（江蘇專版）2023年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)微專題訓(xùn)練第16練自然與環(huán)保類（二）

PAGE第16練自然與環(huán)保類〔二〕單詞識記：shortageurbanadvocateeco-friendlypreserveprovincesmogchallengemountainpreventconservationdamagedecoratesituationsmelldisappearancedestroypurposerecycleenvironment短語掃描：preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.阻止某人/物做某事inturn依次；反過來；轉(zhuǎn)而leadto導(dǎo)致；致使lowcarbon低碳的globalwarming全球變暖greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)takeaction/measures/steps采取行動/措施attachgreatimportanceto...十分重視……belinkedwith與……有聯(lián)系befacedwith面臨[跟蹤訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.語境填詞1．The________(short)ofcottonkeptthepricesup.2．Idon’tlikepubs.They’renoisy，________(smell)，andwhat’smore，expensive.3．Withnoonetoturntoinsuchafrightening________(情形)，shefeltveryhelpless.4．Aimedatahighertarget，thetaskismore________(challenge)．5．Inthe________(damage)housethefirefighterssavedalotofinjuredpeople，buttheycouldn’tbesenttohospitalbecauseoftheblockedroad.Ⅱ.單項填空6．ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom________intheSouthChinaSea.A．a(chǎn)ttacking B．havingattackedC．beingattacked D．havingbeenattacked7．Whilestayinginthevillage，Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanything________.A．inreturn B．incommonC．inturn D．inplace8．Atminus130℃alivingcellcanbe________forathousandyears.A．spared B．protectedC．preserved D．developed9．Children’scuriositymay________manyusefulinventions.A．leadto B．takeplaceC．gatherin D．bringaway10．Chineseculture________aparticularlyhighvaluetotheideathatfamiliesshouldlivetogether.(2022·鎮(zhèn)江高三期中)A．charges B．pointsC．presents D．a(chǎn)ttachesⅠ.完形填空(2022·廣西桂林十八中月考)Washoeisayoungchimpanzee.Sheisno__1__chimpanzee，though.Scientistsaredoingaresearch__2__her.Theywanttoseehowcivilizedshecan__3__.Alreadyshedoesmanythingsahumanbeingcando.Forexample，shehasbeenlearninghowtoexchange__4__withpeople.Thescientistsareteachingher__5__language.Whenshewantstobepicked__6__，Washoepointsupwithonefinger.Sherubsherteethwithherfinger__7__shewantstobrushherteeth.Thisisdoneaftereverymeal.Washoehasalsobeen__8__tothinkoutandfindanswerstoproblems.Onceshewasputina__9__withfoodhangingfromtheceiling.Itwastoohighto__10__.Aftersheconsideredthe__11__，shegotatallboxtostand__12__.Thefoodwasstilltoohightobereached.Washoefounda__13__pole.Thensheclimbedontothe__14__，graspedthepole，and__15__downthefoodwiththepole.Washoe__16__likeahuman，too.Thescientistskeepherinafullyfurnishedhouse.Afterahard__17__inthelaboratory，shegoeshome.__18__sheplayswithhertoys.She__19__enjoyswatchingtelevisionbeforegoingtobed.Scientistshopeto__20__moreaboutpeoplebystudyingourclosestrelative—chimpanzee.1．A.foolish B．ordinaryC．special D．simple2．A.for B．byC．to D．on3．A.experience B．changeC．develop D．become4．A.actions B．viewsC．messages D．feelings5．A.sign B．humanC．spoken D．foreign6．A.out B．a(chǎn)tC．on D．up7．A.when B．untilC．since D．while8．A.raised B．trainedC．ordered D．led9．A.cave B．zooC．room D．museum10．A.pull B．seeC．eat D．reach11．A.problem B．positionC．food D．ceiling12．A.by B．onC．up D．with13．A.straight B．strongC．long D．big14．A.wall B．boxC．ceiling D．pole15．A.knocked B．pickedC．took D．shook16．A.lives B．a(chǎn)ctsC．thinks D．plays17．A.task B．lessonC．day D．time18．A.Here B．ThereC．So D．Then19．A.quite B．a(chǎn)lreadyC．even D．still20．A.observe B．discoverC．gain D．learnⅡ.閱讀理解(2022·鹽城期中)Windturbinesareefficientsourcesofcheapenergybutalsoasourceofconcernastheirhugespinningblades(葉片)frequentlykillbirdsandbats.AnewtypeofwindgeneratordevelopedinSpainoffersacreativesolutiontothatproblem.In2002，SpanishinventorDavidYanezsawashortfilmabouttheTacomaNarrowsBridgeintheU．S.，collapsinginstrongwind.Itwasavividexampleofthepowerfulvibrationswindcancreatewhenitblowspastalongpole，suchasacarantennaorevenastickofbamboo.Itgavehimtheideaforanewtypeofwind-energygenerator.“Theinitialphilosophyorspiritwastocreateageneratorofdreamsthathadallthequalitiesonewouldwant：Itshouldbeascheapaspossible，needaslittlemaintenanceaspossible，thesetupassimpleaspossible，〞hesaid.YanezandhisfriendRaoulMartintooktheideatoanengineeringfirm，wheretheyweretolditwouldneverwork.Undiscouraged，theystartedexperimentingontheirowninasmallwindtunneltheybuilt.GoodinitialresultswererepeatedbyalargerworkingmodelcalledVortex(渦旋)installedinanearbyfield.“Whatwehaveisamast(桅桿)，whichisthetoppieceandactsasablade，〞Yanezsaid.“It’sconstructedfromthesamematerialasaconventionalgenerator，andwhatitdoesisitoscillates(振蕩)，transmittingtheoscillationtoaconventionalalternator，whichbyitsownoscillationconvertsthewind’senergyintoelectricenergy.〞Yanezsaidtheoutputofthe6-meter-tallgenerator，andeventhatofsmallermodels，wasbetterthanexpected.TheVortexcreatesabout30percentlessenergythanacomparablebladedwindturbine，butitislighterandcheapertobuildandmaintain.Itismademostlyofreinforcedplasticandhasveryfewmovingparts.Also，itdoesnotcreatenoiseand—evenmoreimportantformanyenvironmentalists—itdoesnotpresentathreattopassingbirds.Thecurrentprototypeworksatwindspeedsrangingfrom1.5to7meterspersecond.Theinventorssaythenextstepisbuildinga12.5-metertallbladelessgeneratorwitha4-kilowattcapacitythatcouldpowersmallbusinessesorindividualhomes，orprovidesupplementalpowertoamaingrid.ThecommercialversionoftheVortexBladelessgeneratorshouldbereadyforthemarketby2022.21．TheauthormentionsashortfilmabouttheTacomaNarrowsBridgetoshow________.A．whattheinitialphilosophyorspiritwasB．whatinspiredYaneztocreatethegeneratorC．howthebridgewasdestroyedinstrongwindD．howwindcreatespowerfulvibrations22．Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A．Theoriginalideawasconsideredaspracticalinanengineeringfirm.B．YanezandMartin’sinitialtestsbythemselvesprovedtobesuccessful.C．Thematerialforconstructingthemastisdifferentfromthatofthepast.D．Thenewgeneratorisbetteratcreatingenergythanacomparablebladedone.23．Whatwouldbethemainideaofthepassage?A．Bladelesswind-powergeneratorisfriendlytobirds.B．Windturbinesareefficientsourcesofcheapenergy.C．Anewgeneratorwillcomeontothemarketby2022.D．Yanezhasmadeageneratorforthebenefitofpeople.

答案精析第16練自然與環(huán)保類(二)高考高頻單詞與短語識記排查跟蹤訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.1.shortage2.smelly3.situation4.challenging5．damagedⅡ.6.C[根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的“preventChinesefishingboatsfrom________〞可知此處考查preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意可判斷漁船應(yīng)該是“被攻擊〞，故應(yīng)選擇動名詞的被動形式，從而排除表示主動形式的A、B兩項；D項havingbeenattacked為動名詞的完成被動式，表示動作已完成，而題干句意并未說明漁船已經(jīng)受到了攻擊，故排除D項。正確答案為C。]7．A[考查介詞短語辨析。句意為：當(dāng)James住在村子里的時候，他無私地同村民們分享了他擁有的一切，沒有要求任何東西作為回報。inreturn作為回報，符合句意。incommon共有，公有；inturn反過來，輪流；inplace在正確位置。]8．C[句意為：在零下130攝氏度，一個活細(xì)胞可以保存一千年。preserve保存，符合題意。]9．A[句意為：兒童的好奇心會引出許多有用的創(chuàng)造。leadto導(dǎo)致；takeplace發(fā)生；gatherin收集；bringaway帶著(某個記憶、回憶)回來。根據(jù)句意選A項。]10．D[句意為：中國文化特別重視這種觀點，即家人應(yīng)該生活在一起。attachvaluetosth.為固定短語，意為“重視，認(rèn)為……有價值〞。charge充電，收費，要價，指控，控告；point指向，說明；present呈現(xiàn)，展示，陳述。]知識運用與閱讀能力專練Ⅰ.語篇解讀Washoe不是普通的黑猩猩，科學(xué)家們通過教給她手勢語和訓(xùn)練她怎樣思考和解決問題，想更多地了解我們?nèi)祟悺?．B[foolish愚蠢的；ordinary普通的；special特別的；simple簡單的。此處指Washoe不是普通的黑猩猩，通過下文對她實驗的描述也可知答案，應(yīng)選B。]2．D[此處指科學(xué)家們正在對她做研究。researchon關(guān)于……的研究，應(yīng)選D。]3．D[experience經(jīng)歷；change改變；develop開展；become成為?？茖W(xué)家們想看看通過馴化她能變成怎樣，應(yīng)選D。]4．C[action行動；view觀點；message信息；feeling感覺。Washoe一直在學(xué)習(xí)怎樣和人交流信息，根據(jù)句意選C。]5．A[sign手勢；human人類；spoken口語的；foreign外國的。科學(xué)家們正教給她手勢語。signlanguage手勢語，應(yīng)選A。]6．D[當(dāng)她想被抱起來的時候，Washoe會豎起自己的一個手指頭。pickup抱起，撿起，應(yīng)選D。]7．A[when當(dāng)……時；until直到；since由于，既然；while然而，當(dāng)……時。句意為：當(dāng)她想刷牙時就用手指摩擦牙齒。表示“當(dāng)……時〞，句中是非延續(xù)性動詞want，故不用while，應(yīng)選A。]8．B[raise舉起，抬高；train訓(xùn)練；order命令；lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，通向。上文講科學(xué)家們想通過馴化研究黑猩猩，此處指她還被訓(xùn)練怎樣思考和解決問題，與上文的civilized同義，應(yīng)選B。]9．C[cave洞穴；zoo動物園；room房間；museum博物館。訓(xùn)練過程中她被放在一個房頂掛著食物的房間，應(yīng)選C。]10．D[pull拉；see看見；eat吃；reach夠得著。此處指食物掛得太高，Washoe夠不著，根據(jù)語境選D。]11．A[problem問題；position位置；food食物；ceiling天花板。Washoe考慮這個問題后就搬來一個大箱子站到上面。此處指如何吃到食物的問題，應(yīng)選A。]12．B[on在……上，此處指站到大箱子上面，根據(jù)句意選B。]13．C[straight直的；strong強壯的；long長的；big大的。因為站到箱子上仍夠不著，Washoe就又找了一根長桿。根據(jù)常識也可知答案，應(yīng)選C。]14．B[wall墻；box箱子；ceiling天花板；pole桿。此處指她爬到箱子上，根據(jù)上文“shegotatallboxtostand〞可知答案，應(yīng)選B。]15．A[knock敲，打；pick撿起；take拿；shake搖動。此處指Washoe用長桿把食物敲打了下來，根據(jù)句意選A。]16．A[live生活；act表現(xiàn)；think思考；play玩耍。根據(jù)下文的afullyfurnishedhouse，playswithhertoys，watchingtelevisionbeforegoingtobed可知，她的生活也像人一樣，應(yīng)選A。]17．C