouble.[話題短語積累]1．goldmedal金牌2．relayrace接力賽3．recordholder紀(jì)錄創(chuàng)造者4．nationalteam國家隊(duì)5．a(chǎn)ll-roundchampion全能冠軍6．OlympicGames/Olympics奧林匹克運(yùn)動會7．takepartin參加8．play/dosports進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動9．warmup熱身運(yùn)動10．takeexercise鍛煉11．bepopularwith受……歡迎12．keep/breakarecord保持/打破紀(jì)錄13．theWorldCup世界杯14．takeplace舉行15．thenationalgames全國運(yùn)動會16．theWorldUniversityGames世界大學(xué)生運(yùn)動會17．buildupone'sbody強(qiáng)健身體18．keepfit/healthy保持健康19．goskating/swimming/skiing滑冰/游泳/滑雪[三積句式寫作扮靚][課內(nèi)句式仿寫]1．makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)todosth.[例句]HedreamtthattheOlympicswouldmakeitpossibleforpeopleofallcountriestolivesidebysideinpeace.[仿寫]為了聯(lián)系我們更容易，你最好將這張卡片放在身邊。(2016·北京高考)To_make_it_easier_to_get_in_touch_with_us,_you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand.2．thefirst/last(one/person)todosth.[例句]Atthe2004AthensOlympicGames,LiuXiangexcitedpeoplealloverAsiawhenhebecamethefirstAsiantowinthegoldmedalinthemen's110-metrehurdles.[仿寫]我相信你會是我朋友中第一個(gè)愛上唐詩的外國朋友。(2017·全國卷Ⅰ滿分作文)I'msureyou'llbethe_first_foreign_friend_to_fall_in_love_with_Tang_Poetryamongmyfriends.3．beof＋抽象名詞[例句]Ihopethisinformationwillbeofusetoyou.[仿寫]我一直忙于復(fù)習(xí)功課迎接高考，這對我很重要。(2017·天津高考滿分作文)IhavebeenbusywithmylessonsfortheCollegeEntranceExamination,whichis_of_great_importancetome.4．形容詞作狀語，用來說明主語的狀態(tài)[例句]TheEagleswenthomeangryandbitterbecausetheydidnotwinthetournament.[仿寫]小湯姆吃驚地坐在那里，看著猴子在他面前跳舞。(2015·四川高考)LittleTomsatamazedwatchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.,[話題佳句背誦]1．Theathletesnevergiveupandfightforthelastminute.Theyinspirepeopletoholdon,andtheirspiritmovessomanypeople.運(yùn)動員們永不言棄，奮戰(zhàn)到最后。他們的精神鼓勵(lì)人們堅(jiān)持，這感動了很多人。2．Thereisnodoubtthatsportisgoodforourhealth.毫無疑問，運(yùn)動對我們的健康有好處。3．Apersonwhotakesexercisesregularlywillkeepfit.What'smore,exercisecanmakeyoufeelconfident.經(jīng)常運(yùn)動的人可以保持身體健康。更重要的是，運(yùn)動可以使你表現(xiàn)得自信。4．Youcanpickupyourfavoritesportanddoiteveryday.Onlyinthiswaycanyouhavebothpleasureandahealthybody.你可以選擇你最喜歡的運(yùn)動，每天都鍛煉。只有這樣，你才能從中收獲健康和快樂。5．Sportsarelookeduponasthemostpopularformofrelaxationthateverybodycanenjoy.體育被視為每個(gè)人都可以享受的最受歡迎的放松形式。[四背語段語感流暢]Ilikesportsassportsareplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleinpeople'smodernlife.Notonlydosportshelppeopletokeepfit,butthecompetitionandteamworkinsportsgivepeoplealotofmotivationtokeepgoingandtopushthemselveshard.Sopeopleallovertheworldtakepartindifferentkindsofsports,suchasfootball,basketball,walking,swimmingandsoon.Besides,theyalsoliketowatchsportsmatches.AsfarasIamconcerned,it'sgoodtoplaysportswhenwehavefreetime.我喜歡體育運(yùn)動，體育在人們的現(xiàn)代生活中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。運(yùn)動不僅幫助人們保持健康，而且在運(yùn)動中的競爭和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作給人們很多去堅(jiān)持和努力推動自己的動力。因此，世界各地的人都參加不同種類的體育運(yùn)動，如足球、籃球、散步、游泳等。此外，他們還喜歡看體育比賽。就我而言，當(dāng)我們空閑時(shí)，進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動是很好的。[第一板塊重點(diǎn)詞匯突破][師生共研詞匯]1．delightedadj.高興的；快樂的[教材原句]AsamemberoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee,IamdelightedtohavebeeninvitedtoyourschooltotalktoyouaboutthehistoryandsignificanceoftheOlympicGames.作為一名國際奧委會的成員，我很高興應(yīng)邀前來貴校，跟大家講述有關(guān)奧運(yùn)會的歷史及其意義。(1)bedelightedat/with/by...對……高興bedelightedtodosth.很高興做某事bedelighted＋that從句很高興……(2)delightn．[U]高興，快樂；[C]使人高興的事，樂事vt.&vi.(使)高興have/find/takedelightin(doing)...高興(做)……；以(做)……為樂toone'sdelight/tothedelightofsb.令某人高興的是with/indelight高興地，樂意地(3)delightfuladj.令人愉快的①Iwouldbedelightedto_work(work)withyouandyourcompanyonthisproject.在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上，我會很高興與您和您的公司合作。②Peoplestilltake/have/find_delight_intalkingaboutthelegendarystory.那個(gè)傳奇故事至今為人津津樂道。③To_our_great_delight,_ournewproductshavegreatappealforyoungtargetaudiences.使我們感到非常高興的是，我們的新產(chǎn)品對年輕的目標(biāo)群體有很大的吸引力。2．competevi.比賽；競爭[教材原句]AttheancientOlympics,bytraditiontheathleteswereallmenandtheyhadtocompetewearingnoclothes.從傳統(tǒng)上來講古代奧運(yùn)會的運(yùn)動員都是男性，而且他們必須裸體競技。(1)competein參加……比賽；在……方面競爭competefor為……而競爭competewith/against...for為爭取……而與……對抗/競爭(2)competitionn.比賽competitiveadj.有競爭力的competitorn.競爭者；對手①Iamverydelightedatgettingachancetocompete_inthefinal.我很高興，我有機(jī)會進(jìn)入決賽了。②Wecan'tcompeteagainst/withothercountriesifwedon'tdevelopournationaleconomy.如果我們不發(fā)展我們的國民經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們就不能與其他國家競爭。③Firstofall,ifwewanttostaycompetitive(compete),weneedtomodernizeourfactory.首先，我們?nèi)绻３指偁幜Φ脑?，就需要使我們的工廠現(xiàn)代化。[一言串記]Astheyoungestcompetitor,Ihadtocompeteinthewritingcontestagainst/with20othertopstudentsfortheannualwritingaward.Imustbeverycompetitivetobethewinner.作為最小比賽者，我必須和另外20名頂尖的學(xué)生在寫作比賽中競爭以獲得年度寫作獎(jiǎng)；要成為獲勝者，我必須有很強(qiáng)的競爭力。3．honourn．尊敬；榮幸；節(jié)操；榮譽(yù)vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)；給以榮譽(yù)[經(jīng)典例句]Thehighesthonourwillgotowhoeverhasmadethegreatestcontributionstothedevelopmentofourschool.最高的榮譽(yù)將屬于任何為我們學(xué)校發(fā)展作出最大貢獻(xiàn)的人。(1)inhonourof為了紀(jì)念……h(huán)avethehonourtodosth.有幸做某事Itisanhonourtodosth.做某事是榮幸的(2)honouredadj.受尊敬的，感到榮幸的be/feelhonouredtodosth.很榮幸做某事behonouredwith...被授予……①Thecountrysetupaholidayin_honour_ofthehistorian.那個(gè)國家設(shè)立了一個(gè)節(jié)日來紀(jì)念這名歷史學(xué)家。②Ihavethehonourtoinformyouthatyouhavegotthefirstprize.＝I_am_honoured_to_inform_youthatyouhavegotthefirstprize.＝I_feel_it_an_honour_to_inform_youthatyouhavegotthefirstprize.我十分榮幸地通知你，你獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。4．a(chǎn)bsencen．缺席，不在場；不存在；缺乏，沒有[教材原句]Atthe1984LosAngelesOlympics,thePeople'sRepublicofChinareturnedtotheOlympicsafter32years'absence.1984年洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會上，中華人民共和國在闊別32年后重返奧運(yùn)會。(1)intheabsenceofsb.＝inone'sabsence某人不在時(shí)absencefromschool/work缺課/不上班absenceofmind心不在焉(2)absentadj.不在的；缺席的beabsentfrom...不參加……；缺席……①Intheabsence(absent)oftheirteacher,theclasswasinchaos.他們的老師不在時(shí)，班上一片混亂。②Joe'sabsencefromschoolwascausedbyillness.因?yàn)樯?，喬沒有上學(xué)。③Hehasneverbeen_absent_from_classthisterm.這學(xué)期他從沒缺席過。5．a(chǎn)ttemptn．&vt.嘗試，努力，試圖；企圖[教材原句]ThesearesomeoftheOlympicathleteswhohavebroughtjoytopeopleacrosstheworldwiththeirattemptstopushtheboundariesofhumanachievement.奧林匹克運(yùn)動員們不斷嘗試著挑戰(zhàn)人類極限，為全世界人們帶來歡樂，上述這些只是其中的一些例子。(1)makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.試圖做某事atthefirstattempt第一次嘗試(2)attempttodosth.＝trytodosth.＝seektodosth.努力做某事；企圖做某事①Theproposalattempts_to_deal_withtheairpollution.＝Theproposalmakes_an_attempt_to_deal_withtheairpollution.這項(xiàng)提議嘗試處理空氣污染問題。②Jimhadpreparedcarefullyforhisphysicstestsothathecouldbesureofpassingitat_the_first_attempt.吉姆為物理測驗(yàn)做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，以確保第一次就能通過。[自主練通詞匯]1．otherwiseadv.&conj.否則，不然adv.在其他方面；不同地寫出句中otherwise的含義①Hesaysit'sgenuine,butwethinkotherwise.不同地②Alwaysfollowthedoctor'sadviceforappropriatewear.Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.否則，要不然③Sheisnotveryclever,butotherwiseshe'sanicegirl.在其他方面[點(diǎn)撥]otherwise作連詞且意為“否則，不然”時(shí)，其后的句子所描述的情況如果與事實(shí)相反，則用虛擬語氣；如果與事實(shí)相符，則用陳述語氣。④Iwasillthatday,otherwiseIwould_have_taken(take)partinthecompetition.那天我病了，否則我就去參加比賽了。2．removevt.去除，移開；開除；免職，解除(職務(wù))；脫去(衣物)；拿走；搬遷寫出句中remove的含義①Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone,thebirdwillnotnotice.拿走②Heremovedhisjacketwhenhearrivedhome.脫掉③Hewasseverelycriticizedandremovedfromhispost.免職④Theagreementremovesthelastseriousobstacletothesigningofthetreaty.清除⑤Threechildrenwereremovedfromschoolforbadbehaviors.開除[點(diǎn)撥]remove的搭配主要有：remove...from...“把……從……移開”；removefrom...to...“把……搬到……”。3．tien．平局；(人、團(tuán)體或國家之間的)關(guān)系/聯(lián)系；領(lǐng)帶vt.(用錢、繩索)系、扎、拴、捆；(比賽)得分相等，打成平局寫出句中tie的詞性和含義①Don'ttiethehorsetothetree.Tieittothepost.v.拴②Attheendoftheseason,weweretiedwiththeTigers.v.打成平局③Mikewaswearingoneofhisdarksuitsandalightlypatternedtie.n.領(lǐng)帶④There'sastrongtiebetweenphysicalhealthandhappiness.n.關(guān)系⑤Ourteamequaledtheotherteam'sscore,andthegameendedinatie.n.平局[詞匯過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Iattemptedto_get(get)intouchwiththembutfailed.2．Washington,astateintheUnitedStates,wasnamedinhonourofoneofthegreatestAmericanpresidents.3．Maryisakind-heartedladywithapositiveattitudetowardslifebecauseshetakesdelightinhelpingothers.4．WhenIspoketohim,helookedatmeinanabsent(absence)wayanddidn'tanswer.5．Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthecompetition(compete),thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.6．Jackquicklyestablishedhimselfasapowerful(power)memberofthenewcompany.7．Inourhometown,itistraditional(tradition)tovisitrelativesonebyoneduringtheSpringFestival.8．Timelyencouragementfromateacherisverysignificant(significance)tohis/herstudents.9．Ihadabadcold,otherwiseIwould_have_visited(visit)youlastweek.10．Thesecretaryhasbeenremovedfromherpositionforhernegligence.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Shewasproudasapeacockwhenshepassedherdrivingtestinthefirstattempt.in→at2．DelightfultohearofmyappointmentaschairmanofBoard,heofferedhissincerecongratulations.Delightful→Delighted3．Hefeltithonourtobeinvitedtosuchanimportantconference.在it后加an4．Muchforourexcitement,nooneraisedobjectionatthemeetingyesterday.for→to5．Lifeislikealongracewhereweoftencompeteforotherstogobeyondourselves.for→with6．However,learningEnglishasaforeignlanguageisverydifficultinabsenceofanativelanguageenvironment.in后加the7．Aspecialceremonyistobeheldtonightinthehonourofthoseexcellentscientists.去掉theⅢ.單句寫作(補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換)1．你最好現(xiàn)在就走，要不然就趕不上火車了。You'dbettergonow,otherwise_you'll_miss_the_train.2．我試圖說服她，但是徒勞無果。I'vemade_an_attempt_toconvinceher,butinvain.3．只有最了不起的運(yùn)動員才能角逐這種吃力的運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目。Onlythegreatestathletescompete_inthisdemandingevent.4．IfeeldelightedthatIcangototheconcertwithyoutomorrowevening.①Ifeeldelightedtogototheconcertwithyoutomorrowevening.②Ifeeldelightedat/with/bygoingtotheconcertwithyoutomorrowevening.5．Itisanhonourformetohavetheopportunitytoaddressinyouruniversity.①Iamhonouredtohavetheopportunitytoaddressinyouruniversity.②Ihavethehonourtohavetheopportunitytoaddressinyouruniversity[第二板塊短語、句式突破]1．hangon(＝holdon)不掛斷；(在逆境中)堅(jiān)持；緊緊握住，保留(tosth.)[教材原句]Yet,shehungontowinthegoldmedalinthefinalmatch.而她在決賽中堅(jiān)持不懈贏得了金牌。hangonto抓緊；保留，不賣掉，不放棄hangup(onsb.)掛(某人的)電話hangout常去某處；泡在某處hangabout/around(在某處附近)等待，逗留，閑蕩①It'shardwork,butifyouhang_on,_youaresuretosucceedintheend.工作是夠艱苦的，但只要堅(jiān)持下去，最終你會成功的。②Therearesomepeoplewhohang_on_totheirjobslongaftertheyshouldhaveretired.某些人本來早該退休，卻還抓住工作不放。③Theprincipalwarnedthestudentsnottohang_around/aboutthecornerdrugstoreafterschool.校長警告學(xué)生放學(xué)后不要在街角的雜貨鋪里閑逛。④WhileIwastalkingwithafriendonthephonehesuddenlyhung_uponme.我正同一位朋友通電話時(shí)，對方突然把電話掛了。2．makewayfor給……讓路，讓位于……[教材原句]Thesesportswerejudgedtohavebecomelesspopular,andhadtomakewayfornewsportswhicharemorepopular.人們認(rèn)為這些運(yùn)動不再那么流行了，必須讓位于一些更受歡迎的新運(yùn)動項(xiàng)目。(1)makeone'swayto向……走去givewayto讓路；讓步；被……代替(2)intheway擋路，擋道，妨礙inaway在某種意義上innoway絕不(位于句首，句子要倒裝)underway在進(jìn)行，在舉行ontheway在路上；將要發(fā)生①Intheeveningwemade_our_way_totherailwaystationagainstthestorm.到了晚上，我們頂著暴風(fēng)雪向火車站走去。②In_no_waycanteachinginschoolbeseparatedfrompractice.學(xué)校教學(xué)決不可以脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)。③Nodoubthewasjusttryingtohelp,butinfacthejustgotin_the_way.他多半只是想幫忙，可事實(shí)上他只是幫倒忙。④In_a_way,_I'mgladyoumadethatmistake,foritwillserveasawarningtoyou.在某種程度上說，你犯那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤我倒感到高興，因?yàn)樗鼤δ闫鹁孀饔谩?．HedreamtthattheOlympicswouldmake_it_possibleforpeopleofallcountriestolivesidebysideinpeace.他夢想著奧運(yùn)會可以讓各國人民和平相處。本句使用了“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式賓語，forpeopleofallcountriestolivesidebysideinpeace是真正的賓語，possible是賓補(bǔ)。(1)在“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語可由名詞或形容詞、不帶to的不定式、過去分詞或介詞短語充當(dāng)。(2)當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語是不定式短語或從句時(shí)，多用it作形式賓語，而把不定式短語或從句后置。即：make＋it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語＋不定式短語或從句(賓語補(bǔ)足語由名詞或形容詞充當(dāng))。①Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomake_this_nest_safe_and_comfortable.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀)我在籃子里放了一些松樹枝，使這個(gè)窩既安全又舒適。②Hehadtospeakinaloudvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard(hear)．為了使自己的聲音被別人聽到，他不得不提高嗓門。③Hedidn'tmakeitclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.他不清楚何時(shí)何地舉行會議。[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)“make＋賓語＋dosth.”變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號“to”要還原。④Thepolicemadethemstandupagainstthewall.＝Theyweremadebythepoliceto_stand_upagainstthewall.警察讓他們靠墻站著。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]有些動詞后可用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語后置。這樣的動詞還有：find,feel,think,suppose,like,dislike,hate,appreciate等。4．TheEagleswenthomeangry_and_bitterbecausetheydidnotwinthetournament.鷹隊(duì)在錦標(biāo)賽上鎩羽而歸，既惱火又憤憤不平。(1)句中形容詞短語angryandbitter作狀語，說明主語theEagles的心理狀態(tài)。(2)形容詞(短語)作狀語表示伴隨、結(jié)果、原因或讓步等。作原因狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于because從句，這時(shí)形容詞短語通常放在句首。①Eager_to_see_the_sunrise,_theygotupatfour.急于去看日出，他們4點(diǎn)就起床了。②Theinjureddriverwasstuckinthedamagedcar,unable_to_move.受傷的司機(jī)被困在損毀的小汽車?yán)铮粍硬荒軇?。③Seriously_injured,_someofthepassengersweresenttothenearesthospitalatonce.因嚴(yán)重受傷，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的醫(yī)院。④Modest_and_easytoapproach,hesoonputeveryonecompletelyatease.他是那樣謙虛，平易近人，很快使大家放松下來。[名師點(diǎn)津]形容詞作原因狀語，有無being區(qū)別不大。試比較：Poor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.(形容詞作原因狀語)Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.(現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語)[短語、句式過關(guān)練]Ⅰ.選詞填空eq\x(makewayfor，inhonourof，leadtheway，passsth.onto，bring...backtolife，hangon)1．Whenoldermenretire,theymake_way_foryoungermentotaketheirplaces.2．Themeasuresthatthegovernmenttookhavebroughtthecityback_to_life.3．Theblindcrossedthestreetwiththeboyleading_the_way.4．ThisrelationshipiscalledBoyle'slaw,in_honour_oftheEnglishphysicistwhodiscoveredit.5．WithoutthesupportofmyparentsIwouldnothavehung_ontotheend.6．Dickwillpassthemessageon_toyoursisterassoonashemeetsherinherofficetomorrow.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．AtnotimeandinnocircumstanceswillChinabethe_first_to_use(第一個(gè)使用)nuclearweapons.2．IhopewhatIhavewrittenwillbe_of_benefit(有益的)tosomeoneelsewhomayfeelthesameway.3．Yourmethodisfeasibleandwecanmake_it_much_simpler(使它更簡單)thisway.4．Onmywayhome,Isawamiddle-agedmanlyingbytheroadside,very_drunk(爛醉如泥)．Ⅲ.句式升級1．Becausehewasinjuredintheleg,hedidn'ttakepartinthefootballmatch.(形容詞作狀語)→Injured_in_the_leg,__he_didn't_take_part_in_the_football_match.2．Ifounditiseasytogetalongwiththepeoplethere.(it作形式賓語)→I_found_it_easy_to_get_along_with_the_people_there.eq\a\vs4\al([課堂雙線提能]課堂一刻鐘演練，實(shí)現(xiàn)教材與高考的對接)提能一用課文詞匯寫高分作文significance，honour，medal，attempt，competefor，championship，delighted，hangon1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(“黑體”部分選用上面方框中的單詞或短語)①奧運(yùn)會是世界上最著名的運(yùn)動會，舉辦它對一個(gè)國家來說意義重大。It_is_of_great_significanceforacountrytohosttheOlympicGamesanditisthebest-knownGamesintheworld.②運(yùn)動員們覺得為民族贏獎(jiǎng)牌是一種榮譽(yù)。Athletesfeelthatit_is_an_honour_to_win_medalsfortheirnation.③在2008年北京奧運(yùn)會開幕式上，從火炬?zhèn)鹘o李寧，李寧點(diǎn)燃圣火開始，我國體育健兒一直為金牌奮力競爭。SinceLiNingwaspassedthetorchonandlightedtheflameatthe2008BeijingOlympicsopening,our_athletes_have_attempted_to_compete_for_medals.④他們在體操、舉重、射擊、乒乓球等比賽中獲得冠軍，這使得所有的中國公民既高興又激動萬分。They_won_championshipingymnastics,weightlifting,shooting,ping-pongandothercompetitions,whichmadealltheChinesecitizensdelighted_and_excited.⑤無論多么艱難，他們也要堅(jiān)持。Nomatterhowharditis,they_must_hang_on.2．升級平淡句(1)用非限制性定語從句改寫句①It_is_of_great_significance_for_a_country_to_host_the_Olympic_Games,_which_is_the_best-known_Games_in_the_world.(2)用it作形式賓語改寫句②Athletes_feel_it_an_honour_to_win_medals_for_their_nation.3．銜接成語篇(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：asfarasI'mconcerned,asaresult)ItisofgreatsignificanceforacountrytohosttheOlympicGames,whichisthebest-knownGamesintheworld.AsfarasI'mconcerned,athletesfeelitanhonourtowinmedalsfortheirnation.SinceLiNingwaspassedthetorchonandlightedtheflameatthe2008BeijingOlympicsopening,ourathleteshaveattemptedtocompeteformedals.Asaresult,theywonchampionshipingymnastics,weightlifting,shooting,ping-pongandothercompetitions,whichmadealltheChinesecitizensdelightedandexcited.Nomatterhowharditis,theymusthangon.Itiswiththeirwonderfulperformancesthatmanyathletesbringjoytotheaudience.提能二用課文句型解構(gòu)高考長難句[本單元突破點(diǎn)——省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句]經(jīng)典例句比較分析真題嘗試翻譯課文長難句DengYaping,whowonfourOlympicgoldmedalsin1992and1996,isperhapsthegreatestfemaletabletennisplayertheworldhaseverseen.本句中playertheworldhaseverseen是定語從句，修飾先行詞thegreatestfemaletabletennisplayer，省略了關(guān)系代詞who/that。過去，Maxime最開始做的事情之一就是把Shelly-Ann帶到跑道上，她已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好犧牲一切。真題長難句OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack,andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything.(2016·江蘇高考)本句中MaximeusedtodowithShelly-Ann是定語從句，修飾先行詞thefirstthings，省略了關(guān)系代詞that。“體育”是高考?？荚掝}之一。我們的笑容，燦爛綻放；我們的依戀，溢出心房。讓心手相牽，讓鴿哨悠揚(yáng)，讓力量匯聚，讓智慧領(lǐng)航，神奇的奧林匹克之果已經(jīng)品嘗。超越，生命的奇跡，你已見證，你已分享；超越，讓夢想插上飛天的翅膀。超越自我，你的堅(jiān)韌感動上蒼；超越極限，你的精彩舉世無雙，讓世界灑滿和煦的陽光?？v觀歷年高考試題，此話題多在聽力、完形填空、閱讀理解、書面表達(dá)等題型中考查。一、話題與聽力[考題示例](2015·湖南高考)Conversation23．Howoftendoesthemanexerciseatthegym?A．Everyday. B．Everytwodays.C．Onceaweek.4．WherewillthetwospeakersmeetbeforedoingexercisethisFriday?A．Atthepark. B．Atthecafe.C．Atthecinema.[聽力原文]W：Hi,Sam.Ididn'tknowyouexercisedatthisgym.Doyoucomehereeveryday?M：Well,I'vebeenbusywithmyproject,butusually,Iexercisehereeverytwodays.Howaboutyou?W：Icomehereonceaweek,mostlyFridayorSaturday.M：Whydon'twemeetattheparkthisFridayafterwork?Wecanexercisetogetheratthegym,andthengoforadrinkoramovie.W：Soundsgood.[聽力答案]3.B4.A[關(guān)鍵詞句]1．coach教練員2．event體育項(xiàng)目3．spectator觀眾4．champion冠軍5．game/competition比賽6．stadium體育場7．volunteer志愿者8．concert音樂會9．musician音樂家10．theatre劇院11．cinema電影院12．culture文化13．program節(jié)目14．instrument樂器15．classical經(jīng)典的16．romantic浪漫的17．tennis網(wǎng)球18．basketball籃球19．takepartin參加20．formaband組建樂隊(duì)21．competein在……方面競爭22．Wewatchedthefootballmatchonlivetelevision.我們看了電視實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的足球賽。23．Inhissparetime,helikeslisteningtopopmusicandplayingcomputergames.在他的空余時(shí)間里，他喜歡聽流行音樂和玩電腦游戲。24．Whydon'ttheygotothecinema?他們?yōu)槭裁床蝗タ措娪埃?5．The2016OlympicGamesheldintheRiodeJaneiroturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.2016年在里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行的奧運(yùn)會是一屆成功的奧運(yùn)會。二、話題與語篇[考題示例](2017·北京高考閱讀A)[1]ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(發(fā)抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn'tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.[2]Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.“Paris'seyesrolledback，”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”[3]Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR？”[4]CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson'schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly.[5]Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn'tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor.[6]Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'sheartbeatreturned.[7]“IknowIwasreallylucky，”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon'tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”[8]ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.[9]Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow，”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”56．WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A．Shecaughtabadcold.B．Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C．Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D．Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.57．WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A．Shemadeaworthyfriend.B．Sherecoveredfromshock.C．ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D．Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A．Enthusiasticandkind.B．Courageousandcalm.C．Cooperativeandgenerous.D．Ambitiousandprofessional.[策略指導(dǎo)](一)這樣讀文第1步：宏觀把握文章大意分層抓關(guān)鍵句概括層意行文結(jié)構(gòu)第1～3段第1～3段畫波浪線部分女隊(duì)員Paris在打壘球過程中突發(fā)心力衰竭開端第4～7段第5～7段畫波浪線部分Taylor用心肺復(fù)蘇法實(shí)施救助，隊(duì)友也參入救助，最后成功挽救了Paris的生命詳述過程第8～9段第8～9段畫波浪線部分心肺復(fù)蘇法的重要性及其對Taylor的影響影響第2步：微觀突破理解障礙[嘗試翻譯]還有兩個(gè)隊(duì)員跑去找學(xué)校護(hù)士，護(hù)士帶來了除顫器——一種能震擊心臟讓其重新工作的電子器械。(二)這樣做題[名師解題]56．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選B根據(jù)第三段中的“Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.”可知，Paris突發(fā)心力衰竭。57．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。選C根據(jù)第五段中的“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.”以及第六段在隊(duì)友和學(xué)校護(hù)士的幫助下Paris的心跳恢復(fù)了(Paris'sheartbeatreturned)以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“Forasuddenheartfailure...doCPRquickly”可知，Paris得到了及時(shí)的心肺復(fù)蘇(CPR)救助。58．推理判斷題。選B根據(jù)第五段中的“Butwhennooneelsecameforward...betweenlifeanddeath，’saysTaylor.”和第六段中的“Taylor'sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.”可知，Taylor是一位勇敢、冷靜的女孩。[閱讀理解系列技法7]借助關(guān)鍵詞巧解推理判斷題有些推理判斷題只需要尋找與選項(xiàng)有邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞就可以推出正確答案。因此，解題時(shí)應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀試題，弄清要求和回答問題的角度，結(jié)合原文看是否有關(guān)鍵詞可以用來進(jìn)行推理判斷。例如第58題。根據(jù)第五段第四、五句中的關(guān)鍵詞、句“rantoParisandbegandoingCPR”“scary”，和第六段第一句中的關(guān)鍵詞“calmdown”可知，Taylor是一位勇敢、冷靜的女孩。(三)這樣積累1．stampvt.用腳踩踏2．emergencyn.緊急情況；突發(fā)事件3．scaryadj.使人驚慌的；膽小的；嚇人的4．survivaln.幸存，生存5．confidentadj.自信的6．pressuren.壓力eq\a\vs4\al([單元檢測·高考提能])單元檢測A——語言基礎(chǔ)扎根練＋閱讀理解提速練[語言基礎(chǔ)扎根練]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Weweredelayedattheairport.Otherwise(否則)wewouldhavebeenherebylunchtime.2．Assoonasshelearnstheofficeroutine(常規(guī)),shewillbeanexcellentassistant.3．Theonlytimethatweattempted(試圖)todosomethinglikethatwasinthecityofPhiladelphia.4．Hehadtied(系，拴)thedogtooneofthetreesnearthecanal.5．Assoonasthecakeisdone,remove(移開)itfromtheoven.6．Darwingeneralizedfrommanyfactstoreachhisideaabouttheorigin(起源)ofman.7．Formanyofus,thisistherighttimeoftheyearwecanreallyenjoytheoutdoors(戶外)．8．Theflightwillbeannouncedsoon.Meanwhile(在此期間),pleaseremainseated.9．Weareworkinginassociation(協(xié)會)withanumberoflocalcompaniestoraisemoneyforthehomeless.10．Goodmorning,ladiesandgentlemen.I'mhonoured(榮幸的)tohavethisopportunitytotalktoyou.11．Womenhavesignificant(significance)advantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygen.12．Iwasdelighted(delight)togetthesignatureofmyfavouritesportstar.13．Neverbeforehasourcountrybeensopowerful(power)asitistoday.14．(2016·江蘇高考滿分作文)Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthecompetition(compete),thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.15．Heisacarelessdriverandoftendrivesinanabs