2010完整專八試題及答案

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2010)-GRADEEIGHT-PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(35MIN)SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.Completethegap-fillingtask.SomeofthegapsbelowmayrequireamaximumofTHREEwords.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammatically&semanticallyacceptable.Youmayrefertoyournotes.ParalinguisticFeaturesofLanguageInface-to-facecommunicationspeakersoftenaltertheirtomesofvoiceorchangetheirphysicalposturesinordertoconveymessages.Thesemeansarecalledparalinguisticfeaturesoflanguage,whichfallintotwocategories.Firstcategory:vocalparalinguisticfeatures(1)__________:toexpressattitudeorintention(1)__________Examples1.whispering:needforsecrecy2.breathiness:deepemotion3.(2)_________:unimportance4.nasality:anxiety(2)__________5.extralip-rounding:greaterintimacySecondcategory:physicalparalinguisticfeaturesfacialexpressions(3)_______(3)__________smiling:signalofpleasureorwelcomelesscommonexpressionseyebrowraising:surpriseorinterestlipbiting:(4)________gesture(4)_________gesturesarerelatedtoculture.Britishcultureshruggingshoulders:(5)________scratchinghead:puzzlementothercultures(5)__________(6)__________placinghanduponheart:(6)_______pointingatnose:secretproximity,postureandechoingproximity:physicaldistancebetweenspeakerscloseness:intimacyorthreat(7)_______:formalityorabsenceofinterestProximityisperson-,culture-and(8)________-specific.posture(7)_________(8)_________hunchedshouldersorahanginghead:toindicate(9)_____(9)________directleveleyecontact:toexpressanopenorchallengingattitudeechoingdefinition:imitationofsimilarposture(10)______:aidincommunicationconsciousimitation:mockerySECTIONBINTERVIEW(10)___________InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.1.AccordingtoDrJohnson,diversitymeansA.mergingofdifferentculturalidentities.B.moreemphasisonhomogeneity.C.embracingofmoreethnicdifferences.D.acceptanceofmorebranchesofChristianity.2.Accordingtotheinterview,whichofthefollowingstatementsinCORRECT?A.Someplacesaremorediversethanothers.B.Townsarelessdiversethanlargecities.C.Diversitycanbeseeneverywhere.D.Americanisatrulydiversecountry.3.AccordingtoDrJohnson,whichplacewillwitnessaradicalchangeinitsracialmakeupby2025?A.MaineB.SelinsgroveC.PhiladelphiaD.California4.DuringtheinterviewDrJohnsonindicatesthatA.greaterracialdiversityexistsamongyoungerpopulations.B.botholderandyoungerpopulationsareraciallydiverse.C.agediversitycouldleadtopensionproblems.D.olderpopulationsaremoreraciallydiverse.5.Accordingtotheinterview,religiousdiversityA.wasmostevidentbetween1990and2000.B.existsamongMuslimimmigrants.C.isrestrictedtocertainplacesintheUS.D.isspreadingtomorepartsofthecountry.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Markthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourcolouredanswersheet.Question6isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.6.Whatisthemainideaofthenewsitem?A.Sonydevelopedacomputerchipforcellphones.B.Japanwillmarketitswalletphoneabroad.C.Thewalletphoneisoneofthewirelessinnovations.D.Readerdevicesareavailableatstoresandstations.Question7and8isbasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.Nowlistentothenews.7.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasthegovernmentsmeasuretocontrolinflation?A.Foreigninvestment.B.Donorsupport.C.Pricecontrol.D.Bankprediction.8.AccordingtoKingdomBank,whatisthecurrentinflationrateinZimbabwe?A.20millionpercent.B.2.2millionpercent.C.11.2millionpercent.D.Over11.2millionpercent.Question9and10arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestion.Nowlistentothenews.9.WhichofthefollowingisCORRECT?A.AbigfireeruptedontheNileRiver.B.Helicopterswereusedtoevacuatepeople.C.Fivepeopleweretakentohospitalforburns.D.Abigfiretookplaceontwofloors.10.ThelikelycauseofthebigfireisA.electricalshort-cut.B.lackoffire-satefymeasures.C.terrorism.D.notknown.PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN)Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolouredanswersheet.TEXTAStill,theimageofanycityhasahalf-lifeofmanyyears.(Sodoesitsname,officiallychangedin2001fromCalcuttatoKolkata,whichisclosertowhatthewordsoundslikeinBengali.ConversinginEnglish,IneverheardanyonecallthecityanythingbutCalcutta.)ToWesterners,theconveyancemostidentifiedwithKolkataisnotitsmodernsubway—afacilitywhosespaciousstationshaveartonthewallsandcricketmatchesontelevisionmonitors—butthehand-pulledrickshaw.Storiesandfilmscelebrateaprimitive-lookingcartwithhighwoodenwheels,pulledbysomeonewholooksclosetoneedingthesuccorofMotherTeresa.Foryearsthegovernmenthasbeentalkingabouteliminatinghand-pulledrickshawsonwhatitcallshumanitariangrounds—principallyonthegroundthat,asthemayorofKolkatahasoftensaid,itisoffensivetoseeonemansweatingandstrainingtopullanotherman.”Butthesedayspoliticiansalsolamenttheimpactof6,000hand-pulledrickshawsonamoderncity’strafficand,particularly,onitsimage.“WesternerstrytoassociatebeggarsandtheserickshawswiththeCalcuttalandscape,butthisisnotwhatCalcuttastandsfor,”thechiefministerofWestBengal,BuddhadebBhattacharjee,saidinapressconferencein2006.“Ourcitystandsforprosperityanddevelopment.”Thechiefminister—theequivalentofastategovernor—wentontoannouncethathand-pulledrickshawssoonwouldbebannedfromthestreetsofKolkata.Rickshawsarenottheretohaularoundtourists.(Actually,IsawalmostnotouristsinKolkata,apartfromtheyoungbackpackersonSudderStreet,inwhatusedtobeared-lightdistrictandisnowsaidtobethesingleplaceinthecitywheretheservicesarickshawpulleroffersmayincludeprovidingfemalecompanytoagentlemanfortheevening.)It’sthepeopleinthelaneswhomostregularlyuserickshaws—notthepoorbutpeoplewhoarejustanotchabovethepoor.Theyarepeoplewhotendtotravelshortdistances,throughlanesthataresometimesinaccessibletoeventhemostdaringtaxidriver.Anolderwomanwithmarketingtodo,forinstance,canarriveinarickshaw,havetherickshawpullerwaituntilshecomesbackfromvariousstallstoloadherpurchases,andthenbetakenhome.Peopleinthelanesuserickshawsasa24-hourambulanceservice.Proprietorsofcaorcornerstoressendrickshawstocollecttheirsupplies.(OnemorningIsawarickshawpullertakeonaloadoflivestiedinpairsbythefeetsotheycouldbedrapedovertheshaftsandthefoldedbackcanopyandeventheaxle.Bythetimehetrottedoff,hewascarryingaboutahundredupside-downchickens.)Therickshawpullerstoldmetheirsteadiestcustomersareschoolchildren.Middle-classfamiliescontractwithapullertotakeachildtoschoolandpickhimup;thepulleressentiallybecomesafamilyretainer.FromJunetoSeptemberKolkatacangettorrentialrains,anditsdrainagesystemdoesn’tneedtorrentialraintobeginbackingup.ResidentswhofavoratouchofhyperbolesaythatinKolkata“ifastraycatpees,there’saflood.”Duringmystayitoncerainedforabout48hours.Entireneighborhoodscouldn’tbereachedbymotorizedvehicles,andthenewspapersshowedpicturesofrickshawsbeingpulledthroughwaterthatwasuptothepulleWhenit’sraining,thenormalcustomerbaseforrickshawpullersexpandsgreatly,asdoesthepriceofajourney.AwriterinKolkatatoldmeitrains,eventhegovernortakesrickshaws.”WhileIwasinKolkata,amagazinecalledIndiaTodaypublisheditsannualrankingofIndianstates,accordingtosuchmeasurementsasprosperityandinfrastructure.AmongIndia’s20largeststates,Biharfinisheddeadlast,asithasforfourofthepastfiveyears.Bihar,acouplehundredmilesnorthofKolkata,iswherethevastmajorityofrickshawpullerscomefrom.OnceinKolkata,theysleeponthestreetorintheirrickshawsorinaderaacombinationgarageandrepairshopanddormitorymanagedbysomeonecalledasardar.Forsleepingprivilegesinadera,pullerspay100rupees(about$2.50)amonth,whichsoundslikeaprettygooddealuntilyou’vevisitedadera.Theygrossbetween100and150rupeesaday,outofwhichtheyhavetopay20rupeesfortheuseoftherickshawandanoccasional75ormoreforapayoffifapolicemanstopsthemfor,say,crossingastreetwhererickshawsareprohibited.A2003studyfoundthatrickshawpullersarenearthebottomofKolkataoccupationsinincome,doingbetterthanonlytheragpickersandthebeggars.Forsomeonewithoutlandoreducation,thatstillbeatstryingtomakealivinginBihar.TherearepeopleinKolkata,particularlyeducatedandpoliticallyawarepeople,whowillnotrideinarickshaw,becausetheyareoffendedbytheideaofbeingpulledhumanbeingorbecausetheyconsideritnotthesortofthingpeopleoftheirstationdoorbecausetheyregardthehand-pulledrickshawasarelicofcolonialism.Ironically,someofthosepeoplearenotenthusiasticaboutbanningrickshaws.TheeditoroftheeditorialpagesofKolkata’sTelegraph—RudrangshuMukherjee,aformeracademicwhostillwriteshistorybooks—toldme,forinstance,thatheseeshumanitarianconsiderationsascomingdownonthesideofkeepinghand-pulledrickshawsontheroad.“Irefusetobecarriedbyanotherhumanbeingmyself,”hesaid,“butIquestionwhetherwehavetherighttotakeawaytheirlivelihood.”Rickshawsupporterspointoutthatwhenitcomestodemeaningoccupations,rickshawpullersarehardlyuniqueinKolkata.WhenIaskedonerickshawpullerifhethoughtthegovernmen’plantoridthecityofrickshawswasbasedonagenuineinterestinhiswelfare,hesmiled,withaquickshakeofhishead—agestureIinterpretedtomean,“Ifyouaresonaiveastoasksuchaquestion,Iwillanswerit,butitisnotworthwastingwordson.”SomerickshawpullersImetwereresignedtotheimminentendoftheirlivelihoodandpintheirhopesonbeingofferedsomethinginitsplace.Asmigrantworkers,theydon’thavethepoliticalcloutenjoyedby,say,Kolkata’ssidewalkhawkers,who,aftersupposedlybeingscaledbackatthebeginningofthemodernizationdrive,stillclogthesidewalks,sellingabsolutelyeverything—or,asIfoundduringthe48hoursofrain,absolutelyeverythingbutumbrellas.“Thegovernmentwasthegovernmentofthepoorpeople,”onesardartoldme.“Nowtheyshakehandswiththecapitalistsandtrytogetridofpoorpeople.”ButothersinKolkatabelievethatrickshawswillsimplybeconfinedmorestrictlytocertainneighborhoods,outoftheviewofWorldBanktrafficconsultantsandCaliforniainvestmentdelegations—orthattheywillbeallowedtodieoutnaturallyasthey’resupplantedbymoremodernconveyances.BuddhadebBhattacharjee,afterall,isnotthefirsthighWestBengalofficialtosaythatrickshawswouldbeoffthestreetsofKolkatainamatterofmonths.Similarstatementshavebeenmadeasfarbackas1976.ThebandecreedbyBhattacharjeehasbeendelayedbyacourtcaseandbyawidelyheldbeliefthatsomeretrainingorsocialsecuritysettlementoughttobeofferedtorickshawdrivers.Itmayalsohavebeendelayedbyaquietreluctancetogiveupsomethingthathasbeenpartofthefabricofthecityformorethanacentury.Kolkata,aresidenttoldme,“hasdifficultylettinggo.”O(jiān)nedayacityofficialhandedmeareportfromthemunicipalgovernmentlayingoutoptionsforhowrickshawpullersmightberehabilitated.“Whichoptionhasbeenchosen?”Iasked,notingthatthereportwasdatedalmostexactlyayearbeforemyvisit.“Thathasn’tbeendecided,”hesaid.“Whenwillitbedecided?”“Thathasn’tbeendecided,”hesaid.11.Accordingtothepassage,rickshawsareusedinKolkatamainlyforthefollowingEXCEPTA.takingforeigntouristsaroundthecity.B.providingtransporttoschoolchildren.C.carryingstoresuppliesandpurchasesD.carryingpeopleovershortdistances.12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestherickshawpullersfromBihar?A.Theycomefromarelativelypoorarea.B.Theyareprovidedwithdecentaccommodation.C.TheirlivingstandardsareverylowinKolkata.D.Theyareoftencaughtbypolicemeninthestreets.13.That“Forsomeonewithoutlandoreducation,thatstillbeatstryingtomakealivinginBihar”(4paragraph)meansthatevenso,A.thepoorprefertoworkandliveinBihar.B.thepoorfromBiharfarebetterthanbackhome.C.thepoornevertrytomakealivinginBihar.D.thepoorneverseemtoresenttheirlifeinKolkata.14.WecaninferfromthepassagethatsomeeducatedandpoliticallyawarepeopleA.holdmixedfeelingstowardsrickshaws.B.stronglysupportthebanonrickshaws.C.callforhumanitarianactionsfrorickshawpullers.D.keepquietontheissueofbanningrickshaws.15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsconveystheauthor’ssenseofhumor?A.“…notthepoorbutpeoplewhoarejustanotchabovethepoor.”(2paragraph)B.“…,.whichsoundslikeaprettygooddealuntilyou’vevisitedadera.”(4paragraph)C.Kolkata,aresidenttoldme,“hasdifficultylettinggo.”(7paragraph).D.“…or,asIfoundduringthe48hoursofrain,absolutelyeverythingbutumbrellas.”(6paragraph)16.ThedialoguebetweentheauthorandthecityofficialattheendofthepassageseemstosuggestA.theuncertaintyofthecourt’sdecision.B.theinefficiencyofthemunicipalgovernment.C.thedifficultyoffindingagoodsolution.D.theslownessinprocessingoptions.TEXTBDependingonwhomyoubelieve,theaverageAmericanwill,overalifetime,waitinlinesfortwoyears(saysNationalPublicRadio)orfiveyears(accordingtocustomer-loyaltyexperts).Thecrucialwordisaverage,aswealthyAmericansroutinelyavoidlinesaltogether.Oncethemostdemocraticofinstitutions,linesarerapidlybecomingtheexclusiveprovinceofsuckers(peoplewhostillbelieveinandpracticewaitinginlines).Poorsuckers,mostly.AirportsresembleFrancebeforetheRevolution:first-classpassengersenjoy"élite"securitylinesandpriorityboarding,anddisembarkbeforetheunwashedincoach,heldatbaybyaflightattendant,areallowedtofoultheJetway.Atamusementparks,too,youcannowbuyyourwayoutofline.ThissummerIhaplesslywatchedkidsusea$52GoldFlashPasstojumpthelinesatSixFlagsNewEngland,andsimilarsystemsareinuseinmostmajorAmericanthemeparks,fromUniversalOrlandotoWaltDisneyWorld,wherethehavesgettowatchthehave-moresbreezepastontheirwaytotheirseats.FlashPassteacheschildrenavaluablelessoninreal-worldeconomics:thatthericharemoreimportantthanyou,especiallywhenitcomestowaiting.AnNBAplayeroncesaidtome,withabemusedchuckleofdisbelief,thatwhenplayinginCanada--getthis--"wehavetowaitinthesamecustomslineaseverybodyelse."Almosteverylinecanbebreachedforaprice.InseveralU.S.citiesthissummer,earlyarriversamongtheearlyadopterswaitingtobuyiPhonesofferedtoselltheirspotsinthelines.OnCraigslist,prospectiveiPhonepurchasersofferedtopay"waiters"or"placeholders"towaitinlineforthemoutsideApplestores.Inevitably,somesemi-populistpoliticianshaveseenthevalueofsort-ofwaitinginlineswiththeordinarypeople.ThissummerPhiladelphiamayorJohnStreetwaitedoutsideanAT&Tstorefrom3:30a.m.to11:30a.m.beforeastand-infromhisofficeliterallystoodinforthemayorwhileheconductedofficialbusiness.AndbillionaireNewYorkmayorMichaelBloombergoftenwaitsforthesubwaywithhisfellowcitizens,thoughhe'sfirstdrivenbymotorcadepastthestopnearesthishousetoastation22blocksaway,wherethewait,oratleasttheride,isshorter.Asearlyaselementaryschool,we'retoldthatjumpingthelineisanunethicalact,whichiswhysomanyU.S.lawmakershaveframedtheimmigrationdebateasakindoffundamentalsinoftheschoollunchline.AlabamaSenatorRichardShelby,tocitejustonelegislator,saidamnestywouldallowillegalimmigrants"tocutinlineaheadofmillionsofpeople."Nothingannoysanationallawmakermorethanapersonwhowillnotwaitinline,unlessthatlineisinfrontofanelevatorattheU.S.Capitol,whereSenatorsandRepresentativesuseprivateelevators,lesttheyhavetoqueuewiththeirconstituents.Butcompromisingtheintegrityofthelineisnotjustantidemocratic,it'sout-of-date.TherewassomethingabouttheorderlyboardingofNoah'sArk,twobytwo,thatseemedtorestorenotjustcivilizationbutcivilityduringtheGreatFlood.Howcivilwasyourlastflight?SouthwestAirlineshasfirst-come,first-servedfestivalseating.Butfor$5perflight,anunaffiliatedcompanycalledBoardFwillsecureyouacoveted"A"boardingpasswhenthatairlineopensforonlinecheck-in24hoursbeforedeparture.Thus,thesavvytravelerdoesn'tevenwaitinlinewhenheorsheisonline.Someculturesarenotrenownedforliningup.Thenagain,someculturesaretooadeptatliningup:acitizenoftheformerSovietUnionwouldjoinaqueuejustsohecouldgettotheheadofthatqueueandseewhateveryonewasqueuingfor.AndthenthereistheU.S.,wheresocietyseemstobecleavingintotwogroups:VeryImportantPersons,whodon'twait,andVeryImpatientPersons,whodo--unhappily.Forthoseofusinthelattergroup--consignedtocoach,bereftofFlashPass,toopoororpropertopayaplaceholder--whatdowedo?WedowhatVladimirandEstragondidinWaitingforGodot:"Wewait.Wearebored."17.Whatdoesthefollowingsentencemean?“Oncethemostdemocraticofinstitutions,linesarerapidlybecomingtheexclusiveprovinceofsuckers…Poorsuckers,mostly.”(2paragraph)A.LinesaresymbolicofAmerica’sdemocracy.B.LinesstillgiveAmericansequalopportunities.C.LinesarenowforordinaryAmericansonly.D.Linesareforpeoplewithdemocraticspiritonly.18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasanexampleofbreachingtheline?A.GoingthroughthecustomsataCanadianairport.B.UsingGoldFlashPassesinamusementparks.C.First-classpassengerstatusatairports.D.Purchaseofaplaceinalinefromaplaceholder.19.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatpoliticians(includingmayorsandCongressmen)A.prefertostandinlineswithordinarypeople.B.advocatethevalueofwaitinginlines.C.believeinandpracticewaitinginlines.D.exploitwaitinginlinesfortheirowngood.20.Whatisthetoneofthepassage?A.Instructive.B.Humorous.C.Serious.D.Teasing.TEXTCAbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycolouredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Bbylonian,awhilepalacewithtenthousandlights.Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandllightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcorner.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywerealthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavouritefloor,whreanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamourofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,ssleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.21.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteelsuggeststhatA.modernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxuriousappearance.B.therewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthecafé..C.thearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingmaterials.D.thecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicstrength.22.Thefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shopEXCEPTA.“…turnedBabylonian”.B.“perhapsanewbarbarism’.C.“acresofwhitenapery”.D.“balancedtothelasthalfpenny”.23.Initscontextthestatementthat“theplacewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedtoA.pleasesimplepeopleinasimpleway.B.exploitgulliblepeoplelikehim.C.satisfyademandthatalreadyexisted.D.providerelaxationfortiredyoungmen.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTtrue?A.Thecaféappealedtomostsensessimultaneously.B.Thecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofwarmth.C.Theinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatheroutside.D.Itstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféowners.25.ThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTthatA.theentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaystation.B.theorchestraiscomparedtoamagnet.C.Turgiswelcomedtheliftlikeaconqueringsoldier.D.theinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmcountries.26.TheauthorsattitudetothecaféisA.fundamentallycritical.B.slightlyadmiring.C.quiteundecided.D.completelyneutral.TEXTDINowelsewhereintheworld,Icelandmaybespokenof,somewhatbreathlessly,aswesternEurope’slastpristinewilderness.ButtheenvironmentalawarenessthatissweepingtheworldhadbypassedthemajorityofIcelanders.Certainlytheywereconnectedtotheirland,thewayoneiscomplicatedlyconnectedto,orencumberedby,familyonecadoanythingabout.Butthetruthis,onceyooffthebeat-enpathsofthelow-lyingcoastalareaswhereeveryonelives,theroadsarefew,andallbad,soIceland’snaturalwondershavebeenoutofreachandunknowneventoitsowninhab-itants.Forthemthelandhasalwaysjustbeenthere,somethingthathadtobedealtwithand,ifpossible,exploited—themind-setbeingoneoflandascommodityratherthanlandas,well,pricelessartonthescaleofthe“MonaLisa.”Whentheopportunityarosein2003forthenationalpowercompanytoenterintoa40-yearcontractwiththeAmericanaluminumcompanyAlcoatosupplyhydroelectricpowerforanewsmelter,thosewhohadbeendreamingofsome-thinglikethisfordecadesjumpedatitandneverlookedback.Icelandmayatthemomentbeoneoftheworld’srichestcountries,witha99percentliteracyrateandlonglifeexpectancy.Buttheadvocates,someofthemgettingoninyears,weremoreemotionallyattunedtothecountcenturyuponcenturyofwant,hardship,andcolonialservitudetoDenmark,whichofficiallyhadendedonlyin1944andwhosepsychologicalimprintremainedrelativelyfresh.Forthelongesttime,lifeherehadmeantlittlemorethanasodhut,darkallwinter,cold,nohope,childrendyingleftandright,earthquakes,plagues,starvation,volcanoeseruptinganddestroyingallvegeta-tionandlivestock,allspirit—aworldrevolvingalmostentirelyaroundthewelfareofone’ssheepand,later,onhowgoodthecodcatchwas.Intheoutlyingregions,itstilllargelydoes.Ostensibly,theAlcoaprojectwasintendedtosaveoneofthesedyingregions—theremoteandsparselypopulatedeast—wherethewayoflifehadsteadilydeclinedtoapointofdesperationandgloom.Afterfishingquotaswereimposedintheearly1980stoprotectfishstocks,manyindi-vidualboatownerssoldtheirallotmentsorgavethemaway,fishingrightsendedupmostlyinthehandsofafewcompanies,andsmallfishermenwerevirtuallywipedout.Technologicaladvancesdrainedawayevenmorejobspreviouslydonebyhumanhands,andthepeoplewereseeingevery-thingtheyhadworkedforalltheirlivesturnupworthlessandtheirchildrenmoveaway.Withtheoldwayoflifedoomed,aluminumprojectslikethisonehadcometobeperceived,wiselyornot,asalastchance.“Smelterordeath.”ThecontractwithAlcoawouldinfusethere-gionwithforeigncapital,anestimated400jobs,andspin-offserviceindustries.ItalsowasawayforIcelandtodevelopexpertisethatpotentiallycouldbesoldtotherestoftheworld;diversifyaneconomyhistoricallydependentonfish;and,inanappealingdisplayofIcelandiccan-doverve,perhapsevenprotectallofIceland,onceandforall,fromtheunpredictabilityoflifeitself.“Wehavetolive,”Halldórsgrímssonsaidinhissad,sonorousvoice.Halldór,aformerprimeministerandlongtimememberofparliamentfromtheregion,wasadrivingforcebehindtheproject.“Wehavearighttolive.”27.Accordingtothepassage,mostIcelandersviewlandassomethingofA.environmentalvalue.B.commercialvalue.C.potentialvaluefortourism.D.greatvalueforlivelihood.28.WhatisIceland’sold-agedadvocates’feelingtowardstheAlcoaproject?A.Icelandiswealthyenoughtorejecttheproject.B.Theprojectwouldlowerlifeexpectancy.C.Theprojectwouldcauseenvironmentalproblems.D.Theprojectsymbolizesandendtothecoloniallegacies.29.ThedisappearanceoftheoldwayoflifewasduetoallthefollowingEX