高考英語一輪總復習Module4GreatScientists

Module4GreatScientists(主題語境——人與社會之科學與技術：對社會有突出貢獻的人物)一、各種科學家1．physicist.物理學家2.astronomer.天文學家nn3．chemist.化學家；藥劑師4.technologistn.技術專家n5．mathematiciann.數(shù)學家6.biologistn.生物學家7．inventorn.發(fā)明家8.geographern.地理學家9．zoologistn.動物學家10.botanistn.植物學家二、工作職責與資格1．certificaten.證明；證(明)書2．qualificationn.資格；學歷3．qualifyvt.&vi.(使)擁有資格4．inventvt.發(fā)明；創(chuàng)建5．qualifiedadj.有資格的6．responsibilityn.責任；負責7．undertakevt.擔當；從事；負責8．chargevt.負責；主管9．establishmentn.成立10．inspirationn.靈感三、科學家質量與智力1．potentialadj.潛伏的2.creativeadj.創(chuàng)建性的3．virtuen.美德；品德4.dignityn.尊貴；崇高5．determinedadj.意志堅定的6.reliableadj.可信任的7．considerateadj.考慮周祥的8.confidentadj.自信的9．strong-willedadj.意志堅毅的10．diligentadj.勤勞的1．makegreatcontributionsto對做出突出貢獻2．becomeinvolvedin參加3．inthefieldof在領域4．getovervarietiesofdifficulties戰(zhàn)勝各種各種的困難5．playaleadingrolein起側重要的作用6．achieveone'sdream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想7．havemaderapidprogressin在某方面獲得很大的進步8．findacurefor找到一個治療方法9．receivetheNobelPrize獲取諾貝爾獎10．facethechallenge面對挑戰(zhàn)11．devoteoneselfto致力于12．scientificresearch科學研究13．setoutanewscientificidea創(chuàng)始科學新看法14．findaproblem發(fā)現(xiàn)問題15．findsupportingevidence找到支持的憑證1．Itisscienceandtechnologythatmakeourlifemoreconvenient.是科技使我們的生活更為方便。2．Sostrong-mindedwashethathecouldkeepupuntilhesucceeded.他意志很堅毅，他會持續(xù)做下去直到成功。3．Inthelastdecades,advancesinmedicaltechnologyhaveforpeopletolivelongerthaninthepast.

madeitpossible在過去的幾十年里，醫(yī)療技術的進步令人們有可能比過去活得更長。4．However,educatedbyhismother,hetookaninterestinreading.但是，因為母親的教育，他對念書產生了濃重的興趣。5．Hefellinlovewithscienceanddevotedhimselftoit.他迷上了科學并且致力于它。單詞巧練寫準并記牢Ⅰ.識記單詞(一)會其形1．leadingadj.主要的2.figuren.人物3．publishvt.第一版4.breakthroughn.打破5．supportvt.支持6.convertvt.改變；變換7．replacevt.取代；以取代8.victimn.受害者9．partlyadv.部分地；在必定程度上10．escapevi.逃跑；躲避；逃走11.clearvi.(煙霧)消失12．quantityn.數(shù)目13.qualityn.質量14．stapleadj.主要的；重要的15．brilliantadj.聰慧的；才干橫溢的(二)知其意1．biochemistryn.生物化學2.botanyn.植物學3．geneticsn.遺傳學4.zoologyn.動物學5．nicknamen.外號6.breeding.培養(yǎng)n7．species.(動物或植物的)種類8.yieldn.產量n9．hybridn.雜交種10．best-seller

n.

熱銷書

(或唱片等

)11．relativity

n.

相對論

12.rocket

n.

火箭13．millennium

n.

千年14．gunpowder

n.

火藥15．arrow

n.(

弓)箭

16.biology

n.

生物學Ⅱ.拓展單詞1．producer

n.

生產者→

produce

vt.

生產→

production

n.

生產；產量→product

n.產品2．educatevt.教育→educationn.教育→educatorn.教育工作者→educatedadj.受過教育的→educationaladj.教育的3．agriculturen.農業(yè)→agriculturaladj.農業(yè)的4．originaladj.本來的；最先的→originn.發(fā)源→originatevi.發(fā)源5．exportvt.出口→importvt.進口6．briefadj.簡潔的；簡潔的→brieflyadv.簡潔地；簡潔地7．graduatevi.畢業(yè)n.畢業(yè)生→graduationn.畢業(yè)8．personaladj.個人的→personallyadv.就個人而言→personalityn.個性；性格9．explodevi.爆炸→explosionn.爆炸；爆炸聲高考與教材1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Theeight-partseries(

系列節(jié)目

),

SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproducts(produce)onthemarket.2．(2019·浙江卷)Myfatheralwaystoldmethataneducation

(educate)

wasoneofthegreatestadvantagesIcouldhave,onethatwouldalwaysstaywithme.3．(2019·北京卷)Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally(personal),you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.4．(2019·江蘇卷)Theexplosion(explode)hadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.5．(2018·浙江卷11月)BeforeIgetontowhatexactlywedidinourresearch,Iwouldliketoexplainbriefly(brief)thepurposebehindit.6．(2018·江蘇卷)From2004to2013,agricultural(agriculture)landvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.7．(2018·浙江卷)Theabilitytodesign,buildandexport(出口)greentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.8．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafter(graduate)fromhighschoolandremainedthesamecaringpersonImetfortyyears

hisgraduationbefore.1．“支持，擁戴”家族advocatevt.倡導；擁戴②backvt.支持③supportvt.支持，幫助④standby/for

支持⑤infavourof

支持，贊成⑥votefor投票支持2．“v.＋adv.”合成名詞大觀園breakthrough打破②breakdown故障；損壞③break-up破碎；崩潰④takeaway外賣食品⑤warm-up熱身運動⑥get-together聯(lián)歡會；聚會3．“數(shù)目”有好多quantity數(shù)目②amount數(shù)目③number數(shù)目④mass大批⑤plenty大批⑥abundance大批短語巧練寫準并記牢1.bring_up培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育2．the_key_to_(doing)_sth.(做)某事的重點3．experiment_with對進行實驗4．bring_in引進5．carry_out實行；執(zhí)行；執(zhí)行6．as_a_result_of因為的結果7．be_known_for因而有名/有名8．be_diagnosed_with被診療患有疾病9．earn_one's_living糊口10．come_to_power掌權高考與教材1.(2018·江蘇卷)Tomakemattersworse,Mothwas_diagnosed_withaseriousdisease.2．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Infact,the_key_toeasymorningwake-upliesinresettingyourbodyclock.3．(2015·湖北卷)Hegavehimselfanewnametohidehisidentitywhenhewenttocarry_outthesecrettask.4．(2015·安徽卷)AccordingtoSparrow,wearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesas_a_result_oftheInternet.1．由thekeyto想到的①theapproachto的方法②theaccessto

的通道③theanswerto

的答案④thenotesto

的說明⑤theentranceto

的進口2．carry有關短語多棱鏡①carryout實行；執(zhí)行carryon持續(xù)；展開③carrythrough貫徹究竟carryaway拿走；帶走⑤carryback取回3．“cometo＋n.”短語一覽①cometopower

掌權②cometolife

活躍起來③cometoaconclusion

得出結論④cometoanagreement

達成協(xié)議⑤cometothepoint

談正題句式仿寫寫準并記牢1.Itis/was

＋過去分詞＋

that

從句InStephenHawking's

caseit

wasdiscovered

thathewasabrilliant

scientist.就史蒂芬·霍金的狀況來說，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個優(yōu)異的科學家。2．keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.這些管子被綁在一根長木棍上，這根木棍能使火箭直線行進。3．“疑問詞＋不定式”構造SoontheMongolslearnedhowtomakerocketsthemselvesanditispossiblethattheyintroducedthemtoEurope.不久，蒙先人學會了如何自己制造火箭，并且可能是他們將其引入歐洲的。4．此刻分詞短語作結果狀語Orwashecarriedmilesintospace,becomingtheworld'sfirstastronaut?或許他被帶到了太空中數(shù)英里的地方，成為世界上第一個宇航員？高考與教材1.(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)說到餐桌禮儀，請在用餐時保持低的、令人快樂的聲音。Speakingoftablemanners,keep_your_voice_low_and_pleasantduringthemeal.2．(2018·浙江卷)當電話發(fā)明時，人們不知道如何給打電話的人打招呼。Whenthetelephonewasinvented,peopledidn'tknowhow_to_greetacaller.3．(2017·天津卷)近來這家醫(yī)院已經獲取了新的醫(yī)療設施，同意更多的病人獲取治療。Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowing_more_patients_to_be_treated.4．(2017·江蘇卷)中國經濟有望在未來的幾年會以中等速度增添。It_is_expected_thatChina'seconomywillgrowatamediumspeedinthecomingyears..高頻詞匯精講1．supportvt.&nTheresearchwas

．支持；擁戴；支撐；奉養(yǎng)supportedbythegovernment.這項研究獲取了政府的支持。(1)supportsb.insth.

在某方面支持某人supporta(one's)family/oneself

養(yǎng)家生活

/獨自自主(2)cometoone'ssupport

來支持某人withone'ssupport

在某人的支持下insupportof支持；擁戴offersupporttosb.給某人供給支持(1)用適合的介詞填空①Myparentsalwayssupportme

inwhatIwanttodo.②Several

membersspokeinsupportofthevolunteers

atthemeetingyesterday.③Ourgovernmentofferssupport

tothegraduateswhoplantoruntheirownbusinesses.(2)達成句子With_the_support_of_the_government,_manypatientsinpoorareascanaffordtogotohospital.在政府的支持下，很多貧窮地域的病人都有能力去醫(yī)院。2．replacevt.取代，以取代；放回原處Thenewricereplacedvegetablesin50thousandsquarekilometres.在5萬平方千米的田地中，這類新式水稻栽種取代了蔬菜栽種。replacesth.with/bysth.

用/

以取代

/替代taketheplaceof

＝takeone'splace

取代inplaceof

取代寫出以下句中replace的含義①Youhaveto

replace

thebooksontheshelvesbeforeyouleave.

放回原處②Doyouthinkitispossiblethatrobotswill

replace

theworkersintheworkplaceinthefuture

？取代(2)達成句子Teacherswillneverbe_replaced_bycomputersintheclassroom.講堂上老師永久不會被電腦取代。一句多譯約翰病了，我想知道誰將取代他?！鶭ohnisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingto

replace_him.(replace)→JohnisillandIwanttoknowwhoisgoingto

take_the_place_of_him/take_his_place.(place)3.quantityn.數(shù)目；大批Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthe

quantity

.專家說，夸獎的質量比數(shù)目更重要。(1)alargequantityof大批的(作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式)largequantitiesof

大批的(作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式

)(2)inquantity

大批地，成批地inquantityandquality

在數(shù)目和質量上[名師指津

]aquantityof,largequantitiesof

既可接不行數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，但當它作主語或其修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般依據(jù)

quantity

的單復數(shù)形式而定。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散

]

表示“大批”的短語還有：①修飾可數(shù)名詞：

alarge

numberof,

agreat

many,quite

afew,

scores

of,

dozensof

；②修飾不行數(shù)名詞：

agreat

deal

of,

alarge

amountof,

large

amountsof,

quitealittle

；③既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，

又可修飾不行數(shù)名詞：

alot

of/lots

of,

plenty

of,

alargequantityof,quantitiesof

。(1)單句語法填空①Largechildrensofar.

quantities(quantity)ofmoneyhavebeenspentinbringinguphis②Alargequantity

offood

andtents

was(be)

sent

to

earthquake-stricken

areasfromShandongyesterday.③Wecanofferyouabetter

priceifyoucanbuyitinquantity.達成句子Thegroupofinformationtechnologytalentsshouldbestrengthenedin_quantity_and_quality.信息人材隊伍在數(shù)目和質量上都需增強。4.escapev．&n．逃跑，逃走；避開；(氣體、液體等)漏出；被忘記TheChinesediscoveredthatthegasescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.中國人發(fā)現(xiàn)從竹管里開釋出來的氣體能夠使其飛向空中。[名師指津]注意下邊兩個短語的差別：escapefromprison逃獄；escapeprison逃過牢獄之災。單句語法填空①Totheirrelief,theirstudentsnarrowlyescapedfromtheshakingbuilding.②Heescapedbeing_killed(kill)intheexplosionbecausehehadnotgonetowork.達成句子LastyearIhad_a_narrow_escape,_andIdon'twanttoriskmylifeasecondtime.昨年我虎口余生，所以我不想再去冒生命危險了。②Whoeverbreaksthelawwon'tescape_punishment/being_punished.不論是誰違犯了法律都將不會逃走處罰。5.bringup培養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育；提出；嘔吐YuanLongpingwasbornandbroughtupinChina.袁隆平在中國出生并長大。bringabout

惹起；致使

bringback

送還；使想起bringdown

降低；減少

bringin

引進；賺得，掙得寫出以下句中bringup的含義①Hebroughtupapracticalplaninthemeeting,whichbroughtdownthecostofproduction.

提出②Hewasdrunkand

broughtup

whathehadeatenatmidnight.

嘔吐③Herparentsdiedwhenshewasababyandshewas

broughtup

byheraunt.養(yǎng)育用適合的介、副詞填空①Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhavebroughtinpeople'slife.

aboutmanychanges②Thesongbrought

backthehappymemeoryofmychildhood.③Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestobringgoodstokeepthemarketstable.

downthehighpricesofdaily④Newideas

havebeenbrought

in

since

Chinawasopenedto

the

outside

world.6．cometo/intopower掌權；登臺；執(zhí)政AlbertEinsteinleftGermanywhenHitler

cametopower

andwenttoworkintheUS.希特勒掌權時，愛因斯坦走開德國去美國工作。beyondone'spower力所不及，不可以勝任in/withinone'spower

在某人能力范圍內inpower

當權have/holdpoweroversth./sb.

對某事/人有控制權[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]

“comeinto

＋名詞”組成的短語還有：

comeintobeing

形成，產生；comeinto

existence

開始存在，成立，產生；

comeinto

effect/force

奏效；comeintouse開始使用；

comeintosight/view

看見，進入視線；

comeintofashion

開始流行。達成句子①Itissaidthatthenewmayorwillcome_to/into_powernextmonth.聽說新市長下個月將上任。②Hehasbeenin_powerfortenyearsbutstilldoesn'twanttoleaveoffice.他已經掌權10年了，可是仍舊不想走開這個職位。③I'mafraiditisbeyond_my_powertodowhatyour'reasking.我唯恐不可以勝任你要求做的事。④Iwilldoeverythingin/within_my_powertohelpyou.我將盡我所能幫助你。重點詞匯點撥1．clearvi.(煙霧)消失；變清亮；(天)變晴vt.使清亮；使清楚；除去；掃清adj.清亮的；明朗的；清楚的；通暢的寫出以下句中clear的含義①Wehadtowaitonthefreewayuntilthethickfogclearedatlast.轉晴，變明朗②Theremainsofthesnowhadbeen

clearedfromthestreets.

打掃③Thewaterwasso

clearthatwecouldseethebottomofthelake.

清亮的④Itwasnever

clearwhythemanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.

清楚的⑤Sheneededa

clearheadtocarryoutherinstructions.

清楚的，清醒的⑥Thecloudslowly

clearedandthesuncameout.

消失2．figuren

．人物；數(shù)字；體形；圖形

vt.計算；以為寫出以下句中

figure

的含義①Heisanimportantpolitical

figure

inIndianhistory.

人物②Thewalliscoveredwith

figures

ofbirdsandflowers.

圖形③Manywomenwanttokeeptheir

figures

bytakingmoreexercisethesedays.體形④Addallthe

figures,

andyou'llgetalargerone.

數(shù)字⑤Wefigured

thesensiblethingtodowaswait.

以為3．straightadj.

直的，直線的；坦誠的，爽快的；正確的，靠譜的

adv.

連續(xù)地，不中斷地；直接，徑直地寫出以下句中straight的含義①Wedecidedtogostraighthome.直接，徑直地②Astraightlineistheshortestdistancebetweentwopoints.直的，直線的③MrJohnsonhasareputationofstraighttalking.坦誠的，爽快的④Besureyouhaveyourfactsstraight.正確的，靠譜的⑤Wehadbeendrivingforfivehoursstraightandneededtohavearest.連續(xù)地，不中斷地4．asaresultof因為，因為(表示原由)；作為的結果選詞填空(asaresultof，asaresult，resultin，resultfrom)①Thefootballmatchwasputoffas_a_result_ofthestorm.②Hislazinessresulted_inhisfailure;that'stosay,hisfailureresulted_fromhislaziness.③Hestudiedhardlasttermand,as_a_result,_hepassedtheexamination.典型句式精析keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語,Thetubeswereattachedtoalongstickwhichhelpedkeeptherocketmovinginastraightdirection.箭管被綁在一根長棍兒上，這根長棍兒能使火箭沿直線運動。在“keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語”構造中，此刻分詞與賓語之間為主謂關系，過去分詞與賓語之間為動賓關系。[用法概括](1)keep＋n./pron.＋此刻分詞(2)keep＋n./pron.＋過去分詞(3)keep＋n./pron.＋形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語[名師指津]常有的可接過去分詞和此刻分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有：find，leave，feel，see，hear，have，get等。(注意：make往常只以過去分詞作賓語補足語，少見以現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語。)單句語法填空Thequestionkeptmewondering(wonder)fortherestofthenight.Itisnecessarythatwekeeptheyounggenerationinformed(inform)ofthecurrentaffairs.(2)達成句子It

can

prevent

us

from

getting

short-sighted

and

it

cankeep_us_physically_healthy.它能夠使我們預防近視，并且能使我們身體健康。Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．JustasIwaswonderingwhattodonext,Isawafamiliarfigure(passingbyourclassroom.

人物)2．Thecitycouncilistakingstepstoreplace(

取代)itsstreetcarswithbuses.3．Surgeonshavemadeagreatbreakthrough(

打破)inthekidneytransplant.4．Hepublished(第一版)hisfirstnovelwhenhewaseighteenyearsold.5．Everyyear,

India

exports

(出口)alot

of

tea

andcotton

to

manydifferentcountries.6．Mostofthefloodvictims(

受害者)hadtoleavealltheirthingsbehind.7．Wehavetodealwiththeemotionalandphysical(alongwithobesity.

身體的)problemsthatgo8．Ifyoulookstraight(

直地)ahead,you'llseetheschoolinthedistance.9．Onaclear(明朗的)dayyoucanseethecoast.10．Localpeoplehavegivenusalotofsupport(支持)inourcampaign.Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Atthirteen,hewasdiagnosedwithkindofattentiondisorder.2．Asuccessfulperson

always

lays

out

plans

carefully

andlays

aside

all

theotherthingstocarryouthisplans.3．Scientificfarmingisthekeytothefurtherdevelopmentofagriculture.4．Theyhaveconvertedthespareroomintoastudy,wherechildrencanreadordotheirhomework.5．Themurderertriedtoescapebeing_caught(catch)bythepolicebutinvain.6．You'llsurelyseeyourimprovementifyoukeepyourattentionpaid(pay)tothestudy.7．Shethrewthetoyontheground,breaking(break)itintopieces.8．I'dliketospeaktoMrDavisaboutapersonal(person)matter,butheissobusynow.9．ItissaidthathewasforcedtoresignasTransportMinisterbecauseoftheundergroundexplosion(explode)．10．Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswill_be_rewarded(reward)withsuccessintheend.Ⅲ.單句改錯1．Hehaslostallhisfriendsasresultofhisrudebehaviour.result前加a2．Trming

→informed3．

His

first

book

published

last

year

and

it

turned

out

to

be

abest-seller.

published

前加

was4．Largequantitiesofgoodshasbeensoldoutsincetheybroughtdowntheprice.has→have5．Onbrief,practiceisfarmoreimportantthanbookknowledge.On→In6．Hisconfidentwordshaveclearedoutourdoubtsabouthowtheplanwillbecarriedout.

第一個

out→up7．Thekeyto

protect

the

environment

is

to

let

people

realize

theimportanceofenvironment.

protect

→protecting8．Ascientistmustproduceevidenceinthesupportofatheory.

去掉

the9．Susanmadeclear

to

methat

shewished

to

makeanewlife

forherself.clear前加

it10．

The

bad

weather

was

part

responsible

for

the

failure

of

theperformance.

part

→partlyⅣ.語段填詞1．Thisfactoryproduces

computers.

Its

producer

is

very

optimistic

abouttheproductionandsale.(produce)2．Onthewhole,people

whoare

well

educated

canfind

jobs

easier

thanthosewithoutagoodeducation.(educate)3．ThiswordoriginatedfromaLatinwordandtheoriginalmeaningisquitedifferentfromwhatitistoday.(origin)4．Thoughsheexplainedthetopicbriefly,_westilllearnedalotfromherbriefwords.(brief)5．Aftergraduation,_heisoneofthegraduateswhohavegraduatedthisyearandarelookingforajob.(graduate)6．Personallyspeaking,Idon'tlikehispersonalitybecauseheonlythinksofhispersonalprofit.(personal)7．Twobombsexplodedinthecentreofourcityandtheexplosioncausedsevendeaths.(explode)Ⅴ.達成句子1．據(jù)報導，在此次事故中沒有乘客受傷。(Itis＋過去分詞＋

that

從句)It_is_reported_thatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.2．孩子們被要求保持教室潔凈整齊。(keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語Childrenarerequestedtokeep_the_classroom_clean_and_tidy.

)3．我們應當教孩子危險時如何生計下去。

(疑問詞＋不定式

)Weshouldteachchildrenhow_to_survivewhenindanger.4．他是奶奶帶大的，所以他和她很親密。

(bringup)Hewas_brought_upbyhisgrandmasoheisveryclosetoher.5．他擊敗了其余全部選手，獲取了一等獎。(分詞短語作結果狀語)Hebeatallthe