2023年全國(guó)1月自考英語(yǔ)閱讀二試題和參考答案

全國(guó)20２3年1月自考《英語(yǔ)閱讀(二）》試題和參考答案課程代碼：00596所有題目用英文作答(翻譯題除外),請(qǐng)將答案填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上I.ReａｄingComprehｅｎsion（５0ｐｏｉｎts,２poｉnｔsｆoreaｃh)Dｉrections:Ｉｎthｉspartoftｈeｔest,theｒearｅfivｅｐassaｇes.Followingｅａchｐassage，thｅreａrefiveqｕesｔｉoｎsｗｉthfourchoｉcesｍarkｅｄA,Ｂ,CaｎdD.ＣhoosethｅbestａｎsweｒandthｅnwritethecoｒreｓpoｎdinｇｌｅｔteronyoｕrAnsweｒＳheet．PaｓsagｅＯneTheｏver-6０popuｌａt(yī)ionisｇｒowingfaｓｔertｈanaｎｙoｔhｅrａgegrouｐ.Bｅtweｅn19５0anｄ2050itiseｘｐｅctedｔoincrｅaｓefｒom2００ｍilｌｉoｎto2biｌlioｎ．Ａｓｔhenuｍberofoｌderｐersonsiｎcreaseｓ，soｗｉlltｈeneedtｏｅnsuretheｉｒsociaｌiｎclusion，ｂasedｏnanｉnｃoｍｅfromdｅcenｔｗｏrkoｒreｔireｍｅntaｎｄａchａncetopａrｔicipateincommuniｔylｉfeｔhｒoｕgheｍploymｅnt,voｌuntｅe(cuò)ｒwｏｒkorotｈeraｃtivities.AcｃｏrｄｉngｔoｔheIｎｔernatiｏnalLabourOrganization,“decｅntwork”isworｋthatｍeｅｔsｐeoｐle’sbasｉcaspiｒatｉons,notoｎlｙforincome,bｕｔａｌsofｏｒsｅｃurｉtyfｏrthｅmsｅlｖesanｄthｅirfaｍilies,iｎaworkｉngenviｒonmentｔhatｉssaｆe.Deｃenｔwoｒｋｔreaｔsｍenａnｄwoｍenｅｑually，witｈoｕｔdiscrimｉｎatiｏnorｈaraｓｓment．Finaｌly,dｅcenｔｗorｋｐrｏvideｓsociaｌsecuｒityandiscaｒrｉedｏｕtiｎconditｉｏｎsoffreｅdoｍａｎdhｕmandｉｇnity.Butｔhereａreover1．２bilｌionpeｏpｌeiｎtheｗorｌdwholiveonanｉncomｅofｌessthａn$1aday,andanothｅrbｉllｉｏnｗhoｌivｅonlesstｈａn$２adａｙ．Theylivｅhandtｏmoｕｔｈ,ｄaｙtｏday，anddonｏthaveenougｈinｃomｅｔosupporttheｉrdaiｌyexｉstence—muchｌesｓpuｔsomｅtｈiｎgasidｅforretｉrement.Ｉnmostdevelｏpingｃountriesretireｍｅntisaｌuxuryｆｅwｏlderpeopleｃaｎａffoｒd．Eｖenindeveｌｏpedcouｎｔriｅssoｍehaｒdwoｒkiｎgpeoplｅwilｌnotｈaveenoughtoliveｏnｒetiremenｔ.Mａｎywomen—paidlessthaｎｍen，workinｇｍoreathometｈanmｅｎ，andwｏｒkｉngmoｒｅinforｍallyｔhanmｅn—ｍａynｏtbｅｒeadyoｒabｌetoｒestat65.Bｙtrａdｉｔion,ａt(yī)leａstinｄevelopｅdcountrｉes,tｈeｒeisａchangeinrolｅsａsｏnemovesfromacｔiveｍiddｌeyｅａrsiｎto“gentlｅ”anｄ“enjoｙabｌe”ｒetiremｅnt．Thisｃhaｎgeinroleshasｂeeｎviewedbｙthepublic,bygｏｖernｍentanｄbｙbusiness,asaｔrａnｓiｔｉonｆrｏmａprodｕｃtivetimeoｆlｉfｅｔｏonｅｔｈatiｓunｐｒoductiveaｎｄdeｐendeｎｔ.Ｂｕｔtoｄaymoｒethａnｅvｅr，tｈisｉsnｏttｒue.Mｏsｔｏｌderpｅoｐledonotwｉthdrａwfromsociｅｔy.Instｅad,thｅycontinｕeｔｏｃoｎtｒibutetotheｉｒhouseholds,ｔothｅｉｒdesｃｅnｄａntsandtotｈeircoｍｍuniｔies,aｌtｈoｕghtｈeｉｒｃｏntriｂuｔｉｏnmaynotbepaiｄemｐｌoymｅnt．Ｉnsteadｏducｉnｇgoodsorservicｅs—tｈetraditionalecｏnoｍicmodｅl“producｔs”-oldeｒｐeｒsoｎsmayconｔｒibuteａ“prodｕct”thaｔhasｖａluetoｓｏciety,suchａｓcarｉｎgforchildren,cａringforotheroｌderpersons,carinｇfortheoｌdesｔold,pｒovidｉngcommunitｙleadership,mｅｎｔoriｎgorｂｅinganｅffectｉvｅrｏｌeｍodｅl．Buｔｉnsｐiｔeoｆtheiｒｓｉgniｆｉｃaｎthumaｎandeｃonoｍicbｅnefits,sucｈcoｎtｒibutioｎshａvenotbｅe(cuò)nｆigureｄiｎtｏaneｃonomy’sｇroｓsnaｔiｏnａlprｏduct.Aｎdｔhｅyhavenｏｔbeenapprｏprｉatｅlｙvａlued.Ovｅｒｔheｐastseｖerａldecａｄes,mostinｄustｒiａlｉzedｃoｕntrｉｅshaveexperiｅncedａsubｓtantiaｌdropｉntheａｖerageaｇeaｔｗhiｃhｉndivｉdｕalsrｅｔiｒｅfromtｈelａbourmarket.Loｎgeｒliｆｅe(cuò)xpectancyａndｂｅtterｈealtｈhaｖenotbeenaccompaｎｉedｂylongｅrｗoｒkｉnｇliｖeｓ.Aｓaｃonsｅquence，thesｅcounｔriｅｓareｆaｃingｓｅrｉoｕsｃｏnceｒnｓabｏutｔheｖiabiｌiｔyofｓoｃｉalsecuｒｉtyｓyｓtems.Akeycｈallｅngeｆorｔheｓecountｒｉeｓistｏmｉtigateｔheeffectsofadrｏpintheｗoｒkingａgeｐｏpｕlatｉｏnbyincrｅaｓinｇanｄprolｏnｇiｎgthｅparticipａt(yī)ioｎofolｄerpｅopleiｎｔhｅｌabｏurmarkeｔ.Quｅstioｎs１-5ａrｅbａsedｏnPaｓｓａgｅOｎe.1.Tｈeteｒm“sｏciａｌｉnｃluｓiｏn”(ｉnPaｒａ.1)heremeans＿_(dá)____．A.ｈavｉｎgdecｅnｔｗork??? ?Ｂ.beｉngequａliｎｊoｂsＣ．hａvingdecｅntｉncome? D．bｅｉｎｇpｒoductｉｖｅinlife２.ItisimplieｄiｎPaｒagraph2ｔhａｔ___＿_(dá)_．A.peopｌｅinrichcｏuｎtriesｃanenjoｙlｕｘuryretiｒeｍentB．womｅnifhａrdworkingｃanｏbtaindecenｔrｅtｉrｅmentC.ｗomenｉｎｉnformaｌｗorkarefreeｔoｃhoｏsewhentoｒetiｒｅD.pｅoｐleiｎpｏorcountrieshavenosociaｌseｃuritｙprｏteｃtioｎ３．Tｈeｓentence“Buttｏdａymorｅthanever，tｈisisnｏtｔrue．”(iｎＰara.３)ｍeanｓ___＿_(dá)_.Ａ.elderpeopｌeusｅdｔobeｄependeｎtＢ.ｅlｄｅrｐeoｐleｕｓｅdtoeｎjoyretｉrementC.eｌdeｒpeoplenoｗdonotwanｔｔorｅtｉrefromｔheｉrworkD.ｅlderｐｅopleｎowｄoｎotwａnttobｅcｕｔｏｆffromsｏciety４．Ｔomｅe(cuò)ｔthechallengｅｏffｉｎanciｎgsociａlsecuriｔｙ，ｔhｅgｏｖerｎｍentｉndevelopedcountrｉｅｓnｅe(cuò)dsto____＿＿．A.providemorｅｆlｅxiblｅｃhｏiｃeforrｅtirementB.persuadｅe(cuò)ldｅｒpｅｏｐleｔopostponerｅtｉrｅmｅnｔC．promoｔeunpaｉｄｅｍploｙmｅntＤ．reforｍsocｉalｓecuritｙsysteｍ５.Thewritｅrintheｐasｓａgemaiｎlｙｗａｎｔstoexpｒessthａｔｅｌdeｒｐeｏpｌewoｕlｄ__＿_(dá)__.A.ｈaｖeanｅnjoyａblerｅｔiｒement Ｂ.proｌongtｈeiｒｐroductivｅlife(2.haveamorｅhealtｈｙlifｅ ?Ｄ．pｒolonｇｔｈeirｗorｋlifｅPasｓａgｅＴwoBecａuｓesｐｅｅchisthｅmostｃonvｅｎientfｏrmｏfcｏmmunicatioｎ，intｈeｆuｔuｒewewantｅssentｉallynaturalｃonveｒsatiｏｎswithcｏmputｅｒs.Thepriｍarｙｐｏintofconｔaｃtwillbeａsimplｅｄeｖｉcｅthａt(yī)willａｃtasｏurwindｏwontheworld．Ｉtwillhaｖetoｂｅsmallenoughtooyoｕｒpocket,sotherewｉｌlbeａsｃreｅnbuｔnｏkeyｂoarｄ:youwillsimｐlyｔａlktoit.TｈedｅvicewillbeｐermaｎentlyconnectedtｏtheInterｎｅtanｄwilｌbeeprｅleｖantiｎformａt(yī)ioｎuptoｙouasｉtcomｅsin．Suchｄeviceswｉllｅvolｖenａｔuraｌlyintｈenextfivｅｔｏｔenｙearｓ.Justhowquicklypｅｏｐlｅwillａｄａpttoａｖoｉcｅ-bａsedIｎterneｔwoｒldisｕnｃerｔaｉn．Ｍanybelieｖethat，initiallyatleast,ｗeｗillneｅdsiｍiｌaｒｃonｖentioｎｓforｔhｅvoicetothｏｓeｗｅuseａｔpreｓentoｎscｒｅｅn:cｌick,ｂacｋ，forward,andsoｏｎ.BｕtsoonyouｗiｌlundoubtedｌybeabｌeｔoｉntｅrａctbｙvoiｃewiｔhalltｈoｓeＩT－basedserviceｓyoucｕrreｎtｌｙｃoｎｎeｃtｗithｏveｒtheInteｒnｅtbymeansｏfakeｙｂoaｒd.TｈiswilｌhelptheIｎteｒnetｓerｖetheｅntirepoｐulatiｏｎ，notjusttｅcｈno－ｆreａks．Chaｎgｅslikeｔhiｓｗillｅncompａsｓthewhoｌewoｒｌd．BecauseEnglｉshiｓthelanguａgeofｓｃienｃe,ｂablｙremａｉnthelanｇuagｅｔoｗhichtｈetechnｏlogｙismｏstadvaｎceｄ,butmostｓｐeｅch-recｏgnitｉｏnｔｅｃhniquｅsａｒｅｔrａｎsfｅraｂlｅtootｈerlangｕagｅsｐrｏvideｄtherｅissuffｉcｉｅntmotivaｔｉontｏuｎdertaｋｅtｈework.Ofｃourse,inａnylanguagetheｒｅaｒesｔillhuｇeｐrobｌemsfoｒustoｓolvｅ.Carefullydｉctated,cleａｒｓｐｅｅchｃannowbeunderｓtoｏdｂycomputersｗitｈｏnlya４-5peｒcentｅｒrorrate,ｂutevenstatｅ-of-thｅ-arttechnologystｉllｒecords3０-40percｅntｅrrorswiｔhspontaneousspｅe(cuò)ｃh．Withinｔenｙearswewillｈavｅｃomｐutｅrｓthatrｅsponｄtogoal-ｄiｒeｃtedcｏｎversation,butfoｒａcompuｔerｔohaｖeaconvｅrsatiｏntｈａt(yī)takesiｎtoaｃcouｎthｕmansocｉalｂehaviorisproｂabｌy50yearsoff．Wｅ’renotｇoiｎgｔobechatｔinｇtｏthebiｇscreeｎｉｎthelivingrｏｏmｊusｔyet.Iｎthepastiｎsufficientspｅｅdanｄｍｅmoryhavｅhｅlｄｕsback,ｂuｔthｅsedaysthｅy’rｅｌessofanｉssue.Hｏｗever,ｔhereａretｈoseiｎｔｈeITcoｍmｕniｔywhoｂelievethａｔcｕｒｒeｎtｔechniｑｕesｗilｌeventualｌyｈｉｔabrｉckｗalｌ.Persoｎaｌly,Ｉｂｅlievetｈａt(yī)inｃreｍenｔaldｅvelｏpmenｔsinpeｒforｍanceareｍorｅｌikely.Buｔit’sｔruetｈatｂyaｂout2040orso，comｐuｔerarchitectureｓwillｎｅe(cuò)dtoｂecoｍeｈighlyparａｌｌeｌifｐerｆormaｎceistｏkｅe(cuò)piｎｃreａsing.Perhapsthatwｉllinspireｓomeｒadiｃａllyｎeｗapｐｒoachｅstospeechunderstandingthａｔwillsｕpplantthemeｔhoｄswe’reｄｅvelｏｐｉngｎｏｗ.Quesｔｉons6－10ａreｂaｓedonＰaｓsageＴwo.6.Havingnaturａlcｏnversaｔionｓwiｔhｃomputersimｐｌiesｔputeｒｓwｉlｌbｅablｅto_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá).Ａ.maｋｅarｔｉficiａlｓpｅe(cuò)cｈB.connｅｃｔpeopleｏntｏtheInterｎeｔC．keeprelevantinfｏrmａｔionD.iｎｔｅｒactwithpeopleｏｎthescｒeeｎ７.Thｅworｄ“coｎventiｏｎs”inParagraph２ｍeans＿_(dá)____.A.wayｓB．ｔraditioｎsC.cｕstomsD．sｏlutions8.Tｏlｅtalｌpｅoｐleaｄapttoavｏｉce-baseｄworld，opeｒationproceduresｆorconveｒｓiｎgｗithｃｏｍputerssｈoulｄbe__＿＿_(dá)_．A.laｎguaｇｅtrａnｓｆｅraｂle ?Ｂ.errorｆree(2.technocompatiｂlｅ ? ?Ｄ．userfrienｄlｙ9．ＴhelastsenｔenceinPａragｒapｈ４mｅans__＿_(dá)__.A.agｏal－directeｄcｏnverｓationisonｔhewayｔocomplｅtioｎB．peoplehａvenodｅｓiｒetotalktoscreensintｈelｉｖingrooｍC.nａt(yī)ｕraｌｃｏnverｓatｉonwithｃomputersｉsaloｎｇwａytogoD．othergoal-direcｔedcoｎｖersationsseemｔobｅimpossiｂlｅ1０.ThewriterａndｔhoseinITｃommunｉtyｆｅe(cuò)lthｅrｅｗilｌnｅe(cuò)da(ａｎ)______overtheｄeｖｅlｏpｍｅｎtoｆｓｐeeｃh-recoｇｎitiontｅchｎiqueｓ.A.step－ｂy-steｐimprovｅmｅｎｔ Ｂ．uｐdatedｐerforｍanceC．raｐidchaｎｇeｉｎsｐｅｅd ?D.comｐletｅlｙnｅwｉnnoｖａt(yī)ionPassageTｈｒeeWhensｈｅrｅｔｕrｎeｄｈoｍｅafteraｙearinSouthAｍerica,JuｄｉtｈMartｉｎ，aNｏrthＡmｅrｉcaｎwｒitｅr,ｂeｇａｎtｏhaveaproblem.Peoｐlｅkｅpｔinｔerpreｔｉngheｒbehaviorasflｉｒtatｉous，butshewasｎoｔfｌｉrｔiｎｇ.Faｉrlysｏonｓhｅfigｕｒedouｔwｈａt(yī)ｗashappenｉng.ＷｈｅnｍｏstSouｔhAmｅrｉcanstalkｔoeachｏtheｒfａｃe-ｔo－faｃe,tｈｅystaｎdｃｌoｓeｒtogetheｒtｈaｎdoNoｒthAmeriｃans.MartiｎhadnｏtreadｊusｔeｄｔoNoｒthAｍeriｃａndistances.Ａｐparｅntly,ｓhｅhａdfｏｒgoｔtｅｎaboutthｅpｈenoｍｅnoｎknownaｓpｅrsonalｓpacｅ—theamｏuｎtofpｈysicaｌdistanｃeｐｅoplｅe(cuò)ｘpectduringsｏciａｌｉnｔeｒactiｏn.Eｖｅｒｙｏneｈaｓｅxｐectatiｏnsconcerningtheuｓeofpｅrｓonａlspaｃe，bｕtaccepteddistａncesforthａt(yī)ｓpaceareｄeteｒminｅdbｙeａcｈpｅrsｏｎ’sｃulture.Oｂservatioｎsabｏutpersoｎａlｓｐａcebｅganabouttwｅｎｔｙyeaｒsago.ＡｎthｒopoloｇｉｓｔEdwａｒdＴ.Hallwasapioｎｅe(cuò)riｎｔｈefieｌｄ.Hebecameｖeryinteｒesteｄinhoｗiｎterperｓonａｌdiｓtanceｓaｆfeｃtｅdｃomｍｕnicatiｏnbetｗeenpeople.ＩnhisｂookTｈｅHiｄdｅｎDimenｓｉon,Ｈａllｃoinedｔhewｏrd“prｏxｅmｉcs”todesｃribepｅｏｐｌe’suｓｅｏfｓｐaceasameaｎsｏfcoｍｍｕｎicaｔioｎ.AsＨalｌ’sbｏoktｉtleindicatｅs,mostpeoｐlearｅunａwａrethatiｎｔerpｅrsonaｌdｉｓtａnｃesexistanｄｃontribuｔｅtoｐｅople’sreactionsｔoｏneanotｈer.Pｅｒsonａlｓｐacedepｅｎｄsｏninｖisibｌebouｎdaｒｉes．Tｈoseboundａｒieｓmovewiｔhpｅｏpleastheｙinteract.Personalｓpaｃeｇｅtslaｒgerorsｍalｌerdepｅndｉｎｇonthｅciｒcｕｍstancesoｆthesｏｃiａlｉnteractｉonａt(yī)anｙｍomｅnt.Peｏpledonoｔlikeaｎyｏｎetotrｅspaｓsontｈeirpersoｎａlｓpacｅ.ＡsWｏrｃheｌａｎdCooｐereｘｐlaiｎ,invaｓionsｏｆｐersｏnaｌspaｃeelicitnegａt(yī)iverｅactionsthatｒａｎgeｆrommilddiｓｃomforttoretaliatioｎtowａｌｋinｇoutoｎtｈeｓituatiｏn．ＲesearcheｒｓworｋｉnｇwitｈHalｌ’sｄaｔafoｕｎdthatａccｅｐｔedｉｎteｒpｅｒsｏnaldｉｓtancesinthｅUnitedStａt(yī)esalｓoｄependｏnothｅｒｆactors.Ｆorｅxample,ｓuｂcｕltureｓhelpｄｅｔermineｅｘpectaｔｉoｎsconcerningpersonaｌspace.Fiｓhｅr,Bell，aｎdBaｕmreｐorttｈａt(yī)groｕpｓofHispａnic-AmerｉcanｓｇenerａｌeracｔmoreclｏｓelyｗiｔhｉnｔｈeｉrsubcｕlturｅthaｎＡnglo-Aｍｅｒicaｎsｄowiｔhintheirs.Thｅyfurtherexplainｔｈａt(yī)ingｅneｒalｓubculturaｌgroupsｔeｎdtoｉntｅracｔａt(yī)ｃloｓeｒdｉstanｃeswithmembeｒｓｏftｈeiｒoｗnsuｂcultuｒethanｗｉthnｏnmemｂｅrs.Ageａlsoaｆfeｃtshowpeopleuseｐｅrsoｎalｓpaｃe．Ｗo(hù)rｃhelaｎｄＣｏoperrｅｐｏｒｔthatNortｈAmerｉcanchildreｎseeｍunawareofboundariesfoｒｐersonalspaceuntｉｌtheagｅoffourorfiｖe．Asthｅchｉldreｎｇeｔｏｌdeｒtｈeybecoｍemoreawareofstandardsfｏrperｓonａlspａce.Bytheｔimetheyreacｈpuｂｅrtｙ，tｈeｙｈavecoｍpleteｌyadaｐtedtｏtheirｃｕlturｅ’sｓｔaｎdaｒdsforｉntｅrperｓｏｎaｌｄistaｎces．Ｇenderａlsoinflueｎceｓpeｏｐle’sｕｓeｏｆperｓonalspace.Fｏrexaｍple,NorthAｍeｒiｃanmalｅs’mostneｇａt(yī)ｉvｅreaｃtioｎisｒeservｅｄfoｒanyoｎewｈｏenterstｈｅirpersｏnａｌｓpａcedｉｒectlyｉnｆrontoｆtｈeｍ.Ｆemａles,onｔheｏｔhｅrhand,fｅe(cuò)lｍostneｇａt(yī)iｖeabｏutａｐproaｃｈesfｒomtｈeside.Aｌso，femalｅｓhavesmalleｒinterｐerｓｏnａldisｔancesｔｈandomales，althｏughpaiｒsｏｆtｈesameｓexcｏmｍｕniｃateａcrosslargerｓpaｃesthａｎdopairsｏｆmａlｅsandfemales.Thｅgenderfactoｒshiftｓ,ｈｏwｅvｅｒ,inhigｈ-ｄeｎsitysｉｔuatｉｏnssuchaｓcrowdedｓubｗaysoreｌeｖａt(yī)orsｉnthｅUｎitedStａｔes.AsＭaineｓobｓerveｓ,whenpeoplｅhavｅｓomｅchoiceabouｔwheretｈeｙstandorsitiｎcrｏwdeｄｓeｔtings，theyｇravitaｔｅtopeｏpleoｆthｅsａmｅｓeｘ．Asiｎternationaltrａｖeｌａndcｏmｍercｅiｎcｒease，interculｔｕｒalcontaｃtｉsｂecｏmingｃｏmｍｏｎｐｌａce.Soon,ｐerhaps,culｔuｒaｌｖariationsiｎexpectationsfoｒｐｅrsｏnalｓｐａcｅwilｌbeａsfaｍilｉaｒtoeveｒyｏnｅaｓarecultｕｒalｖariatioｎsinfoodanddｒｅｓｓ.Untilthen,peｏplｅneｅdtoｍakeａｓｐeciａlｅｆforttolearnoｎeanｏther’sexpｅctatiｏnsｃonｃerningｐerｓonａlspace.Onceｐeｏplearesensiｔiveｔosuｃhmａｔｔeｒｓ,ｔｈeｙcanｓtopthemsｅlvｅsｆrｏmtakingthｅwronｇｓｔｅｐ:ｅitheｒawayfroｍｏrtowaｒdapersonfromanothercｕlture.Questiｏns11-15ａrebａsedonPａssageThree.11.JｕdｉtｈMartin’sexperｉencｅtｅllsthaｔiｎtｅrpeｒｓonaldｉｓｔaｎceiｎｓoｃｉalｉntｅｒaｃtｉonisdetermiｎｅdｂy__＿_(dá)＿_(dá).A.peｒｓｏｎaｌpreｆerence? B.cuｌturalｂackgrouｎｄC.locａt(yī)ion?? Ｄ．ｒaｃｅ１２.AccoｒｄingｔoHaｌｌ，pｅｒsonalspaｃeｉnｓｏciａlｉnterａctioniｓused____＿＿.A.cｏｎscｉｏｕsly? B．favorａｂlyC．ｕnconsciｏｕsｌy ?? D．unfａvorablｙ１3.Beingunawareｏfｉnｔeｒpeｒsｏnａldistanceｉncommunｉcａt(yī)ionmaylｅadtothefollｏwiｎgEXCEPT＿＿_(dá)___.A.diｓcomforｔ???B.ｒｅｔaliａｔionC.aｂｒeakdｏｗn ?D．a(chǎn)ｎintｅractiｏn１4.ＡｃcepｔeｄinterpｅrsonａldistancｅinｔｈｅUSisbeｔｔｅrshownａmoｎg＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)_.A.suｂcｕlturalｇroupｓ ?? Ｂ.agegroupsＣ．subregionalgrouｐs?? D.gｅndergrouｐs15.Ｋnoｗlｅｄgｅoｆｃulturalｖariａt(yī)ionｓｉnpｅｒsonaｌsｐaceｉncoｍmunｉcatiｏnisｍoｓtｉmpoｒtaｎtnowｉn______.A.cｕlｔｕｒaｌdiｆferｅnceｓＢ.goodcoｍmuｎｉcationC.enjｏｙinｇforeｉgnfood??D.inｔeｒpｅrsonalreｌationshiｐPassageＦoｕrＷhｅnyoustopaｎｄthiｎkaboutyourｈiｇhschｏoｌoｒcollｅｇeaｌｍamaｔer,ａｒｅyｏｕrexperieｎcesｍoreposiｔiveornegatiｖｅ?Doyoｕrｆeｅｌｉnｇsofsuccessorｆａilureintｈatschｏolｈａveａｎyｔhingtoｄｏｗithwhetｈｅrornoｔyoｕrsｃhoolwaｓsｉｎgｌe-seｘorco－ed?ＭoreaｎdmoreAmｅricansareｅlecｔｉngtｏsｅｎｄtheirchｉldｒentosinglｅ－sexｓchｏｏlｓbeｃaｕｓeｔheyｆｅｅlboｔｈboｙsandｇｉrlsblossoｍｗhentheyｓtuｄyinthｅcompanyofstudeｎtｓoｆthesameｓex.Thｅytenｄtoachievｅmoｒｅ.Foryeａｒs，onlyparentｓｗhocouldａfｆordtosendtheiｒchilｄｒenｔopriｖａt(yī)escｈｏｏｌs，orwｈohaｄsｔroｎgreligioｕsorcultｕrａlreasoｎs,cｈoｓeｓiｎｇle-sｅxｅdｕｃaｔｉonｆortheirchｉｌdrｅn.Today，ｈowｅｖｅｒ,ａloｎｇwithｃostlypｒivateｓｃｈools，publｉcｓchoolsａrｅe(cuò)ｘperimｅｎtiｎgｗiｔhtheideaｏfsepaｒａt(yī)inｇtheｓexes.Howeveｒ,becaｕsｅpubｌicｓchｏolsareｎotaｌloｗedｔｏdｉｓｃrｉｍiｎateｏnｔhebａsｉｓｏfsex,theyhavebｅe(cuò)nｄenｉedｆｅderalsｕpｐoｒｔ.Giｒlsｍayｂetheoneswhobｅnefitmoｓtfｒomsｉngle-sｅxschooliｎg.Studｉeｓｈａveｓhowｎtｈaｔmanｙgｉｒlsｇｅtｓhortchaｎgｅｄｉｎco-eｄclassｒｏomsbeｃaｕsｅteacherssoｍetｉmｅspａｙmoreatteｎtioｎtoｂoｙs．Girls’positive，exubｅraｎtaｔｔitudetｏｗardtheirstudieｓtendstodisａｐpearasｔheybeginｔoｆeellｅsｓsuccessfｕl.Theysｔaｒttｏwatchthｅｉrｍａlepeｅrsoutpeｒfｏrmｔhｅmiｎmａt(yī)hａnｄsciｅnce.Asｂoysbｅginｔogａinconｆidenｃe,girlsstａrtｔolｏｓeiｔ.Moｒeover，adolｅsｃencｅissｕchａｆragileｔｉmefｏｒgirls.Astheｙeｘｐerｉenceadoleｓcenｔｃhanges,somｅgｉrlsbeｃomeｄｅｐresseｄ，develoｐanaｄdictｉon，ｏrsuffｅrfromaｎobsesｓionwithweight．Ｉnｔhｅe(cuò)aｒly1９9０s，thｅAmｅricanAssｏciationoｆUnｉｖｅｒｓityＷo(hù)mｅｎ(AAUW)conｃｌｕdedtｈatｂeｉｎginsｉnｇle－sexclassescoulｄraiseagｉｒl’sself-esｔeｅm.Schoｏlsacｒossｔheｃｏuntrybegancreatiｎｇsingle－sｅxclassrｏomsａndschoolｓ.Ｂuｔinaｌａt(yī)ｅrreport，thatsaｍeorganｉｚationｃouldｎoｌongｅrsuｐpｏrttｈecｌaimtｈatgｉrlspｅrｆormｅdｂeｔtｅrwithoutbｏｙsｉｎtｈｅclａｓsrｏoｍ.Ｉnadｄition，maｎycｒiticsclaimthatａｌl－ｆemaｌeｓchoolsｍayａcｔuaｌlybehaｒmfultoagirl’sedｕcatiｏnｂecａusethey“reinforceregｒｅssiｖenotｉonsofsexｄifferences.”Ｔheｒｅnｅwｅdinｔeｒestinsiｎgle－seｘscｈｏolinｇhａｓfoｓteredａcontｒoversyａmongAmeｒicanｓ.Tｈosｅｗhｏｇiveitfuｌlｓupportbeｌievegiｒl’sneedanaｌl-ｆemａｌｅe(cuò)nvironmentｔotaｋｅrisksandfindthｅiｒownvoiｃes,proclaimiｎgｔhａt(yī)thｅｙ’re“bettｅrdeadthancｏ-ｅd.”Thosewｈｏqｕesｔiｏｎthevalidityｏｆｓingle-sexｓchｏoliｎgwｏndｅｒwｈetherstｕｄents'ｌackofachieｖementwaｒraｎｔsreturｎiｎｇtoａｎedｕｃationalｓystemｔhａt(yī)dｉvidｅsthｅsexes.Ｔhｅybelｉevethｅreisnosuchthiｎgasｓeparatebuteqｕal．Quesｔiｏｎs16－20areｂaｓｅdonPａssａｇｅＦｏur.1６．Itcanbｅlｅａrnedｆromthｅpassagetｈaｔsiｎgle－sexschｏoｌing＿＿_(dá)__＿.A.aｒouｓedpａｒenｔs’deepｉnteｒesｔintheearlｙ199０sＢ.iswelcomeｄbymoreanｄmorｅAmericａnｓC.recｅivesmorecｒitiｃismsｔhanpraiseＤ.isanｏuｔdａt(yī)eｄeｄｕｃationaｌidea１7.Gｉrlsmａy_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_whｉｌｅｓtuｄyinginanａｌl－femalｅｓchooｌ.A.feellｅsｓｃｏmpｅtitiｖeB.belessｌiｋelｙｔotakerisksC.gainｍorｅcoｎｆidｅnceｉｎsｔｕdｉesD.cａｒelessaｂouｔtheiraｐpearaｎｃｅs18.WhicｈofthefollowinghasNＯTbeenｍenｔioｎｅｄａｓafactorthatｍaｙafｆｅcｔgiｒls’pｅｒｆorｍancｅinｃｏ－edsｃhooｌｓ?A.Girｌs’adoleｓｃentｃhangｅs.B.Parents’ａt(yī)tiｔudesｔｏwａrｄtheirstudies.Ｃ.Ｔeaｃｈｅrs’atｔiｔudｅstｏwarddｉｆferｅｎｔｓeｘes.D.Ｂoys’oｕtstaｎｄingpｅrformaｎcｅｉnｍａt(yī)hanｄscienｃe.1９.Thosewｈoquestiontheｐossibilityoｆsingｌe－sexedｕcaｔionbelｉeｖethａt(yī)______.A．boysａnｄgirｌsshoｕldbeｅqualB.sｅｘｄｉscｒiminaｔionａffectsstudｅｎｔｓ’peｒforｍａｎceＣ.singｌｅ-ｓexpubｌicschoolsreｃeｉｖemorｅｆinａｎｃiaｌaidｓＤ．AAUWｎeverchanｇeｓitsattｉtuｄｅstowａrｄｓiｎglｅ-ｓexschｏolｉｎg20.Thｅpassaｇeismａｉnlyabout__＿_(dá)__．Ａ．disadvaｎｔagesoｆoftennｅｇlecｔeｄco-eｄsｃhoolｉngB.tｈedifｆｅrenｃｅsbeｔweeｎprivateschooｌsaｎdpｕblｉcschｏｏlｓC．ｒeasonｓwｈygirlsｃanｂenefitmostｆrｏmsingle-ｓｅxｅduｃａt(yī)ionD.Amerｉｃａｎs’coｎtroversｉalattitudｅstｏwaｒdsinｇle-seｘsｃhoolinｇPassaｇｅFiveＡmoｎｇiｎvestors,ｃonfiｄeｎceinInｄiａhａsｔakeｎaknoｃk．Thestocｋmarｋetiｓdownbｙatenthiｎｄollartｅｒｍｓtｈisyear.Thatrｅflｅcｔshｉgherintｅrｅstrates,butalsoasensethatｔhｅgovｅrnｍenｔhaslosttｈeplot．Ｉtｈas,saｙｉtscｒｉtics，faｉlｅｄtｏconｔｒolｃorｒuｐｔionａndｐuｂliｃbｏrrowing,ｆallｅnｂehindｏninfrastructuｒeａｎdpｒovenunablｅtomａｋedｅｃｉsiｏns.Vedaｎta,aＬondoｎ-lｉstｅdｒesｏurｃesfirm，ｈaｓbeｅnwaｉtinｇｆoralmoｓtayeａrforministｅｒiａlaｐprovalｔoｂuｙcoｎtｒolｏftheＩnｄianｕｎitｏfCａｉｒｎEnｅrgｙ,whiｃhisalsoLｏndon-listed．ＯｎJune28ｔｈ,dｕringatriptｏAmeriｃａ,Indiａ’sfinanceminisｔｅｒｉnｓisｔｅｄthａt(yī)thingsｗeｒeoｎtｒａcｋ.Mａnybｕsinｅsｓfolｋａrｅsceptiｃal.“Ｒeｆorｍswiｌlhａpｐeｎ—aｆｔertｈeｗholesyｓtｅmcollapseｓ，”ｐrediｃｔsacorｐoｒatｅoligaｒch．ＨｅiｓjusttａlｋingabｏuｔIndia’sbanｋruptelectriｃity－ｄistributioncompａｎies,whｉchａｒｅａt(yī)iresoｍebottlenecｋ.Overaｌl,ｈerｅmａｉnｓanoｐtｉmistonIndia，arguingｔhaｔa“ｇolｄeｎceｎtury”awaｉｔsthecouｎtrｙ．Bｕtformａnyｆirmsｔheusualjｉttｅrsareｎowcｏmbiｎedwitｈａlessfａmiｌiarproblｅm：fａｌlingprofitabiliｔy．Ｌisteｄfirms’returnoｎequity,whｉchｗaｓ21-23%iｎtｈｅfiveyeaｒｓtoMarch２023,wasonly1７%lastfiscaｌｙear,ｅｓtiｍatesＩＩFL,abｒokeｒ,uｓｉnｇasaｍpleｏf14０ｃompanieｓａcｃouｎtiｎgfｏrtwo－thirdｓoｆthｅstｏcｋｍａrｋｅtｂyvalｕｅ.Dａt(yī)aforｔｈｅNiftyFiftｙindeｘofbigｆirmspainｔasimilarpicture.Fewaｎalysｔsｅxｐectaquiｃｋrecovｅry.Partofthefaｌlreｆｌectｓtｒaｎsieｎｔfaｃtorｓ．Acquｉsiｔionｓabｒoａdhavehｉtsomｅcompanｉｅs’ｒetｕrns,foｒeｘaｍple.Butｄｅe(cuò)pertrendｓareatplay,toｏ．Labourcoｓtshavｅriｓen，paｒticｕｌarlyatsｏｍestate-cｏntrollｅｄfirms:StｅｅｌAuthorityoｆIndiａ’ｓstafｆbillroｓeｂyawｈoｐpｉng４１%ｌastfiｓcaｌyｅaｒ.Indｉｓcｉpｌineandｓlower－ｔhａｎ－expｅctｅdgｒowtｈhavewiｌtedｐｒｏfitｓinsｅctorssuchascemｅｎt，coｎsｔructiｏｎ,propeｒtyandtｅlecommuｎiｃatｉons.Someindustrｉｅs,suchasconsumergｏods,contｉnｕeｔoprｏsper.Buｔtomｏtoralonｇ,Ｉnｄｉａ’seｃｏｎomynｅe(cuò)dsｎoｔoｎｌyshampoobuｔalｓonewｒoads,shops，houses,fａｃtoriｅsandpｏwerｐlants.Lｏwｅｒreturnｓanｄfａｌtｅringreformsmaymａｋefirmscoｙaboutsinkｉngmｏｎｅyintotheground.IｎtｈeqｕartertｏＭａrch,gｒowthinｇrosｓfixeｄｃapitalｉnvestｍeｎｔslumpｅd,havingｂeenｈeａltｈｙfoｒyeａrs(oｔｈerthanduriｎgｔhe2０23fiｎaｎcialcrisis).Thechairｍanofaｍanｕfacｔurｉｎｇandretailingｆirｍsayshehasreｃeｎｔlyｔeｍｐereｄhｉsexpansiｏnplanｓ，juｓttoplayiｔsaｆe．“Isｕｐpｏseeveryonehasdｏｎeiｔ,”ｈeremarｋs,wｈilｅacknowlｅdgingｔhａt(yī)ｔhiｓcｏｌｌecｔiｖｅwobblｅrｉsksbecｏmiｎgaseｌf－ｆulfｉlｌｉngprｏphecy.Quｅsｔｉｏns21－25aｒebasｅdonPaｓsageFｉve.21．Ｔｈeｕnderlinedphｒaseinｔｈeseｎtencｅ(ｉｎPaｒａ.1)“ｃonｆideｎcｅiｎＩｎｄiａhastakenａkｎoｃｋ”means_＿_(dá)__＿．A．ｈasbｅｅndamａged??B.hasbeeｎbｌｏckeｄＣ.ｈasbｅe(cuò)nｒevitａlｉzed???Ｄ.ｈａｓｂeeｎｉnｒiｓｅ2２.ＴｈeVeｄantaexamplｅshoｗｓ______.A．govｅｒnmentｄｉsapprovalofVeｄantaｂｕyingCaiｒｎＥnergyB.governmentresｔｒiｃｔiｏnoｎtradinｇiｎeneｒgｙfirmsabｒoaｄＣ．insuffｉciencyｏfgoveｒnmentD.ｉｍpatiｅnceｏｆthecoｍpaｎy23．Fｏrmanyfiｒms,tｈeproblemfａcｉnｇthemiｓthatｔheyare______.A．makingｌessmoｎｅy??B．expectingaquickreｃoveryC.losinｇmorｅmoneｙ D．expecｔｉｎgalargｅｒeｔｕｒn24.ＷhｉchisNＯTtｒuｅａboｕttheＩndia’ｓeconoｍy?A．Ｃonｓumerｉnｄustrygrowｓｃoｎsｉstently.B.Ｉnfrastruｃtuｒalindｕsｔｒyｇroｗslｅgbeｈｉnd.C.Ｆirmsarelosiｎgｃonｆidｅnｃeｉninvestment．D.Ｃapiｔalinveｓtmentkｅe(cuò)ｐsgrｏwｉｎｇｓteadｉly.２5.Tｈechairmａnofamanuｆacturingａndreｔailingfiｒm___＿_(dá)_.A.eｘtendedhisplansＢ.ｅxamｉnedhispｌanstoｓpotriｓksＣ.contｒactｅｄｈisplansD.ｒevieｗｅdhispｌanstomakｅｓａfeＩI.Ｖocabｕlarｙ(10ｐoints,1pｏiｎtｆoreach)Direｃtionｓ:Scanthefｏlｌowｉｎgｐasｓageandfinｄtｈewordswｈｉcｈhaveroughlｙtｈeｓamemeanｉngsasthosｅgivenbelow．Ｔhenumbeｒｉｎthｅbrａcketsafterｅａｃｈwoｒｄdｅfｉｎiｔionreｆerstoｔｈenｕmbｅrofparａｇrａphinwhichｔhetarｇeｔwordiｓ.WｒitｅｔｈeｗｏrｄｙouchｏoseonｔhｅAnｓwｅrSｈeet.Thatiswｈatthｅe(cuò)cｏnｏmyiｓaｌlabｏut—makｉngchoicesonhｏwｔｏuｓeliｍitedrｅｓourcesofmoｎey,manpower,mａcｈiｎeryaｎdmatｅrｉaｌｓ,ｗhetherｉｔｉｎvoｌvesashoppeｒdecidｉngwhaｔtobuyiｎtｈeｓuｐｅrmａrketｏramａnufacturｅrdｅcidiｎgｗhaｔｌｉｎeofgoodsｔoproduce.Cｈoｉcesmadeintheecoｎomyinｖolｖeaｃoｎｔiｎuoｕstug-ｏf-warbｅｔweｅncｏnsuｍｅrsaｎdｐroｄucersｏveｒpricｅ.Ifmａnｙｂｕsinｅsseｓaｒeofferingａｐroｄｕｃtandｔhereisplenｔyｏｆiｔtosatisｆytheneｅdsofａllconｓuｍers,aprｏducｅｒwｉllbefｏrcedtosｅllaｔａpricenotｆａrａbovecostsinorｄerｔokeepfrombｅingstuｃｋwitｈalｏtofuｎmarｋｅｔableｓupplies.Thisｉswhy,forexample,pｒicｅsfｏrｆreshｆruｉtandveｇeｔablesｄropdurｉnｇｔｈesummerｍoｎtｈsｗｈｅnsuchprｏduceisiｎgreatnuｍber.Ｈoweｖｅr,alowｐrice—esｐeｃiallyｉｆｉtfａllｓbeｌoｗｗhaｔitcｏstｓasｅlｌｅrｔｏmakｅtheｇｏods—willｄiscｏuragｅproduction,perhａpsｄｒｉveｔhｅhｉgh-costproducｅrsoutofbuｓinessorfｏrcethemｔｏｍakesｏmethinｇｅlｓe．Ａgainusingａneｘampｌefrｏmａgｒicｕlｔｕre,farmｅrspｅｒｉoｄiｃallyplａｎｔlｅsｓwheatｏｒrａisefewercatｔｌeifｔhepricesfortｈosecommodｉtiｅsgivetｏolｉttlereｔurｎfoｒthecostｓiｎvｏｌｖed．Onｔｈｅotｈerhａnd,iｆthｅreisｇreatdeｍaｎdfoｒaｐroductandsｕppliesarｅｔiｇht,bｕsiｎeｓｓwillbeａbletoraｉsｅpｒｉces,theｉrｐrｏfitsｗｉlｌincｒeaseandtheyｗillｉnveｓtiｎneweqｕiｐmeｎttoinｃreａseｏutｐut．Oｔherfiｒｍsmａybeａｔtｒａｃtedbytｈehｏpeｓofｇｏodprｏｆｉtstopｒoduｃetｈｅｓｃaｒceiｔｅm,thusａdｄiｎgｎｅwｃomｐｅtitioｎ.Ｔhat,inthｅsimplｅstfｏrm,iｓthewaｙthelawoｆsuppｌyａnddemａｎｄworksiｎｆree-markｅteｃoｎomy.Ｐriceｂecｏmｅsｔhｅguｉｄｅｐost，teｌlingproducerｓwｈaｔtｈeycanexｐｅｃtｔｏｓｅllatａpricethatｍorｅthancoveｒｓtheiｒcosts.Ａｔthesａmeｔime,poｓtedｐriｃeｓtellｔheconsumeｒwhａｔhecanexpecttoｐay.２6.smallinａmoｕntoｒnumber(Ｐarａ.1)２７．ｔhekｉnｄof(Para.1)28．goｏds,itemsavaiｌａbｌe(Para.2）２9.ｔopreｖentｆroｍhaｐpｅning（Para.３)3０．a(chǎn)tregulartimｅs(Para.3)３1.prｏfｉtfrｏminvesｔment（Parａ.3)32.ｎotｅｎouｇhof(Pａｒa.4)３3.notｅasytｏｆｉｎdｏrｏbｔain(Para．4)３4.ｉtgivesrmatｉｏｎａｂout(Para.5)３５.tohaveenｏugｈmoneytoｐａｙｓｏmeｔhiｎg(Pａｒa.５)III.Summarizａｔion(２0points,２pｏintsforｅａｃｈ)Dｉrectｉons:Intｈispartoftｈｅtｅｓｔ,thｅrｅaｒetｅnｐaｒａgraphs．Eａｃhofthepａraｇraphsiｓfollowedbyanｉncoｍpｌeｔephrａseoｒsｅntencewｈiｃhsumｍarｉzestｈemaiｎideａoftheparagraph.SｐellｏｕtthemisｓiｎｇｌetｔersｏftｈewｏrｄonｙｏurＡnｓwerSheet．ParagrａphOｎｅＡ３9-year-oldwoman,ａpatientｉnａpｓｙchiaｔriccliniｃhａｄlockedｈerｓelfiｎａt(yī)oｉleｔwｉｔhaｋnｉfe．PoｌicebｒoughttheｄｏgPurｚｅlwhenthｅyｌearｎedｔｈｅｗｏmanｗasaｄoglover．ＡssoonａstheｗomanspoｔｔedＰurzｅｌsnｉｆfiｎgtｈroｕｇhacrackintｈedooｒsｈedroｐｐｅdｔhekniｆeandｐｉｃkedhimuｐ.36.Heｒodｏgp_＿_(dá)_＿＿asuiｃiｄe.ＰａraｇraｐhTwoＡｓuｒvｅyof26,０00peoplein36countriesbyＶｉsitBrｉtaｉn，tｈｅnationalｔourisｍbody,foundthataｍajoritｙoｆpeopｌeｉn2７nationｓdisaｇreｅdwithｔhestateｍentthａt(yī)“Britｉｓhfoodisｖerybad”．Ｒussｉａ，EｓtonｉａandEgypｔwerethemosｔｅnthｕsiａsｔicabｏutBritiｓhｆood,whｉｌeSpａin,Iｔａly,ＪapanandFrａnｃｅwｅｒetheｌeaｓｔｉmｐresｓed.37.Moｒeｔ____＿＿begaｎtoappｒecｉateＢriｔiｓhfood.ParagraphTｈrｅe(cuò)TheIAEA,ｔhｅUNｎｕcleaｒwatchdog,warnedtｈatｔhenuclｅａrcrisｉstrｉgｇeredｂyJａpan’searthｑuａkeandtsｕnaｍiisfarfromｏｖer.ThelessoｎGermanylｅarnsｆｒomｔheJapaneseｎucleardisasteriｓthatｔhｅe(cuò)arliｅrｔheｅxｉt,thｅbｅtter．Germanywoulｄturｎtogreeｎandclｅａnｔeｃhnologｉesaｎdbｅｃomeaｎucleaｒ-frｅe(cuò)cｏuntrｙ.38．Germany’sreflｅcｔiononnｕcｌeａrｅ____＿_(dá).PａｒagraphFourScientistshaｖefouｎｄthatlifecａnｓurviveｉｎboiｌｉngpooｌsofｔoxicwateｒatYellowstｏne39．Findiｎglifeｉｎunusualp____＿＿.ＰaｒagraphFive“Ｔｈisｔypeofmeaｌ，ｔhｉsｆastｆooｄmadewiｔhｇｒoｕndbeefｗithacertaｉｎtｏmａt(yī)oｓauce，fｒiｅsdoeｓnoｔstｒｉｋｅｍeａｓａuniverｓaｌｄｒｅaｍ!”saidJeanGlavanｙ,Ｆranｃe’sａgriculｔureｍinister.“IwaｎtｔｏsｐarｅＥuｒopeansｔｈis,”hesａiｄ.“Mysｔruggleiscultuｒal—ｗhatＩhaveｏpposedaｎｄstｉlloppoｓeiｓtｈｅimpeｒｉalｉsmofａfoｏdmodeｌthａt(yī)wａｎtstoｂｅtheonlｙmｏdel．”４0.Theb__＿＿_(dá)＿overfastfｏｏd.PasｓagｅSixSeveraｌgoｖernmentsiｎEuｒopehavｅdｅcidｅdthatradicalactionisrequiredtoiｎcreasethenｕmberofwomeｎintheexecｕtivesuite.Ｎoｒwayｐassedaｌawiｎ2023thatobligｅｄallpuｂlｉｃlylisteｄfｉｒmstｏreserｖｅ4０%ofｔheseaｔsｏｎthｅirｂｏardsforwoｍenｂy２023.Ｓpaiｎpasseｄaｓimilａrｌａwin2０２３；Fｒanceｅarliertｈisyear．TheNeｔｈeｒlａndsiswoｒkingonｏne．41．Mｏｒeｗomeninb_＿_(dá)___toｐ．PａｓsageSeｖenTheｂuｓinｅsｓtraｖelandｍeeｔingsorganiｚationinAmeｒiｃaaｔtriｂutｅｓtheｒeｃentiｎcｒeasetｏrｉｓinｇaｉrfａres,fuelledｂyenergｙprices,ｃonｓtｒainedcapａｃityａndrｅｌativelysｔrongdeｍaｎｄ,hｉghｅｒｌｏdginｇｒatｅs，aｎdgrowingcｏrporaｔｅdemand.Fｏｒｅxａmple,ｉteｘpeｃtscorporaｔｅｓpeｎdｉngonoverseasｔrｉpstoｒisｅｔo$31．8bｉllionｉn2023,a9.1%increasｅonlａsｔｙeaｒ．42.Thｅｐriceoft__＿_(dá)＿＿conｔiｎｕesriｓinｇiｎＡmerｉcain20２3．PaｓｓageEightＴherowoverpｈｏne-hａｃkingbyjoｕrｎalistshasledｔｏｔｈeclosｕｒｅoｆtheNewsofｔheＷｏrldnｅwspapeｒ,andwidｅrquestｉoｎsａboutpressrｅgulatioｎ，mediａownｅrshｉp,ｔhepoliｃe,ａndrelatｉｏｎshiｐsbeｔweenpｏliｔiｃiansａndjournaliｓts.Itadmittedｉnteｒ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