拱頂冷熱熔鹽儲罐焊接施工準(zhǔn)備

拱頂冷熱熔鹽儲罐焊接施工準(zhǔn)備3ConstructionPreparation3.1焊工考試3.1WelderExamination3.1.1所有參加熔鹽罐制作安裝工程的焊工必須經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格的審核和正規(guī)的崗前培訓(xùn)，持證上崗，對從事埋弧焊、氣體保護(hù)焊和手工焊的焊工，應(yīng)按GB50236-2011《現(xiàn)場設(shè)備、工藝管道焊接工程施工規(guī)范》焊工考核的有關(guān)規(guī)定進(jìn)行考試。3.1.1Allwelderswhowilltakeparticipationinthemanufactureandinstallationofthehotmeltingsalttankmustreceivestrictreviewingandregulatedpre-jobtrainingandobtaincertificatesbeforebeingappointedthepost.Thewelderswhotakeparticipationinthesubmergedwelding,gasshieldedweldingandmanualweldingshouldtakeexaminationasperrelevantregulationsforassessmentofweldersinFieldEquipment,GB50236-2011ProcessPipelineWeldingConstructionSpecification.3.1.2對于首次施焊SA-516Gr.70N鋼板的焊工，必須考試合格，才允許進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的焊接工作。3.1.2ThewelderwhofirstweldsSA-516Gr.70Nsteelplatemusttaketheexaminationandthenbeappointedtoconducttheweldingworkafterexaminationqualification.3.1.3根據(jù)現(xiàn)場情況，在正式開工前，完成焊工考試情況。按焊工實(shí)際焊接類型分別進(jìn)行考試?？荚嚭细窈?，方可進(jìn)行焊接操作。3.1.3Accordingtofieldsituation,thewelderexaminationshouldbecompletedbeforeformalstartingoftheconstruction.Theexaminationshouldbepreparedinlinewiththeactualweldingtyperespectivelywhichwillbeperformedbythewelder.Theexaminationqualifiedwelderwillbeawardedwithwelderqualificationcertificateandwillbeappointedthepostinlinewithcertificate.Noweldingjobforwelderwhofailedtobeawardedwithwelderqualificationcertificate.3.1.4焊接工作進(jìn)行前，焊接技術(shù)員要對所有焊工進(jìn)行焊接技術(shù)交底，讓焊工熟知焊接工藝方案，熟練掌握所焊部位的材質(zhì)種類和所采用的工藝方法，如坡口形式、焊材選用、焊接電壓電流調(diào)節(jié)、焊接速度控制等，讓焊工了解焊接應(yīng)力與焊接缺陷的危害與預(yù)防措施。3.1.4Beforewelding,theweldingtechnicianshoulddelivertechnicaldetailsdisclosuretoallwelderstomakeeachwelderbefamiliarwiththeweldingtechnologyplan,toperfectlymasterthematerialsclassificationandapplicabletechnologyfortheweldingparts,suchasgrooveshape,weldingmaterialsselection,regulationofweldingvoltageandcurrent,andweldingspeedcontrol,inordertomaketheweldersunderstandthehazardsandpreventionmeasuresofweldingstressandweldingdefects.3.2焊接設(shè)備3.2Weldingdevice直流電焊機(jī)、CO2氣體保護(hù)焊焊機(jī)、埋弧自動平（角）焊機(jī)等。焊接設(shè)備的電流表、電壓表、等儀表、儀器以及規(guī)范參數(shù)調(diào)節(jié)裝置應(yīng)定期進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。上述表、計(jì)裝置失靈時，不得進(jìn)行焊接。手工電弧焊、氬弧焊焊機(jī)必須集中放置在離焊接區(qū)較近的焊機(jī)棚內(nèi)；自動焊根據(jù)現(xiàn)場需要進(jìn)行放置，放置焊接設(shè)備的場地必須保持通風(fēng)良好、干燥、維修方便。Weldingequipment:DCwelder,CO2gasshieldedweldingmachine,automaticsubmergedarcflatfilletwelder,etc.Ammeter,voltmeter,andotherspecificationparameteradjustingdevicesshallbeinspectedperiodically.Whentheaforesaidmeterandmeteringdevicefailtofunction,weldingshallnotbeperformed.SMAWandGTAWweldermustbecollectivelyplacedintheweldmachineshed,nearbytheweldzone,theautomaticweldmachinetobeplacedaccordingtothesiteneeds.Theweldmachinesshedmustbekeptwellventilated,dryandeasymaintaining.3.3焊接材料Weldingmaterials:焊接材料應(yīng)具有產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量證明文件，符合現(xiàn)行國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，且實(shí)物與證明書上的批號相符，外觀檢查時，焊條的藥皮不得有受潮、脫落或明顯的裂紋；焊絲在使用前應(yīng)清除其表面的油污、銹蝕等；埋弧自動焊絲、焊劑必須放在干燥處妥善保管；低氫型焊材需按照批次、規(guī)格不同，分別取樣送有資質(zhì)試驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行熔敷金屬的擴(kuò)散氫含量檢測，擴(kuò)散氫含量以不超過4mg/100g為合格。Weldingmaterialsshallhavecertificateofqualificationandshallmeetthestipulationsofthecurrentnationalstandard,andlotnumberonthematerialpackageshallconformtothecertificate;Electrodeshallbefreeofmoisture,fallingorapparentcrackduringvisualinspection;Weldingwireshallbefreeofoilstain,ruststainandsoonpriortousage;Submergedautomaticarcweldingwireandfluxshallkeepinadryplaceproperly;焊接材料入庫前檢查其裝箱單，出廠質(zhì)量證明書等文件，檢查焊材包裝等情況及核對標(biāo)識后方可入庫。焊材入庫后應(yīng)根據(jù)焊材種類、型號、批號分類存放，存放焊材的庫房應(yīng)干燥、退風(fēng)，庫內(nèi)溫度應(yīng)大于50℃，相對濕度不大于60%；焊材應(yīng)放在焊材架上，離開地面和墻壁的距離不小于300mm，應(yīng)安放濕度計(jì)并做好記錄。Beforereceivingweldingmaterials,itisrequiredtocheckitspackinglist,leave-factoryqualitycertificateandotherdocuments,weldingmaterialpackages,andidentifications.Whentheweldingmaterialisreceived,itshallbestoredasperitscategory,type,andbatchnumberrespectively,andtheweldingmaterialstorageroomshallbedry,ventilated,roomtemperatureshallbelargerthan50C,relativehumidityshallnotbelargerthan60%;weldingmaterialsshallbeputontheweldingmaterialsupport,itsdistancetothegroundandwallshallnotbelessthan300mm,andhumiditymetershallbeinstalledanditsreadingshallbewellrecorded.焊接材料設(shè)專人保管，掌握焊材庫的溫度、濕度狀況及焊材庫存量、出庫量，并必須設(shè)去濕劑。Weldingmaterialsshallbekeptbedesignatedperson,temperature,humidity,inventory,distributionamountoftheweldingmaterialstorageroomshallbemastered,andthede-wettingagentshallbeused.焊條和焊劑烘干設(shè)專職烘干員，并按廠家說明書要求進(jìn)行烘烤，如無規(guī)定按下表要求烘烤。在使及過程中保持干燥，焊條烘干數(shù)量要有計(jì)劃，根據(jù)工程的進(jìn)展情況，適量的進(jìn)行烘干。烘干時，要經(jīng)常打開通風(fēng)孔并打開風(fēng)扇，驅(qū)除潮氣，焊條、焊劑放進(jìn)或取出時，干燥箱內(nèi)溫度不得低于200℃；烘干合格后的焊條放入恒溫箱內(nèi)。焊工取焊條時，必須攜帶焊條筒，隨用隨領(lǐng)。同一焊條筒內(nèi)不準(zhǔn)放入兩種不同規(guī)格的焊條，以免用錯。當(dāng)濕度為80%-90%時，使用時間不超過2小時。濕度小于80%時，使用時間不超過4小時，超過這些時間，應(yīng)按規(guī)定重新烘干，焊條再烘干的次數(shù)，一般不超過2次。烘干焊條要使用遠(yuǎn)紅外線式焊條烘干箱和保溫箱，箱內(nèi)不得烘干除焊條、焊劑以外的物品，干濕溫度計(jì)要定期校驗(yàn)。焊條烘干員應(yīng)及時做好《焊條烘干記錄》、《焊材發(fā)放記錄》、《焊材庫溫濕度記錄》，記錄時寫全焊材的使用部位、材料名稱、牌號、批號等內(nèi)容。對于回收的焊條，應(yīng)分類存放，重新烘干，不得與未使用的焊條混放。Thedesignatedpersonshallbearrangedtoneresponsiblefordryingelectrodeandflux,anditshallbedriedaspertheinstructionofthemanufacturer,ifnostipulationismade,belowtableshallbefollowed.Duringusageprocess,itisrequiredtokeepdry,theelectrodeshallbedriedasperthescheduledquantity,anddryingoperationshallbeproperlymadeaspertheprojectprogress.Duringdryingprocess,ventshallbeopenedandfanshallbeusedfrequentlytoremovemoisture;whenelectrodeandfluxareused,temperatureinthedryershallnotbelessthan200℃;Afteritisdriedthoroughly,theelectrodeshallbeputintothermostat.Whentheweldingoperatortakesouttheelectrode,quivermustbecarriedforplacingtheelectrode.Thesamequivershallnotbeplacedwithelectrodeofdifferentspecificationsoastoavoidmisapplication.Whenthehumidityis80%-90%,usagetimeshallnotbemorethantwohours.Whenthehumidityislessthan80%,theusagetimeshallnotbemorethanfourhours,otherwise,itshallbedriedagain,butthedryingtimesfortheelectrodeshallnotbemoretwiceingeneral.Itisrequiredtousefar-infraredelectrodedryingovenandincubatortodrytheelectrode,besideelectrodeandweldingflux,nootherarticleisallowedtobedriedintheoven,anddryandwetbulbthermometershallbecalibr