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2023考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案解析(完整版)Section1UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Happypeopleworkdifferently.They’remoreproductive,morecreat(yī)ive,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence__1__firm’swork,too.Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.__2__,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking__3__(dá)formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinat(yī)ionforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould__5__(dá)thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.__7__enough,firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere__(dá)8__.Butisitreallyhappinessthat(yī)’slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities__9__(dá)whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious__(dá)10__thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales–andforindicatorsthataplacewas__11__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally__12__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors__13__to“l(fā)esscodifieddecisionmakingprocess”andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandless__14__managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”Therelationshipwas__15__(dá)strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore__16__.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.__(dá)17__thisdoesn’tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast__18__at(yī)that(yī)possibility.It’snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture.“Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand__20__R&Dmorethantheaverage,”saidoneresearcher.1.[A]why[B]where[C]how[D]when2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion3.[A]sufficient[B]famous[C]perfect[D]necessary4.[A]individualism[B]modernism[C]optimism[D]realism5.[A]echo[B]miss[C]spoil[D]change6.[A]imagined[B]measured[C]invented[D]assumed7.[A]Sure[B]Odd[C]Unfortunat(yī)e[D]Often8.[A]advertised[B]divided[C]overtaxed[D]headquartered9.[A]explain[B]overstat(yī)e[C]summarize[D]emphasize10.[A]stages[B]factors[C]levels[D]methods11.[A]desirable[B]sociable[C]reputable[D]reliable12.[A]resumed[B]held[C]emerged[D]broke13.[A]at(yī)tribute[B]assign[C]transfer[D]compare14.[A]serious[B]civilized[C]ambitious[D]experienced15.[A]thus[B]instead[C]also[D]never16.[A]rapidly[B]regularly[C]directly[D]equally17.[A]After[B]Until[C]While[D]Since18.[A]arrives[B]jumps[C]hints[D]strikes19.[A]shape[B]rediscover[C]simplify[D]share20.[A]prayfor[B]leantowards[C]giveaway[D]sendout1.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]how[考點(diǎn)分析]連詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,“新發(fā)現(xiàn)表白:快樂(lè)也許會(huì)影響工作__的穩(wěn)定。”[A]為什么[B]哪里[C]如何,多么[D]當(dāng)…時(shí)候。根據(jù)語(yǔ)義分析,C選項(xiàng)填入原文,譯為“快樂(lè)也許會(huì)影響工作是有多么穩(wěn)定”,C為對(duì)的選項(xiàng)。2.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]Inparticular[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義以及短語(yǔ)辨析[選項(xiàng)分析][A]反過(guò)來(lái)[B]特別是[C]相反[D]總的來(lái)說(shuō)根據(jù)前文語(yǔ)境,第二段第一句譯為“根據(jù)近期的研究,擁有更多快樂(lè)的人的公司會(huì)投資更多”。而第二句“_____(dá)__那些在快樂(lè)氛圍中的公司會(huì)做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展?!暗诙涫窃诘谝痪涞幕A(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明,因此B選項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)境規(guī)定。3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]necessary[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析][A]充足的[B]著名的[C]完美的[D]必要的一方面,根據(jù)本句題干“That(yī)’sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking3formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.”譯為“由于快樂(lè)與對(duì)未來(lái)投資有______長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮相聯(lián)系。”規(guī)定填寫形容詞,我們要考慮其搭配與其修飾成分。空格處搭配介詞for,并且修飾“長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮”。因此D選項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境規(guī)定。4.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]optimism[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析][A]個(gè)人主義[B]現(xiàn)代主義[C]樂(lè)觀主義[D]現(xiàn)實(shí)主義本題考察同后綴的名詞辨析。根據(jù)原文主旨,探討“happypeople”與公司的關(guān)系。那么,衡量四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有C選項(xiàng)符合主旨規(guī)定。5.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]change[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析][A]發(fā)出回聲[B]想念,錯(cuò)過(guò)[C]破壞[D]改變根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境,“would5thepaniesinvested.”本題考察動(dòng)賓搭配,賓語(yǔ)為“公司投資的方式”只有D選項(xiàng)搭配最為合理。6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]measured[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析][A]想象[B]衡量,測(cè)量[C]發(fā)明[D]假定,設(shè)想“SotheycomparedU.S.cities’averagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.”譯為“他們把蓋洛普征詢公司所___(dá)__的美國(guó)城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進(jìn)行對(duì)比?!备鶕?jù)原文語(yǔ)境,蓋洛普征詢公司所做的應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)“既定事實(shí)”所以排除ACD。因此,B選項(xiàng)為最佳選項(xiàng)。7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]Sure[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及固定搭配[選項(xiàng)分析][A]確信的[B]奇怪的[C]不幸運(yùn)的[D]經(jīng)常的本題為固定搭配“sureenough”譯為“足以肯定的是,”8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]headquartered[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析][A]廣告的[B]劃分的[C]課稅過(guò)重的[D]位于總部的根據(jù)原文“firms’investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere8.”譯為“足以肯定的是,公司投資與研發(fā)力度與公司____(dá)__的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)?!保閚which引導(dǎo)表達(dá)地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為area.對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),ABC局限性以說(shuō)明此地點(diǎn)的真實(shí)含義。因此,D選項(xiàng),搭配前文area,構(gòu)成“總部所在地”最為合理。9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]explain[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析][A]解釋[B]夸大[C]概述[D]重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)原文“…orouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities9whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?”A選項(xiàng)“explain”常和后文“why”搭配使用。10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]factors[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及名詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析][A]階段[B]因素[C]等級(jí)[D]方法根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境“Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious10that(yī)mightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest–likesize,industry,andsales…”本題中,破折號(hào)后面“大小,產(chǎn)業(yè),銷售”這些都是“讓公司有更多投資的”因素。因此,B選項(xiàng)最符合原文語(yǔ)境。11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]desirable[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義和形容詞[選項(xiàng)分析]該空填的是形容詞,用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞place,并且在意義上也是對(duì)后面likegrowthinwagesorpopulation的解釋,可以看出來(lái)應(yīng)當(dāng)是填褒義詞,并且能修飾place.所以只有[A]desirable合適的符合文章。[B]social社交的[C]reputable受尊敬的[D]reliable可依靠的。12.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]held[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]該句算是這一段的總結(jié)句,該段整體在描述幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系,而這一link就只能得出了,只有[B]held”得出”符合語(yǔ)境。Aresumed“重新開始”,Cemerge“浮現(xiàn)”,Dbroke“破壞”。13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]attribute[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及動(dòng)詞詞組辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]該空是一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所在地,動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)就是前面的主句,強(qiáng)調(diào)“幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系特別合用于新公司”這一結(jié)論與后面“所做決定會(huì)偏草率”之間的關(guān)系,能看出是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系,因此答案選擇[A]attribute與to搭配表達(dá)“歸因于……”,而[B]assignto表達(dá)“指派”[C]transferto“轉(zhuǎn)移到”[D]compareto“與……比較”均不符合題意。14.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]experienced[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及形容詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]此處很簡(jiǎn)樸,前面有一個(gè)并列連詞and,與前面的young一致修飾managers,強(qiáng)調(diào)新公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)年輕并缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn),只有[D]experienced最合適。15.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]also[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系以及副詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]前面說(shuō)到了“年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時(shí)更容易受情緒影響?!迸c后面的“這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂(lè)于投資那些相對(duì)快樂(lè)的員工所在的部門,而不是那些不快樂(lè)的部門?!敝g很明顯是一種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,所以只有[C]also合適?!保保?[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D]equally[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及副詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]這題是考察副詞修飾spread,但是更要注意的是該句“這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____(dá)的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂(lè)于投資那些相對(duì)快樂(lè)的員工所在的部門,而不是那些不快樂(lè)的部門。”中該空與后面的inequality形成復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系,所以很容易判斷出答案選擇[D]equally。17.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]while[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文邏輯關(guān)系[選項(xiàng)分析]該題是典型的考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系的題目,因此著力點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)放在上一段和這一段之間的關(guān)系。這一段第一句明確說(shuō)出“這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資……”,所以兩句話之間是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,選擇while.18.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C]hints[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]該題可以看出是考察動(dòng)詞與at的固定搭配,arriveat是“到達(dá),到達(dá)”,jumpat(yī)是“撲向;欣然接受”hintat是“暗示”strikeat是“襲擊,襲擊”,文章中的at(yī)least和that(yī)possibility論證了這是一種也許,只有hintat(yī)有這層含義。19.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A]shape[考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞義辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)上下文應(yīng)當(dāng)選一個(gè)“影響”未來(lái)見(jiàn)解含義的動(dòng)詞,[B]是“再發(fā)現(xiàn)”[C]是“使簡(jiǎn)化,使單純”[D]是“分享”所以可以均可以排除,A是“塑造,形成,影響”,所以A項(xiàng)是最佳答案。20.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B]leantowards[選項(xiàng)分析]上下文語(yǔ)義及動(dòng)詞詞組詞義辨析[考點(diǎn)分析]本空考察動(dòng)詞詞組,且該詞組詞義應(yīng)與and前面意思保持一致,且作用對(duì)象為研發(fā)。[A]prayfor祈禱[B]leantowards傾向[C]giveaway放棄,泄露[D]sendout放出,給予。只有[B]選項(xiàng)能表達(dá)一種遞進(jìn)含義。【全文翻譯】快樂(lè)的人工作起來(lái)會(huì)有不同。他們更多產(chǎn),更有發(fā)明力,也更樂(lè)意去冒險(xiǎn)。近期的一項(xiàng)研究表白快樂(lè)也也許會(huì)影響公司的工作。根據(jù)近期的研究報(bào)告,在各地的公司里,擁有更多快樂(lè)的員工會(huì)投入的更多。特別是那些在快樂(lè)氛圍中的公司會(huì)做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展。由于快樂(lè)與對(duì)未來(lái)投資有必要的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮相聯(lián)系。這是由于對(duì)未來(lái)進(jìn)行投資需要作出長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)決策,而這種決策與快樂(lè)相關(guān)。研究者希望了解樂(lè)觀精神和隨快樂(lè)而來(lái)的冒險(xiǎn)精神是否會(huì)改變公司投資的方式。因此,他們把蓋洛普征詢公司所評(píng)估出的美國(guó)城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進(jìn)行對(duì)比。足以肯定的是,公司投資和研發(fā)力度與公司總部所在地的幸福指數(shù)相關(guān)。但是幸福真的與投資相關(guān)嗎?或者說(shuō)幸福指數(shù)更高的城市的其他方面可以說(shuō)明公司為什么加大研發(fā)投入。為了弄清這一點(diǎn),研究者掌握了多種也許促使公司投資的因素,例如規(guī)模,產(chǎn)業(yè),銷售,也掌握了各種指標(biāo),如適宜居住地,工資漲幅及人口變化。了解這些問(wèn)題后,幸福與投資的關(guān)系就可以輕松得出了。幸福與投資之間的關(guān)系特別合用于新公司,這是由于新公司所做決定會(huì)偏草率,并且年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時(shí)更容易受情緒影響。同樣,這種關(guān)系在員工幸福指數(shù)相同的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂(lè)于投資那些相對(duì)快樂(lè)的員工所在的部門,而不是那些不快樂(lè)的部門。然而這并不證明是幸福導(dǎo)致公司大量投資,或者從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度來(lái)講,研究人員認(rèn)為至少它預(yù)示著這種也許性。不難想象,本地文化以及情感有助于影響高管對(duì)于未來(lái)的見(jiàn)解。“快樂(lè)的人比普通人有預(yù)見(jiàn)性、發(fā)明力、更善于研發(fā)這種說(shuō)法似乎更可信?!币晃谎芯空哒f(shuō)。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonA(yù)NSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1It’struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren’tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege.Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafteraferoductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon’sSchoolofComputerScience.However,Cortinasaid,earlyexposureisbeneficial.Whenyoungerputerscience,theylearnthatit’snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,ortesthypotheses.It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheircessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal.Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthgap,Cortinasaid.Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat’sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacaree(cuò)rchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but“wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey’reinterestedin,”saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon’tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe“RubyonRails”languagetheylearnedmaynotevenberelevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket.Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblemandorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,saidDeborahSee(cuò)horn,aneducationconsultantforthestateofNorthCarolina.Indee(cuò)d,theFlat(yī)ironstudentsmightnotgointoITat(yī)all.Butcreat(yī)ingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthat(yī)theyhavethepowertodothat(yī)—thebetter.21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto___(dá)_.A.completefuturejobtrainingB.remodelthewayofthinkingC.formulatelogicalhypothesesD.perfectartworkproduction22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,F(xiàn)latironhasconsideredtheir____(dá).A.experienceB.academicbackgroundsC.careerprospectsD.interest23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill____.A.helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguagesB.havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescomeC.nee(cuò)dimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobsD.enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto____.A.competewithafuturearmyofprogrammersB.staylongerintheinformat(yī)iontechnologyindustryC.becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworldD.bringforthinnovat(yī)ivecomputertechnologies25.Theword“coax”(Line4,Para.6)isclosestinmeaningto__(dá)__.A.challengeB.persuadeC.frightenD.misguide答案:Text121答案Bremodelthewayofthinking.解析:此題是文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina認(rèn)為盡早接觸計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)是有益的。第三句It’snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.譯為在轉(zhuǎn)變思維程序方面小孩不像年齡較大的學(xué)生同樣困難,即Bremodelthewayofthinking轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式即為同義替換。22答案Dinterest解析:此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引號(hào)里面內(nèi)容“我們?cè)噲D讓課程符合學(xué)生愛(ài)好”,故而Dinterest為對(duì)的答案。23答案Ahelpstudentslearnputerlanguages解析:文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。題干問(wèn)的是DeborahSeehorn認(rèn)為在Flat(yī)iron這里所學(xué)到的技能將能怎么樣,據(jù)此定位到第五段But處,和題干基本一致,該句指出“Buttheskillstheylearn…appltoanycodinglanguage”,意思是他們學(xué)到的技能可以應(yīng)用于任何編碼語(yǔ)言。對(duì)比答案選項(xiàng),A選項(xiàng)的意思是“幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)其他的計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言”屬于原文定位處的同義替換。24答案Cbecomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干指出:根據(jù)最后一段,Flatiron的學(xué)生被盼望去干什么。據(jù)此定位到最后一段的Thesekidsaregoingtobe處,是題干的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。定位句“Thesekidsare…besurroundedputersfortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink…….thebetter.”,意思是學(xué)生們?cè)皆鐚W(xué)越好。C選項(xiàng)“為數(shù)字化的未來(lái)做更好的準(zhǔn)備”是同義概述。25答案Bpersuade解析:詞義句意題,結(jié)合上下文來(lái)解題。根據(jù)coax此單詞,定位到最后一段最后一句“howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant”,考察固定搭配“persuade…into…”。A選項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn),B選項(xiàng)勸服,C選項(xiàng)使恐慌,D選項(xiàng)誤導(dǎo)??忌鲱}時(shí)一定要注意結(jié)合上下文來(lái)推測(cè)生詞的詞義,這是命題人的出題規(guī)律。Text2Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens---akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies’historicrange.ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService(USFWS)decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened.“Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,”saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas“endangered,”astatusthat(yī)givesfederalofficialsgreaterregulat(yī)orypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe“threatened”taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservat(yī)ionsapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborat(yī)ionswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththeprivat(yī)elandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken’shabitat.Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthat(yī)unintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange—widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat(yī).NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat(yī),USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),acoalitionofstat(yī)eagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet“states”remaininthedriver’sseatformanagingthespecies,”Ashesaid.Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoricSomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstat(yī)es,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourtNotsurprisingly,doesn’tgofarenough“Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,”saysbiologistJayLininger.26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis____[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage[C]adesperateappealfromsomebiologists[D]theinsistenceofprivatelandowners27.The“threat(yī)ened”tagdisappointedsomeenvironmentalistsinthatit__(dá)___[A]wasagive-intogovernmentalpressure[B]wouldinvolvefeweragenciesinaction[C]grantedlessfederalregulat(yī)orypower[D]wentagainstconservationpolicies28.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatunintentionalharm-doerswillnotbeprosecutedifthey_____[A]agreetopayasumfopensat(yī)ion[B]volunteertosetupanequallybighabitat(yī)[C]offertosupporttheWAFWAmonitoringjob[D]promisetoraisefundsforUSFWSoperations29.AccordingtoAshe,theleadingroleinmanagingthespeciesin______[A]thefederalgovernment[B]thewildlifeagencies[C]thelandowners[D]thestates30.JayLiningerwouldmostlikelysupport_______(dá)[A]industrygroups[B]thewin-winrhetoric[C]environmentalgroups[D]theplanunderchallenge26答案Aitsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation解析:此題是因素細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段But前后關(guān)于lesserprairiechickens數(shù)量2million和22,000的強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比。此外第二段第二句“thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituat(yī)ion”都可以得知Aitsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation數(shù)量的急劇下降為對(duì)的答案。27答案Cgrantedlessfederalregulatorypowers解析:此題是因素細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第四句,Theyhad…,astatethat(yī)givesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypower.而But之后是截然相反的事實(shí),即政府授予了更少的管理權(quán)。故而Cgrantedlessfederalregulatorypowers為對(duì)的答案。28答案Aagree(cuò)topayasumforcompensation解析:推斷題。題干問(wèn)的是從第三段推出來(lái):無(wú)意傷害的那些人是不會(huì)被檢舉的假如怎么樣。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段首句“itwouldnotprosecute….a(chǎn)slongas….”,題干中問(wèn)的if即原文的aslongas的批準(zhǔn)替換,原文aslongas的意思是:只要他們簽署了計(jì)劃。下一句說(shuō)道,該計(jì)劃規(guī)定個(gè)體和公司去支付基金。相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A選項(xiàng)“贊同支付補(bǔ)償”屬于同義替換。29答案Dthestates解析:此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段最后一句theideaistoletthe“stat(yī)es”remaininthedriver’sseat(yī)formanagingthespecies,Ashesaid.其中inthedriver’sseat相應(yīng)題干中的theleadingrole,故而Dstat(yī)es為對(duì)的答案。30答案Cenvironmentalgroups解析:文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。題干問(wèn)的是JayLininger最也許支持誰(shuí),大寫人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到:生物學(xué)家JayLininger說(shuō)道聯(lián)邦政府要把責(zé)任推給導(dǎo)致鳥類滅絕的公司,顯然是對(duì)政府和公司的反對(duì)。再往前看一句,指出:公司團(tuán)隊(duì)和政府部門觀點(diǎn)一致,環(huán)境學(xué)家與其觀點(diǎn)恰巧一致。因此,JayLininger最支持環(huán)境團(tuán)隊(duì)的觀點(diǎn)了。Text3Thateveryone’stoobusythesedaysisacliché.Butonespeplaintismadeespeciallymournfully:There’sneveranytimetoread.Whatmakestheproblemthornieristhattheusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient.Theweb’sfullofarticlesofferingtipsonmakingtimetoread:“GiveupTV”or“Carryabookwithyouat(yī)alltimes”Butinmyexperience,usingsuchmethodstofree(cuò)uptheodd30minutesdoesn’twork.Sitdowntoreadandtheflywheelofwork-relatedthoughtskeepsspinning-orelseyou’resoexhaustedthatachallengingbook’sthelastthingyouneed.Themodernmind,TimParks,anovelistandcritic,writes,“isoverwhelminglyinclinedtowardcommunication…Itisnotsimplythatoneisinterrupted;itisthatoneisactuallyincerruption”.Dee(cuò)preadingrequiresnotjusttime,butaspecialkindoftimewhichcan’tbeobtainedmerelybybecomingmoreefficient.Infact,“becomingmoreefficient”ispartoftheproblem.Thinkingoftimeasaresourcetobemaximisedmeansyouapproachitinstrumentally,judginganygivenmomentaswellspentonlyinsofarasitadvancesprogresstowardsomegoalimmersivereading,bycontrast,dependsonbeingwillingtoriskinefficiency,goallessness,eventime-wasting.Trytoslotitasato-dolistitemandyou’llmanageonlygoal-focusedreading-useful,sometimes,butnotthemostfulfillingkind.“Thefuturecomesat(yī)uslikeemptybottlesalonganunstoppableandnearlyinfiniteconveyorbelt,”writesGaryEberleinhisbookSacredTime,and“wefeelapressuretofillthesedifferent-sizedbottles(days,hours,minutes)astheypass,foriftheygetbywithoutbeingfilled,wewillhavewastedthem”.Nomind-setcouldbeworseforlosingyourselfinabook.Sowhatdoeswork?Perhapssurprisingly,schedulingregulartimesforreading.You’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,Eberlenotes,suchritualisticbehaviourhelpsus“stepoutsidetime’sflow”into“soultime”.Youcouldlimitdistractionsbyreadingonlyphysicalbooks,oronsingle-purposee-readers.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canactuallywork,too-providingyoudipinoftenenough,sothat(yī)readingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness,beforedroppingbackdown.Onareallygoodday,itnolongerfee(cuò)lsasifyou’re“makingtimetoread,”butjustreading,andmakingtimeforeverythingelse.31.Theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tworkbecause[A]whattheycanofferdoesnoteasethemodernmind[B]whatchallengingbooksdemandisrepetitivereading[C]whatpeopleoftenforgetiscarryingabookwiththem[D]whatdeepreadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed32.The“emptybottles”metaphorillustrat(yī)esthatpeoplefeelapressureto[A]updatetheirto-dolists[B]makepassingtimefulfilling[C]carrytheirplansthrough[D]pursuecarefreereading33.Eberlewouldagreethatschedulingregulartimesforreadinghelps[A]encouragethee(cuò)fficiencymind-set[B]developonlinereadinghabits[C]promoteritualisticreading[D]achieveimmersivereading34.“Carryabookwithyouatalltimes”canworkif[A]readingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday[B]allthedailybusinesshasbee(cuò)npromptlydealtwith[C]youareabletodropbacktobusinessafterreading[D]timecanbeevenlysplitforreadingandbusiness35.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe[A]HowtoEnjoyEasyReading[B]HowtoFindTimetoRead[C]HowtoSetReadingGoals[D]HowtoReadExtensively31答案Dwhatdee(cuò)preadingrequirescannotbeguaranteed.解析:因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干指出:傳統(tǒng)的時(shí)間管理方法不起作用的因素是什么。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段首句指出theusualtime-managementtechniquesdon’tseemsufficient,是題干的同義替換,但要找因素。整段都在分析過(guò)程環(huán)節(jié),最終因素必然在該段末句提到。直接定位到該段末句,指出進(jìn)一步閱讀不僅需要時(shí)間,并且是一種僅僅通過(guò)有效無(wú)法獲得的一種時(shí)間。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)D,進(jìn)一步閱讀所需的無(wú)法得到保證,是原文末句的同義替換。32答案Bmakepassingtimefulfilling解析:題干問(wèn)的是“emptybottles”暗喻證明了人們?cè)谧鍪裁捶矫嬗袎毫Γ澹恚餿ybottles直接可以在文中GaryEberle所說(shuō)的話中找到:“Theesatuslikeemptybottles…”。其所說(shuō)的話證明的目的必然是為了說(shuō)明前一句的觀點(diǎn)。因此,該題定位到三段“trytoslot…butnotthemostfulfillingkind”,該句就指出:只會(huì)解決目的集中的閱讀,這是有用的,但不是最有滿足感的。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B使流逝的時(shí)間更有滿足感,是原文的同義替換。33答案Dachieveimmersivereading解析:文中人物觀點(diǎn)題,注意區(qū)分文中人物觀點(diǎn)和作者觀點(diǎn)。題干問(wèn)的是Eberle贊同為閱讀設(shè)定規(guī)定性時(shí)間幫助什么。根據(jù)題干精擬定位到第四段第二句:“You’dthinkthismightfueltheefficiencymind-set,butinfact,E…..intosoultime”,意思是你會(huì)認(rèn)為這可以提高效率性思維設(shè)定,但事實(shí)上這些行為幫助我們跨入到靈魂閱讀時(shí)間。相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)D,獲得進(jìn)一步閱讀,屬于同義替換。34答案Areadingbecomesyourprimarybusinessoftheday解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干指出:總是帶一本書會(huì)起作用假如怎么樣。根據(jù)題干定位到末段中間部分“carryabookwithyouatalltimescanactuallywork,too…sothat(yī)readingbecomesthedefaultstatefromwhichyoutemporarilysurfacetotakecareofbusiness.”,意思是這樣的話閱讀就成為默認(rèn)狀態(tài),偶爾會(huì)出來(lái)管理工作(注意business并非默認(rèn)狀態(tài),非重要事情)。相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A閱讀成為天天的重要任務(wù),是該句的同義替換。35答案BHowtoFindTimetoRead解析:標(biāo)題題,即全文中心主旨。通過(guò)題干,可發(fā)現(xiàn)題干關(guān)鍵詞中time復(fù)現(xiàn)多次,因此可擬定time為全文的主題詞。整篇文章都圍繞閱讀時(shí)間來(lái)展開,因此對(duì)的答案為A如何尋找閱讀時(shí)間。Text4Againstabackdropofdrasticchangesineconomyandpopulationstructure,youngerAmericansaredrawinganew21st-centuryroadmaptosuccess,alatestpollhasfound.Acrossgenerationallines,Americanscontinuetoprizemanyofthesametraditionalmilestonesofasuccessfullife,includinggettingmarried,havingchildren,owningahome,andretiringintheirsixties.Butwhileyoungandoldmostlyagree(cuò)onwhatconstitutesthefinishlineofafulfillinglife,theyofferstrikinglydifferentpathsforreachingit.Youngpeoplewhoarestillgettingstartedinlifeweremorelikelythanolderadultstoprioritizepersonalfulfillmentintheirwork,tobelievetheywilladvancetheircareersmostbyregularlychangingjobs,tofavorcommunitieswithmorepublicservicesandafasterpaceoflife,toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren,andtomaintainthatchildrenarebestservedbytwoparentsworkingoutsidethehome,thesurveyfound.Fromcareertocommunityandfamily,thesecontrastssuggestthatintheaftermathofthesearingGreatRecession,thosejuststartingoutinlifearedefiningprioritiesandexpectationsthatwillincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspectsofAmericanlife,fromconsumerpreferencestohousingpat(yī)ternstopolitics.Youngandoldconvergeononekeypoint:Overwhelmingmajoritiesofbothgroupssaidtheybelieveitisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.Whileyoungerpeoplearesomewhatmoreoptimisticthantheireldersabouttheprospectsforthosestartingouttoday,bigmajoritiesinbothgroupsbelievethose“justgettingstartedinlife”faceat(yī)ougheragood-payingjob,startingafamily,managingdebt,andfindingaffordablehousing.PeteSchneiderconsiderstheclimbtoughertoday.Schneider,a27-yaear-oldautotechnicianfromtheChicagosuburbssayshestruggledtofindajobaftergraduatingfromcollege.Evennowthat(yī)heisworkingsteadily,hesaid.”Ican’taffordtopaymamonthlymortgagepaymentsonmyown,soIhavetorentroomsouttopeopletomarkthat(yī)happen.”Lookingback,heisstruckthathisparentscouldprovidefortablelifefortheirchildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.“Istillgrewupinanuppermiddle-classhomewithparentswhodidn’thavecollegedegrees,”Schneidersaid.“Idon’tthinkpeoplearecapableofthatanymore.”36.Onecross-generat(yī)ionmarkofasuccessfullifeis_____.[A]tryingoutdifferentlifestyles[B]havingafamilywithchildren[C]workingbeyondretirementage[D]settingupaprofitablebusiness37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatyoungpeopletendto____(dá).[A]favoraslowerlifepace[B]holdanoccupationlonger[C]attachimportancetopre-maritalfinance[D]giveprioritytochildcareoutsidethehome38.Theprioritiesandexpectationsdefinedbytheyoungwill____.[A]becomeincreasinglyclear[B]focusonmaterialisticissues[C]dependlargelyonpoliticalpreferences[D]reachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife39.Bothyoungandoldagreethat____.[A]good-payingjobsarelessavailable[B]theoldmademorelifeachievements[C]housingloanstodayareeasytoobtain[D]gettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSchneider?[A]Hefoundadreamjobaftergraduatingfromcollege.[B]Hisparentsbelieveworkingsteadilyisamustforsuccess.[C]Hisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree(cuò).[D]Hethinkshisjobasatechnicianquitechallenging.36答案Bhavingafamilywithchildren解析:此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段第一句Acrossgenerationallines,…includinggettingmarried,havingchildren…即成功的標(biāo)志涉及結(jié)婚生子,故而對(duì)的選項(xiàng)是Bhavingafamilywithchildren.37答案Cattachimportancetopre-maritalfinance解析:此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句Youngpeople…toagreethatcouplesshouldbefinanciallysecurebeforegettingmarriedorhavingchildren…即年輕人認(rèn)為夫妻在結(jié)婚前或者生小孩前應(yīng)當(dāng)在經(jīng)濟(jì)上是穩(wěn)定的,故而Cattachimportancetopre-maritalfinance為對(duì)的答案。38答案DreachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife解析:此題是細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段第一句…thosejuststarting…willincreasinglyspreadthroughvirtuallyallaspects…即這些期待即將滲透到美國(guó)生活的各個(gè)方面,故而DreachalmostallaspectsofAmericanlife為對(duì)的答案。39答案Dgettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung解析:此題是文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段第一句…itisharderforyoungpeopletodaytogetstartedinlifethanitwasforearliergenerations.即與年長(zhǎng)者相比,現(xiàn)如今的年輕人維持生計(jì)更加困難,故而Dgettingestablishedisharderfortheyoung為對(duì)的答案。40答案CHisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.解析:此題是正誤判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段第五句Lookingback…h(huán)isparentscouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthechildreneventhoughneitherhadcompletedcollegewhenhewasyoung.即父母即便沒(méi)有上過(guò)大學(xué)但依舊可認(rèn)為孩子提供舒適的生活,故而Hisparents’goodlifehaslittletodowithacollegedegree.為對(duì)的答案。PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.
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