農(nóng)業(yè)昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)蔬菜害蟲(chóng)

農(nóng)業(yè)昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)蔬菜害蟲(chóng)第1頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)第二節(jié)農(nóng)業(yè)害蟲(chóng)種類概述中國(guó)主要蔬菜種類簡(jiǎn)介中國(guó)主要蔬菜害蟲(chóng)種類簡(jiǎn)介蔬菜地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)蔬菜害蟲(chóng)的發(fā)生特點(diǎn)及對(duì)防治的要求第2頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)P(yáng)art1

中國(guó)主要蔬菜種類第3頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group1ChineseCabbageGroupFloweringChineseCabbage—菜心Pak-choi—白菜、油菜ChineseCabbageetc.Family:CruciferaeGenus:

Brassica—蕓薹屬第4頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group2ColeCrop-甘藍(lán)類

Chinesekale-芥藍(lán)Cauliflower-花椰菜Broccoli-綠菜花Cabbage-甘藍(lán)Family:CruciferaeGenus:

Brassica第5頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group3

GreenVegetablesWaterspinach-空心菜Lettuce-生菜Celery-芹菜

Family:Convolvulaceae–旋花科Compositae—菊科

Chenopdiaceae—藜科第6頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group4

Gourds—葫蘆類

Chieh-qua-節(jié)瓜Waxgourd（wintermelon)-冬瓜CucumberSpongegourd-絲瓜Pumpkin,etc.Family:Cucumbitaceae-葫蘆科第7頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group5

Vegetablelegumes-豆類AsparagusbeanKidneybean-蕓豆

Vegetablepea-豌豆

Vegetablesoybean—毛豆Family:

Laguminosae-豆科第8頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)

Group6

SolanaceousFruits-茄果類TomatoEggplantPepper,etc.Family:

Solanaceous第9頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group7

Root

VegetableRadish-蘿卜Carrot-胡蘿卜Tablebeet.—櫻桃蘿卜Family:CruciferaeUmbelliferae第10頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group8

TuberCropsTaro-芋頭Yam-山藥YambeanGinger-姜Potato,etc.Family:

Araceae-天南星科Dioscoreaceae--薯蕷科

Zingiberceae—姜科

第11頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group9

BulbCropsOnionChinesechive-韭菜Garlic-大蒜Scallion-蔥,etc.Family:

Liliaceae第12頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Group10

AquaticVegetables

Watercress—西洋芹lotusroot-蓮藕Chinesearrowhead-慈姑Waterbamboo-茭白,etc.Family:

CruciferaeNymphaeaceae—睡蓮科Alismatacea-澤瀉科（慈姑）Gramineae-禾本科第13頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)一、中國(guó)蔬菜

主要害蟲(chóng)簡(jiǎn)介第14頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)十字花科蔬菜害蟲(chóng)鱗翅目

小菜蛾、菜青蟲(chóng)斜紋夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、粉紋夜蛾、菜螟

同翅目甘藍(lán)蚜、蘿卜蚜桃蚜鞘翅目黃條曲跳甲大、小猿葉甲

茄、瓜、豆類蔬菜害蟲(chóng)鱗翅目

棉鈴蟲(chóng)、煙青蟲(chóng)、玉米穗蛾小地老虎、豇豆莢螟、豆野螟粉虱類煙粉虱（A型、B型）溫室白粉虱、紋翅粉虱螨類朱砂葉螨、截形葉螨、二斑葉螨、側(cè)多食跗線螨其它節(jié)瓜薊馬、瓜蚜、美洲斑潛蠅、黃守瓜、黑守瓜害蟲(chóng)種類第15頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)小菜蛾P(guān)lutellaxylostella(L.)

Diamondbackmoth第16頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)菜青蟲(chóng)

Pierisrapae(L.)

CabbageButterfly1.ItshostincludeBrassicaspecies.CultivatedandwildCruciferae.ItiswidespreadthroughoutEuropeandmuchofAsia,NorthAfrica,Australia,NewZealand,Hawaii,Canada,USAandMexico.2.Damage:Thelarvaefeedsingly,usuallydeepinthecabbageheart,makingholesintheleaves,eveneatupallleafblade,onlythemainveinsareleft,withfrassaccumulation.Thecaterpillarsprefertofeedinthe‘heart’ofthecabbageandoccasionallycauseheavyinfestationsandpartialdefoliation.InGuangdongProvincetheremaybe7-8generationsperyear.

3.IdentificationAdult:Adultisawhitebutterflywithawingspanabout45-55mminthefemale.Thewingsbearseveralblackmarkings.Eggs:Thebulletin-likeeggsarelaidsinglyonlowsurfaceoftheleaves.Therearemanyverticalridgesonthesurfaceofegg.Larva:

Fully-grownlarvaisabout30mmlong,velvetygreenwithafaintyellowdorsalstrip,andarowofyellowspotsalongeachsideinlinewiththespiracles.

Pupa:Thepupaisshuttle-likeform,sharplyangled,attachedusuallytotheundersideoftheleafbyaloopofsilk.EggsLarvaAdultPupa第17頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)1.Itisatotallypolyphagouspestandfeedonaverywiderangeofcropsincludingvegetables,cotton,rice,tomatoandtobacco.OtherhostplantsincludeCitrus,cacao,sweetpotato,rubberlegumes,sorghum,maizeetc.2.Distribution:ItmainlydistributesinSouthandEasternOldWorldtropics,includingPakistan,India,Bangladesh,SriLanka,China,Korea,Japan,Thailand,Vietnam,Philippines,Indonesia,Austral-Asia,Pacificislands,HawaiiandFiji.3.Damage:Thiscaterpillarisbasicallyaleaf-eater.Heavyinfestationscanseriouslydefoliatethecrops,especiallytheyoungplants.Newlyhatchedlarvaearegregariousandremaintogetherandskeletonizetheleafonwhichtheyfeed.Latertheydisperseandbecomemoresolitaryandnocturnalinhabits.Onegenerationcanbecompletedinaslittleas24-30days,andinthehumidtropicstheremaybe8generationsannually.

4.Identification:Adult:Theadultsarepalebrownishmoth,withtheyellow-brownforewinghavingadistinctivepalebandmedially:wingspanis30-40mm.Eggs:Eggsarespherical(0.3mm)indiameter,andlaidontheundersidesofleavesinbatchesof100-300andcoveredwithyellowcoloredhair-scales.Eachfemalelaysabout100-2000eggs,hatchingrequires2-6days.Larvae:Thenewlyhatchedlarvaearepalegreenatfirst,andwithadistinctblackbandonthefirstabdominalsegment.Latertheybecomebrownwithdarkmarking,withyellowlateralanddorsalstripes.Thelateralyellowstripisbordereddorsallywithaseriesofsemi-lunarmarks.

Pupa:Pupationtakesplaceinthesoilinanearthencell,justbeneaththesurface,Thepupaisdarkred,15-20mmlong.

斜紋夜蛾Spodoptera

litura

(F.)

CommonLeafworm

AdultEggsLarvae第18頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)1.Itattacksmorethan170differentspeciesofhostplantsincludingcabbage,radish,lettuce,eggplant,pepper,tomatoes,potatoes,beansgourds,rice,cotton,sugarbeet,tobacco,etc.2.Distribution:Africa,SoutheastAsia,CentralandSouthEurope,MiddleEast,Australia,SouthernUSA,India,SouthernChina,Philippines,Indonesia,andCanada.3.Damage:Younglarvaeeatfoliagewithinwebsundersideoftheleaves.Thecaterpillarsaregregarious,movinginswarms,anddestroyingtheyoungleavesandstemsofthehostplants.Youngseedlingscanbecompletelydestroyed,butolderplantsoftenrecoverafteranattackandmaybestillvigorously.Younglarvaeskeletonizetheundersideoftheleaves,butlaterastheygrowtheyeattheentirelamina.InSouthChinathereareusuallyeightgenerations.4.Identification:Adult:Theadultisasmallbrownmothofwingspanupto25mm,andtheforewingisgrayish-brownwithtwoyellowspotsnearthecenter.Thehindwingisatranslucentwhitewithnarrowbrownborders,Therearerathernondescriptinappearanceandnoteasytorecognize.Eggs:Eggsarelaidontheleavesofthehostplants,inclusters,severallayersthick,andcoveredwithhairsfromthefemaleabdomen.Eachclustercontains50-300eggs,onefemalecanlay300-900eggs(upto1700).Eggsusuallyhatchafter2-4days.Larvae:

Thelarvaeareverygregarious,atfirstgreen,laterbecomingvariablegreenorbrownusuallywithalateralstrip.Younglarvaeskeletonizetheundersideoftheleaves,butastheygrowtheyeattheentirelamina.Pupa:Pupationtakesplaceinthesoilandlastsabout6days.甜菜夜蛾

Spodopteraexigua

BeetArmyworm

AdultEggsLarvae第19頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)粉紋夜蛾

Trichoplusiani

Cabbagelooper

EggsLarvae第20頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)蔬菜蚜蟲(chóng)

Vegetable

aphids1蘿卜蚜

Lipaphiserysimi

TurnipAphid2桃蚜

Myzuspericae

GreenPeachAphid3甘藍(lán)蚜

Brevicoryne

brassicae

CabbageAphid1.Cabbageaphidandturnipaphidmainlyfeedoncruciferae.CabbageaphidpreferscabbageandotherBrassicasppbutturnipaphidlikesChinesecabbageandradishbetter.Greenpeachaphidistrulyapolyphagousspecies;about875plantsin35differentfamiliesarerecordedasitshosts.Themainhostispeach,thealternativehostsincludepotato,tomato,tobacco,beet,cerealsandvegetables.AllthreespeciesofaphidsoccurcommonlyandmixedoncruciferousvegetablesinChina.2.DistributionCabbageaphid:Theaphiddistributesthroughouttheworldintemperateandsubtropicalclimates.InChinaitoccursnearlyallpartsofthecountrybesidesTibet.Turnipaphid:Mostlyintemperateandsubtropicsregions.InChinaitisdominatespeciesinXinjiangautonomicdistract.Greenaphid:Acompletelycosmopolitanspecieswithaworldwidedistribution.AllspeciesoftheaphidsoccuryeararoundinSouthChina.Noeggsarefoundinthehostplantsduringthewinter.Allstagesofthepestscanbefoundonthevegetablecropsinwinterseason.Theyreproducebyparthenogenesis.Thepopulationincreasesveryrapidlyunderfavoriteconditions.3.Damage:Cabbageaphid:Theaphidattacksmanycrucifers,especiallycabbage,cauliflower.Itisknowntotransmitanumberofvirusdiseasesinthehostplants.Nymphsandadultssuckplantsap,causingdistortion,stunting.curling,wiltingandoftenleadtodeathofthesehostplantswhenseverelyattackhappened.

4.IdentificationTurnipAphid:

Turnipaphidissimilartothecabbageaphidinappearance,buthasamoredistinctgreentoyellow-greencolorwithlessnoticeablepowderywaxonthebody,anditlacksthedarktransversemarksonabdomen.GreenPeachAphid:

Greenpeachaphidisratherslenderinform,lightgreenoryellow,withindefinitelydarkerstripesontheabdomen.CabbageAphid:

Cabbageaphidisgrayish-greenincolorandthebodyiscoveredwithafinepowderywax,whichgivesheavilyinfestedplantsawhitishappearance.TurnipAphidGreenPeachAphidCabbageAphid第21頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)黃曲條跳甲

PhyllotretastriolataStrippedFleaBeetles第22頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)1.Host:Thetwospeciesarecommonpestsonvegetablecrops,especiallyonBrassicous.InSouthChina,thesepestsmainlyattackradishandcabbages.2.Damage:Boththelarvaeandtheadultsfeedonthefoliageofthehostplants.Whenheavilydamagealmostthewholefoliageiseatenandjusttheveinsareleft.3.Lifehistory:InSouthChina,Colaphellusbowringicancomplete5-6generationsperyear,whilePhaedonbrassicaeoccurs5generations.Usuallythetwospeciesaremixedoccurrenceinasamevegetableplantation.AdultfemaleofColaphellusbowringilayeggsinclusterwithseveralto20individuals,buteggsofPhaedonbrassicaearelaidseparatelyonthesurfaceofthehostplants.Boththelarvaeofthetwospeciesundergo4instars.4.IdentificationColaphellusbowringi(Cabbageleafbeetle)(1)AdultShape:EllipticalSize:4.7mmlongColor:BluetoblackPuncturesontheelytra:IrregularsarrangementScutum:Triangular(2)LarvaSize:7.5mmlongColor:headisblack,thoraxandabdomenaregrayishyellowSpots:Apairofdarklateral-spotsoneachsegmentofthoraxandabdomenSize:6.0mmlongPhaedonbrassicae(Daikonleafbeetle)(1)AdultShape:OvalSize:3.5mmlongColor:BluetogreenPuncturesontheelytra:Arrangeinverticallines.Scutum:Oval(2)LarvaSize:6.0mmlongColor:headisblack,thoraxandabdomenaregrayishyellowSpots:Fourpairofdarklateral-spotsoneachsegmentbesidetheprothoraxandthelastsegmentofabdomen小猿葉甲PhaedonbrassicaeDaikonLeafBeetleAdultDamageAdultLarvae大猿葉甲

Colaphellusbowringi

CabbageLeafBeetle第23頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)煙粉虱A型BemisiatabaciSweetpotatoWhiteflyAdultNymphPupaEggs第24頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)TobaccoWhiteflyAdultNymphPupa煙粉虱B型（銀葉粉虱）

Bemisiatobacci

Silverleafwhitefly第25頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)GreenhouseWhiteflyAdultNymphPupa溫室白粉虱

Trialeurodesvaporariorum(Westwood)第26頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)BandedwingedWhitefly紋翅粉虱

Trialeurodesabutilonea(Haldeman)第27頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)朱砂葉螨

Tetranychuscinnarinus

CarmineSpiderMite1.Host:Itdamagesaverywiderangeofwildandcultivatedplantsincludingeggplantandgourds.Cottonisitsmainhostplant2.Distribution:Africa,MiddleEast,Pakistan,India,SriLanka,SoutheastAsia,Australia,USA,Japan,China,CentralandSouthAmerica.3.Damage:Itcausesclustersofyellowspotsontheuppersideoftheleafespeciallybetweenthemainveinsneartheleafstalk.Latertheaffectedareasspread,theleafreddensandfinallywithersandisshed.Redorgreenishmitesjustvisibletotheunaidedeyecanbeseenontheundersideoftheleaf.About15-18generationsoccurperyearinSouthChina.4.IdentificationAdult:Theadultfemalesareoval,redorgreenish,and0.4-0.5mmlong.Themalesareslightlysmaller.Finestrandsofsilkarespunbytheadultsandformanopenwebabovetheleafsurface.Egg:Theeggsarespherical,whitish,about0.1mmondiameter.TheyarelaidsinglyontheundersideofleavesLarva:Thelarvaissix-legged,pinkish,andslightlylargerthantheegg.Theyarefourpairsoflegsandaregreenishorreddish.DamageEggsMaleAdultFemaleAdult第28頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)二斑葉螨TetranychusurticaeKoch

Twospottedspidermites第29頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)1.Hosts:Tomato,potato,beans,peppers,tea,cottonandmanyotherplants.2.Distribution:Itisvirtuallycosmopolitanspecies,butrecordsaresparseinsomeareas.RecordedfromEurope,Africa,Asia,Australia,USA,andSouthAmerica.3.Damage:Thebladesofflushleavesarecuppedorotherwisedistorted,withcorkybrownareasbetweenthemainveinsontheundersideoftheleaf.Thesecorkyareasareoftenboundedbytwodistinctbrownlinesparalleltothemainvein,theedgesoftheleafbeingundamaged.4.IdentificationAdult:Femalesareelliptical-shaped,whitetoyellow,andabout0.2mminlength,fourpairsoflegs.Malesareslightlydiamond-shaped,yellow,fourpairsoflegs,thefourthpairoflegsarebiggerthanothers.Egg:Eggsarelaidsinglyontheundersidesofflushleaves.Theyareovalinoutlinebutflattenedonthelowerside.Larva:Thelarvaareminute,white,andpear-shaped.側(cè)多食跗線螨Polyphagotarsonemus

latus

YellowTeaMite

DamageeggplantDamagetomatoDamagegreenpepper第30頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)1.Itisacommonspeciesofpestsonvegetables,andsometimesadominantoneoncotton,tobacco,tomato,bean,maizeandsorghumaswell..Thisspeciesisasporadicallyveryseriouspestinmanypartsoftheworld.Itiscompletelypolyphagous,andverywidespread.2.Distribution:Itdistributestropics,subtropics,andwarmertemperateregionsoftheOldWorld,extendingasfarnorthasGermanyandJapan.3.Damage:Cleancircularholesareboredinflowerbudsandballsofallsizes.Thebracteolesofbudsopenoutcausingtheconditionknownas‘flared’squares;thesesquarethendieandareshed.Thecaterpillaralsofeedsdirectlyonfoliageofvegetablecrops.4.Lifehistory:Egg-layingstartsabout4daysafteremergenceandmaycontinueforafurther10days.Eachfemalemaylay1,000ormoreeggs.Eggsarelaidsingly,stuckontothehostplant;hatchingtakesplaceafter2-4days.Youngcaterpillarsfeedonsmallpods.Oldercaterpillarsfeedonsmallsquaresandterminalbuds,andbeanflowersandsmallbolls.Theyalsoburrowintolargepodsandeatthedevelopingseeds.Thecaterpillarsoftenfeedwiththeirheadinsidethebollorbean,butwiththeposteriorpartofthebodyoutside.Thefull-grownlarvaburrowsintothesoilandpupatesthere.Theshinybrownpupaisabout16mmlong;thepupalperiodusuallylasts10-14days.Inthetropicsthereareusually5-6generationsannually.5.IdentificationAdult:Theadultisastout-bodied,brownmoth,ofwingspan40-44mm;thehindwingispalebutwithabroaddarkborder.Egg:Theeggsarespherical,about0.5mmindiameter,yellowwhenlaidbutturningbrownastheembryodevelops.Eggsarelaidsingly,stuckontothehostplant.Larva:Thelarvaisastoutcaterpillarofvariablecolorbutoftengreenishorbrownish.Thebodyismarkedwithlongitudinalbandsalternativelydarkandpale;thepalebandsdownthesidesofthebodyareparticularlynoticeable.Thefull-grownlarvaisabout40mmlong.Pupa:Thefull-grownlarvaburrowsintothesoilandpupatesthere.Theshinybrownpupaisabout16mmlong.棉鈴蟲(chóng)

Heliothisarmigera

CottonbollwormAdultLarvaDamage第31頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Damage煙青蟲(chóng)

Heliothisvirescens(Fabricius)

Tbaccobudworm第32頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)玉米穗蛾（美國(guó)棉鈴蟲(chóng)）

Helicoverpazea

CornearwormLarvaDamage第33頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)1.Thisisacosmopolitanpestofsporadicimportanceonmanycropsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Itcancauseseveredamageinmanycrops.2.Hosts:Apolyphagouscutwormattackingtheseedlingsofmostcrops,inparticularoncotton,rice,potato,tomato,tobacco,cereals,andcrucifers.3.Distribution:Almostcompletelycosmopolitan,fromnorthernEurope,Canada,Japan,downtoNewZealand,SouthAfrica,andSouthAmerica.Ithasnotbeenrecordedtodatefromafewareasinthetropics.4.Damage:Theyounglarvaefeedontheleavesofthehostplants;theoldercaterpillarsfeedatthebaseofcropplantsorontherootsorstemsunderground.Seedlingsaretypicallycutthroughatthegroundlevel;onecaterpillarmaydestroyanumberofseedlingsinthismannerinasinglenight,oftenworkingalongtheplantrows.5.Lifecycle:Thelifecyclefromeggtoadulttakes32daysat30℃,41daysat26℃,and67daysat20℃,respectively.6.IdentificationAdult:Theadultsarelarge,darknoctuidswithwingspanof40-50mm,withagraybody;andgrayforewingsarealmostwhitebaselybutwithadarkterminalfringe,palerinthemales.Egg:Theeggsarewhite,globular,andribbed,0.5mmindiameter.Larva:Thelarvaearebrownishabovewithabroadpalegraybandalonethemid-line,andwithgray-greensideswithlateralblackishstripes.Theheadcapsuleisbrownish-blackwithtwowhitespots.Thegeneralappearanceofthecaterpillarisblackish,hencethecommonnameof‘blackcutworm’.Thematurecaterpillaris25-35mmlong.Pupa:Thepupaisdarkbrown,20mmlong,withaposteriorspine.

LarvaAdult

Seedingiscutthroughatthegroundlevel.

Damage小地老虎Agrotisipsilon

BlackCutworm第34頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)1.Distribution:Itisalmostcosmopolitanindistribution.Itisannewimportedpest.AndhasbeenfoundinseveralprovincesinSouthChina:Guangdong,Hainan,GuangxiandFujian.IthascausedveryseriousdamageinvegetableproductioninrecentyearsinChina.2.Host:Thehostplantsareincludedover100speciesofplants,withapreferenceforbeans,cucumbersandtomatoes.3:Damage:Thispestisapolyphagous.Itdamagesthehostplantsbyadultfeedingpunctures,ovipositionpuncturesandlarvalmines.Thelarvaefeedwithintheleaf,makingalongserpentinetunnelwhichisusuallywhitewithdampenedblackanddriedbrown,andirregularshapes,increasinginwidthaslarvaldevelopment.Ifmanyleavesareminedtheyieldmaybereduced;InBrassicathedamageaffectssaleability.Heavilyinfestedleavesshrivelandwither.4.LifehistoryInSouthChinathelifehistoryofthispestoccursthroughouttheyear.Itcompletesthelifecyclein13-17daysinsummerandin50-60daysinwinter.Theremaybe14-16generationstakesplaceperyear.5.Identification

Egg:Eggis0.2-0.3mminlength,withslightlytranslucentLarva:Larvaisheadlessmaggot,about3mminlengthwhenfullgrown.1stinstarlarvacolorless,butpaleyellow-orangeonhatching.Laterinstarsyellow-orange.Larvaewithapairofposteriorspiraclesshapedlikeatriplecone.Eachposteriorspiracleopensbythreepores,oneporelocatedtowardtheapexofeachcone.Pupa:Pupaoval,slightlyflattenedventrally,paleyellow-orangebutoftendarkeningtogoldenbrown.幼蟲(chóng)潛入葉肉中，留下彎曲的蛀道美洲斑潛蠅

LiriomyzasativaeAmericanLeafMiner第35頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)節(jié)瓜薊馬Thripspalmi

PalmThrips1.Distribution:SoutheastAsia,Japan,SouthChina.2.Host:ThisinsectisoneofthemostimportantpestsongourdandpotatofamilyinSouthChina.3.Damage:Thelarvaandadultsuckthejuiceoftheplantsontheyoungleaf,bud,andyoungfruit,leadingtowitherordwarfoftheyoungleaf.Thehairsonthesurfaceofthehostplantdarkened,thefruitsdroppedandtheyieldlostobviouswhenseveredamagehappensintheplantations.4.IdentificationAdult:Adultisabout1mminlength,golden,headslightlysquare.Eyesproject,ocelli3,reddish,rangingintriangle,antenna7segmented,wingsnarrow.Egg:Eggis0.2mminlength,elongated,white-yellowish.Nymph:Nymphyellow-whitish,eyesredin3rdinstar.5.LifeHistory:Thisinsectcanoccurover20generations,withheavilyoverlappingbetweengenerations.ItdevelopsandreproducesalloverthewholeyearintheplantationsinSouthChina.Usuallydamagegourds,beansandeggplantduringtheperiodofMarchtoOctober,andforming3peaksofpopulationdynamicsinlateMaytomid-June,mid-Julytoearly-August,andSeptember,respectively.Inautumnthepopulationissohighthatserverdamageisled.AdultNymphDamage第36頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)瓜蚜（棉蚜）

AphisgossypiiGlover

Melonaphids第37頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)1.Hostplants:TheinsectcanattacksPigeonpea,limabean,greenpeas,cowpeas,andotherLeguminosae.2.Distribution:Almostcompletelypantropicalregionsindistribution,extendingupintothesubtropicsandwarmertemperateareas,butonlyafewrecordfromAustralia.3.Damage:Earlyinstarlarvaefeedinsidethedevelopingseeds,butlaterinstarsfeedfreelyinsidethepods.Theimmaturecaterpillarmayleavetheoriginalpodandpenetrateoneormorefreshpodsbeforereachingmaturity.Thisisverycommonpestofpigeonpeaandotherlegumecropsinmanypartsoftheworld;sometimesrecordedasaseriouspest.4.IdentificationAdult:Theadultmothisbrown,withawingspanof24-27mm.Therearetwowhiteandtransparentspotsinthemiddleoftheforewing.Egg:Theeggsareoval,shinywhite,0.6mminlength.Theyarelaidsinglyorinsmallgroups(upto6)onimmaturepods.Larva:Thecaterpillarisbluewithayellowhead,and12-17mmlongwhenmature.Caterpillarwrigglesveryviolentlyifthepodisopenedanditisdisturbed.Pupa:Whenthelarvaisfull-grownitleavesthepod,dropsintotheground.Andabout3cmbelowsoillevelitspinsa