上海中學英語高一上期中試卷

第第#頁/共20頁struggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesit-insatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatasapolitical 46 .Butstrongopinionshavenotbrought 47 .Americansareambivalen（t矛盾的）aboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Wehavebecome 48 ofourfoods,especiallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain.The 49 infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoincidence,then,thatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericanimaginationinsuchbondage（束縛）.It’swhatweeat—andhowwe 50 itwithfriends,family,andstrangers—thathelpdefineAmericaasacommunitytoday.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Nowelsewhereintheworld,Icelandmaybespokenof,somewhatbreathlessly,aswesternEurope'slastpristinewilderness.Butthetruthis,onceyou'reoffthe51trackofthelow-lyingcoastalareaswhereeveryonelives,theroadsarefew,andthey'reallbad,52Iceland'snaturalwondershavebeenoutofreachandunknowneventoitsown53.Forthemthelandhasalwaysjustbeenthere,somethingthathadtobedealtwithand,ifpossible,54—themind-setbeingoneoflandascommodityratherthanlandas,well,pricelessartonthescaleofthe"MonaLisa".Whentheopportunityarosein2003forthenationalpowercompanytoenterintoa40-year55withtheAmericanaluminumcompanyAlcoatosupplyhydroelectricpowerforanewsmelter（冶煉廠）,thosewhohadbeendreamingofsomethinglikethisfordecades56theopportunity.Foralongtime,lifeherehadmeantlittlemorethanahut,darkallwinter,cold,nohope,childrendyingleftandright,plagues,starvation,volcanoeseruptinganddestroyingallvegetationandlivestock,allspirit—aworld57almostentirelyaroundthewelfareofone'ssheepand,later,onhowgoodthecodcatchwas.Intheoutlyingregions,itstilllargelydoes.Ostensibly,theAlcoaprojectwasintendedtosaveoneofthesedyingregions—theremoteandsparselypopulatedeast-wherethewayoflifehadsteadily58toapointofdesperationandgloom.Afterfishingquotas（定額）were 59intheearly1980stoprotectfishstocks,manyindividualboatownerssoldtheirallotmentsorgavethemaway,fishingrightsendedupmostlyinthehandsofafewcompaniesandsmallfishermenwerevirtually60.Technologicaladvancesdrainedawayevenmorejobspreviouslydonebyhumanhands,andthepeoplewereseeingeverythingtheyhadworkedforalltheirlivesturnouttobe61andtheirchildrenmoveaway.Withtheoldwayoflifedoomed,aluminumprojectslikethisonehadcometobeperceived,wiselyornot,asalastchance."Smelterordeath."ThecontractwithAlcoawouldinfusetheregionwithforeign62,anestimated400jobs,andspin-offserviceindustries.ItalsowasawayforIcelandtodevelopexpertisethat63couldbesoldtotherestoftheworldand64aneconomyhistoricallydependentonfish.“Wehavetolive,"HalldorAsgrimssonsaid.Halldor,aformerprimeministerandlongtimememberofparliamentfromtheregion,wasadriving65_behindtheproject.“Wehavearighttolive.”51.A.beatenB.exploredC.expiredD.centered52.A.soB.whenC.ifD.as53.A.governmentB.inhabitantsC.countrysideD.scale54.A.designedB.retainedC.exploitedD.preserved55.A.stageB.contractC.transitionD.prosperity56.A.gaveupB.jumpedatC.rushedtoD.madeup57.A.revolvingB.developingC.StirringD.Initiating58.A.transferredB.declinedC.grewD.reformed59.A.preferredB.presentedC.resistedD.imposed60.A.wipedoutB.heldupC.keptdownD.putaside61.A.pricelessB.superficialC.worthlessD.negative62.A.investmentB.ExclusionC.invasionD.landscape63.A.sociallyB.immediatelyC.accidentallyD.potentially64.A.stabilizeB.wreckC.diversifyD.consolidate65.A.forceB.wheelC.instructorD.signalSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Ifyouintendtousehumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that'sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor.”Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn'tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural,includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit'sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,giveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.66.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould .A.takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience B.makefunofthedisorganizedpeopleC.addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople D.showsympathyforyourlistenersThejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare .A.impolitetonewarrivals B.veryconsciousoftheirgodlikeroleC.entitledtonoprivileges D.verybusyevenduringlunchhoursItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices .A.havebenefitedmanypeople B.arethefocusofpublicattentionC.areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor D.haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock（B）OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewswhowore（展示）theirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling（使命）,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.'Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,'Newmanwrote“thatIamtemptedtodefine”journalism“asatermofcontempt（輕蔑）appliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare”.Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,andastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography（1947）becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlypolishedVicwardian(維多利亞和愛德華時代)proseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2thatartscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWar2werecharacterizedby .A.freethemes. B.casualstyle. C.elaboratelayout. D.radicalviewpointsWhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.(C)Themostprevalentuseofintelligencetestscoresistopredictdegreeofacademicsuccess.Suchscoresareusedinsomecommunitiesasbasesforadmittingablechildrentoschoolsatagesyoungerthannormal,andtheyareverygenerallyusedtodetermineadmissionstoschoolsbeyondpublicsecondaryschool.Anotherusecommoninelementaryschoolsinvolvescomparingsuchscoreswithperformancesinvarioussubjectstoidentifychildrenwhoareworkingbelowcapacity.Thegreatestprobleminusingintelligencetestsforthepurposeofpredictionisthatnodependablecriterion（標準）oftheiraccuracyexists.Theidealcriteriawouldbeobjectiveandreliableachievementtestsfollowinginstructionineachsubject,buttherearefewsuchtests,especiallyatthecollegelevel.Studieshaveshownthatcorrelations（相關(guān)度）betweenintelligencetestsandachievementtestsinvarioussubjectsthroughsecondaryschoolrangeroughlyfrom0.5to0.8.Suchcorrelationsarefairlyhigh,buttheydonotsuggestanywherenearcompleteagreement.Atthecollegeleveltherearetwomajortestsusedascriteriaofadmission.ByfarthemoreimportantistheCollegeEntranceExamination,constructedbytheEducationalTestingServiceauthorizedbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoard.ThesetestsarereturnedtotheEducationalTestingServiceforscoring,andtheresultsarethenmadeavailabletothevariouscollegesauthorizedbythestudentstoreceivethem.ThesecondtestofthistypeistheAmericanCollegeTest,whichoperatesinessentiallythesamefashion.Bothtestsconstitutemeasuresofcertainskills,abilities,andknowledgethathavebeenfoundtoberelatedtosuccessincollege.Theircorrelationswithacademicsuccessarelimitedforthreeoutstandingreasons.First,measuresofachievementincollegearethemselvesperhapsnomorereliablethanthoseinelementaryandsecondaryschools.Second,intellectualfactorsdonotalonedetermineacademicsuccess,especiallyatthecollegelevel.Manystudentsdropoutofschoolsbecausetheyareinadequatelymotivatedorbecausetheydisliketheinstructionalprogram.Third,correlationsareloweredbecausetheuseofsuchtestsfordenyingadmissiontosomestudentsmeansthattherangeofscoresforthoseadmittedisrestricted,andsuchrestrictionstendtoreducecorrelation.TheintelligencescorescanbeusedinthefollowingwayEXCEPT .A.tellinginadvancethedegreeofacademicsuccessB．a(chǎn)dmittingintelligentchildrentoschoolattheageyoungerthanordinaryC．findingoutchildrenworkingbelowcapacityinprimaryschoolsD．selectingpupilsbypublicsecondaryschoolsWhatcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraph?Thestandardsfortheevaluationofcollegestudents’academicachievementsneedtobeimproved.Thecorrelationsbetweenintelligenceandachievementtestsinmiddleschoolsarenotashighaspredicted.Intelligencetestscorescanhelppredictaccuratelythedegreeofstudents’academicsuccess.Thehighcorrelationscanprovethattheresultsofacademictestsexactlyagreewithintelligencetestscores.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwomajortestsforcollegeadmission?ThepapersoftheCollegeEntranceExaminationaresetbytheCollegeEntranceExaminationBoard.TheAmericanCollegeTestisofthesameimportanceastheCollegeEntranceExamination.Theresultsofthetwoexaminationswillbesenttocollegeswiththestudents’permission.TheCollegeEntranceExaminationisasfashionableastheAmericanCollegeTest.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforthereductionofthecorrelationbetweenthetwoadmissiontestsandtheacademicsuccessincollege?Measuresofstudents’achievementsincollegeStudents’motivationsforandinterestintheirstudySomestudents’beingrefusedtheadmissiontothecollegeThepopularuseoftheintelligencetestSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencethanyouneed.Butsomerecentstudiesonpeopleintheirgoldenyearsaredisturbing.However,inEuropeannationslikeFrance,governmentsareconsideringchangestopensionplans,whichmayaffectretirees,healthaftertheyleavetheirjobs.Clearly,saidWesterlund,muchofthedecreaseinphysicalandmentalfatiguecanbetracedbacktorelieffromthestressesofwork.Thosewhodon'thavegoodsocialnetworksmaynotbeabletogetassistanceiftheybecomeill.ThescientistsfollowedtheemployeesoftheFrenchnationalgasandelectriccompanyfor14years.AB.Butformany,retirementmeansasuddenlossofmanywork-relatedsocialtiesandadrasticdecreaseinactivitylevels.Mostpeoplelookforwardtoretirementasatimewhentheycanfinallytakeupactivitiesthattheyneverhadthetimeorenergytopursuebefore.___77 .Theysuggestthatretireesaremorelikelytosufferfromdepressionandpossiblyhigherratesofotherdiseasessuchasheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure.That’swhyanewstudyofFrenchworkersiswelcomenews.LedbyHugoWesterlund,aprofessorofpsychologyatStockholmUniversity,thestudyofmorethan14,000workersfoundlowerratesofdepressionandfatigueinpeopleaftertheygotretiredthanwhiletheywerestillemployed.___78 .Theyfoundintheyearimmediatelyafterretirement,thevolunteersreported40%fewerdepressivesymptomsthantheyhadintheyearbeforetheirretirement.Theresearchersalsofoundan81%dropinreportsofbothmentalandphysicalfatigueoverthesametimeperiod.___79___.Thedeclineindepressivesymptomssuggeststhatretirementmaybehavingapositivementaleffect,too,whichmayhavealottodowiththegenerouspensionsthatFrenchworkersenjoy.Mostretireesinthatcountrystillbenefitfromabout80%oftheiryearlysalaries.“Theeconomicorfinancialsituationinretirementisveryimportant,”Westerlundsays.“Wedon’tknowifthedecreaseinfatigueanddepressivesymptomsisbecauseoftheremovalofsomethingbadwhileinworkortheadditionofsomethinggoodwhileinretirement.Butnomatterthereason,iflifeinretirementisnotcomfortable,thenwewon’tseetheimprovementswedid.” 80 Withlessofafinancialsafetynet,workersmaynolongerseemsomentallyandphysicallyhappytobeoutofwork.IV．SummaryWriting(10%)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Itisacommonsightoncampusorinthestreets:ayoungpersonridesbyonanelectricscooter,travelingquicklyandproudly.ButBeijing’strafficauthoritieshavesaidthatstartingonSept.5,peoplewhoarecaughtridingelectricscootersonpublicroadsorbicyclelaneswillbefined10yuan.Theywillalsobegivenawarningnottousethevehiclesonpublicroadsagain.TheannouncementwasmadeaftertrafficpoliceinShanghaistartedacampaigntogetelectricscootersoffpublicroads,withpoliceofficersstoppingridersbecausethescooterscouldcausetrafficproblems.TheBeijingConsumerAssociationsaidithadtestedmorethan20electricscootersofdifferentbrandsrecentlyandfoundthatmosthadsubstandardbrakes.Itaddedthat16ofthetestedscooterscouldgofasterthanthemaximum20kmperhoursetforelectricbikes.Accordingtothetrafficpolice,peoplewhorideelectricscootersatcertainspeedscaneasilybumpintothevehiclesinthevehiclelaneandhurtpeoplewhowalkinthebicyclelanes.Butseeingthebenefitsthatelectricscootershavebroughttoyoungpeople,expertsareworriedthatthebanmaytakeeffectslowly.Electricscootersareagreatanswertothe‘lastmileproblem’ofgettingfromapublictransportstationtoone’shome.They’relightenoughtothrowoveryourshoulder.They’reeasytoridejustaboutanywhereanddon’tneedalotofphysicaleffort.Thescootercantravel25kmononecharge.It’sconvenientandeasytocontrol.Theyarealsogoodforenvironment.Unlikecarsandbuses,electricscootersproducenocarbondioxide,neednofuelandmakealmostnonoise.Formanyyoungpeople,theyusethemtocopycoolcelebritiestheyhaveseeninvideos.第II卷(40分)ITranslation(15%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets..務必自覺做到溫故而知新。(See,basis).我從未想到經(jīng)濟艙位的票子會如此暢銷。(occur).進入高中兩年后，那個勤奮的學生已經(jīng)習慣于勞逸結(jié)合。(accustom).為了養(yǎng)活全家人，他頂替了名冊上別人的名字，這是違背他意愿的。(substitute)II.GuidedWriting(25%)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.學校將開展一場校際辯論賽，辯論題為“機遇是成功的關(guān)鍵”。請就此辯論題談談你的觀點。上海中學2017學年第一學期期中考試

英語試題答案171109B2.B3.C4.C5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.AA12.C13.B14.B15.D16.C17.A18.D19.C20.A21-30ACADDADDCD31.todo32.referring33.Despite34.persuading35.if36.that37.something38.where39.a40.moresuitable41-50B(AC)(AE)ADEB(BC)(BD)(AD)C51-65AABCBBABDACADCA66-68CBD69-72BADA73-76DACD77-80AECBSummary參考PeopleridinganelectricscooteronpublicroadswillbefinedfromSept.5th.Becauseofthesubstandardbrakesandfastspeed,electricscootersareconsideredpotentiallydangerousforridersandwalkingpeople.Consideringitsadvantageofbeingconvenient,portableenvironment-friendlyandfashionable,expertspredictedthebanwouldtakeeffectslowly..務必自覺做到溫故而知新。(See,basis)Seetoitthatyouconsciouslyreviewyourlessonsonaregularbasissothatyoucanobtainnewknowledge..我從未想到經(jīng)濟艙位的票子會如此暢銷。(occur)Itneveroccurredtomethattheticketsforeconomyclasswouldsellsowell..進入高中兩年后，那個勤奮的學生已經(jīng)習慣于勞逸結(jié)合。(accustom)Sinceheenteredseniorhighschooltwoyearsago,thediligent/hard-workingstudenthasbeenaccustomedtokeepingabalancebetweenworkandplay..為了養(yǎng)活全家人，他頂替了花名冊上別人的名字，這是違背他意愿的。(substitute)Tosupportthewholefamily,hesubstitutedhisownnameforsomeoneelse’sonthe(name)list，whichwasagainsthis(own)will.TranscriptPartAShortConversationsM:It'salmostmidnight.Whydon'tweleavetheseuntiltomorrow？W:Goodidea!I'msleepy.Q:Howdoesthewomanfeel?W:Idon'tthinkshecancompleteasurveyinlessthanaweek.M:Barbaradiditinafewdays.Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutBarbara?.M:Aremen'ssuitsontheseventhfloor?W:No,theyarehereonthisfloor.Seventh'shousewares.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?W:Bill,haveyoufinishedtheresearchpaperforbiology?M:Notyet,Ialwaysseemtoputthingsoffuntilthelastminute.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?M:Comeintomyoffice,please.I'dlikeyoutotypesomeletters.W:Yes,sir.AndIthinkIshouldremindyouthatyouhaveameetingintenminutes.Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?M:Whenistheshowsupposedtostart?W:Don'tworry.Itwon'tstartuntil10:30.We'vestillgot20minutes.Q:What'sthetimenow?M:Didyoucallanelectriciantorepairthelamp?W:No.IgotMiketodoit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean？W:TomiswatchingamovieonTV.M:Shouldhebedoingthatnowwiththeexam'scomingupnextweek?Q:WhatdoesthemanimplythatTomshouldbedoing?M:HaveyoupickedupyourIDcardfromtheofficeyet?W:No,thecamerafortakingphotoswasbroken.Q:Whyhasn'tthewomangotherIDcard?M:Dickseemstothinkthisyear'sfootballseasonwillbedisappointing.W:Thatishisopinion.Mostothersthinkdifferently.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themaintrickinlisteningtodirectionsistopaycloseattention.Whendirectionsarelong,itisagoodplantomakenotes.Forschoolassignments,thenotesshouldcontainpagenumbers,topics,andotherdetails.Often,ofcourse,itisunnecessaryorinconvenienttomakenotes.Inanycase,youmustuseyourmindaswellasyourearsasyoulistentodirections.Theproofofyourskillwillbeyourabilitytofollowthedirectionsyouhear.Oneplantohelpyourememberistothinkofafewkeywords.Forexample,supposeyourmothersays,"Whileyouareatthelibrary,askifwemayreserveacopyofthenewbiographyofHenryJames.Onthewayhome,pleasestopatMrs.Duggan'stopickupanoteshehasforme."Youhavetwothingstoremember,sokeepinmindthesekeywordsinthisorder:HenryJames,Mrs.Duggan.Anotherwaytomakedirections"stick"toyourmemoryistopictureinyourmindeachstepasitisgiventoyou.Forexample,youhear“turnrightatthelargewhitefarmhouse."Trytoimaginewhatitlookslike.Or"Whenyoupassasmallpond,takethenextroadleft".Youcanmakeamentalpicture.Canyouseethispicture?Questions:Whenarenotesneededtohelptorecalldirections?Whatmustyouuseasyoulistentodirections?Whatareusefulinhelpingyoutorememberdirections?Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itisforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthem.Theyhavealwayscomplained,moreorlessjustly,thattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodemways;thattheyarepossessiveanddominant;thattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrisis;thattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblems-andthattheyhavenosenseofhumor,atleastinparent-childrelationships.Ithinkitistruethatparentsoftenunderestimatetheirteenagerchildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhentheywereyoung.Youngpeopleoftenmaketheirparentsangrywiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstyles,inentertainersandmusic.Thisisnottheirmotive.Theyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenaccepted.Sotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirown.Then,ifitturn