滬教牛津版九年級下冊定語從句專項講解

定語從句萼^知識梳理一.定義：在復合句中，修飾從句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語和分詞短語)或句子，漢語中常用，……的，表示。定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when>why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YcstcrdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway..whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend..which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略三）語法填空：【★★★]Attheendofthe16thcentury,mostofthepeople1spokeEnglishlivedinEngland.Thelanguagedidn'tbegintobespokeninmanyothercountries2the17thcentury.Nowadays,morepeoplespeakEnglish3before.However,English4(change)alotsofar.TheEnglishspokeninEngland5aboutAD450and1150wasbasedmore6GermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThenfromaboutAD800and1150,newsettlerswhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlater7(France).TheyenrichedtheEnglishlanguageand(especial)8itsvocabulary.Gradually,EnglishbecamelesslikeGerman.In1620someBritishpeoplemovedtoAmericaand9(live)there.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeople10(take)toAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobeusedinbothcountries.參考答案：跟蹤練習：1—5AADBA6—10ABCCA11—15AADAD16—20CDDBC典例精析：1-5BACAD6-10CCACC11-15DBDDB16-20CDDCC能力提升：—)1,which2,who3,that4,who5,that6,that7,which8,that9,where10,when-)略三）略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語).that指人時，相當于who或者whom;指物時，相當于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語).whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法不用that的情況(a)在引導非限定性定語從句時。(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.四、關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法一)、關(guān)系代詞指物時，用that而不用which的情況：.先行詞為something,anything‘nothingeverything以及all,much,little,alot,none,few等不定代詞時。Eg:MymotherwassoproudofallthatIdidt.先行詞有thelast,thevery,theonly以及all,much,few,no,any,Httle等修飾時。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatI'mlookingfor..先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(或所修飾)時。e.g.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatI'veeverseen.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestotheirmindistheWestLake..thesame修飾先行詞時，定語從句要用that或as引導，但意義不同。e.g.ThisisthesamewatchasIlostlastSunday.（表示相同但并非同一）ThisisthesameknifethatIusedyesterday.（表示就是那個）.Therebe后面的定語從句多用that引導，不用which。e.g.There'saseatinthecornerthatisstillfree..句子前面出現(xiàn)了who,which時，后面的定語從句用that引導。e.g.Theybuiltafactorywhichmadesomenewproductsthathadneverbeenseenbefore..關(guān)系代詞在定語從句作表語時，常用that,而不用which、who。e.g.Myhometownisnotthesmallvillagethatitwas10yearsago.Tomisn'tthemanthatheusedtobe先行詞既有人又有物時，只能用that。e.g.DoyourememberthebookanditsauthorthatappearedonTVlastSunday二）、which的特殊用法：.關(guān)系代詞which引導的非限制性定語從句，有時不是修飾某個先行詞，而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。特別注意，非限定定語從句中prep+which時，which只能指代先行詞，不可以指代句子。Helenoftencamelate,whichmadetheclassteacherangry.三）、關(guān)系代詞as的用法：當先行詞有such,so,ihesame等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞要用as；as在從句中可作主語，賓語和表語。e.g.1）.1haveneverseensuchakindgirlassheis.）.Heissuchagoodteacher（sogoodateacher）aseverystudentrespects.※但在以下兩種情況下有區(qū)別：,as從句可位于句首（或主句前），而which從句只能在主句后。e.g.isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As五、關(guān)系副詞引導定語從句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語關(guān)系副詞:介詞+關(guān)系代詞why二forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語用來表示地點的定語從句。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.when引導定語從句表示時間。在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.Thetimewhenwcgottogetherfinallycame.［注］表示時間“time”一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關(guān)系代詞，當然也不用that引導。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到達倫敦的時候，我們在那里已經(jīng)待了兩個星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然記得我第一次見到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushctCo每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的從句替換Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：1)介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2)that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的''介詞+關(guān)系詞''結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。Thisisthehouseinwhich1livedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.至跟蹤練習單項選擇：】Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.thoseIsthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theoneIsthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theoneIsthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theoneThewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthatThefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhatThisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobservedThereasonisheisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whetherTiltellyouhetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.whichThattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhichhaveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whatHefailedintheexamination,madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.whatWc'rctalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.WhichB.whomC.whoD.thatThegirlanEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom'ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassingingThosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearnAnyonethisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainstDidn'tyouseetheman?A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.InoddedtojustnowCanyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedaboutIsthereanythingtoyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs-―“Howdoyoulikethebook?”—“It'squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

孝典例:黃析一、單項填空【★★】1.—WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It'sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.whichhatethepeopledon'thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.whereTheforeigner（夕卜國人）visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whomGeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.whichThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.whichNobodyknowsthereasonshedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.whenThemoonisaworldthereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whyHehasforgottenthedayhearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichHestillremembersthedayshespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhichMr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.whichHegottothevillagehisfamilyonce（曾經(jīng)）lived.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereA.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.whereThisisthehouseourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereHedidn'ttellmetheplacehewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whereHelivedinasmallvillage,wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.thatHelenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichAmericanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonetheycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhomThefilmbroughtthehoursbacktomeIwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.whereThefamousscientistgrewuphewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.wherever孝能力提升一，用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空【★★】Thehouseweliveinisverybig.Theboyiswearingtheb