考研英語00-10真題

2010年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)fbreachnumberedblankand

mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosupervisea

seriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledthe

HawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floor

lighting1workers*productivity.Instead,thestudiesended2givingtheir

nametothe"Hawthorneeffect”，theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3to

beingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects*behavior.

Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomeninthe

Hawthorneplant.Accordingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrose

whenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6what

wasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.A(n)

8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalter

workers*behavior10itself

Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometricthe

analysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12the

descriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsof

productivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto

14interpretationofwhathapped.15,lightingwasalwayschangedon

aSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecompared

withthepreviousSaturdayand17torisefbrthenextcoupleofdays.18,

acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthat

outputalwayswentuponMonday,workers19tobediligentfbrthefirstfew

daysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningoff.This

suggeststhattheallegedHHawthorneeffect**ishardtopindown.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

18.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile

19.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],

[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduring

thepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorable

declineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfbrtheaveragereaderundertheageof

fortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmost

big-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsof

criticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.

Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswere

oncedeemedsuitablefbrpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublished

inEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,ata

timewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredan

ornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastaken

forgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabout

theeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewers

whoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,

couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismas

acalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress."Sofewauthorshave

brainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism/9

Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine'journalism'as匕termofcontempt

appliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.'"

Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrote

fbrtheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,is

nowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,

though,hewasalsooneofEngland\foremostclassical-musiccritics,astylistso

widelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknighted

in1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowin

print,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospect

seemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodern

readershavelittleusefbrtherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhe

specialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlong

retreat.

21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby

[A]freethemes.

[B]casualstyle.

[C]elaboratelayout.

[D]radicalviewpoints.

23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

[A]Itiswriters*dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodemspecialists.

[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism

[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatare

calledbusinessmethods.Areceivedoneforits"one-click"online

paymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.

Oneinventorpatentedatechniquefbrliftingabox.

Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackon

business-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirst

authorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzzthe

U.S.courtofAppealsfbrthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcaseto

conductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilski,asthecaseis

known,is"averybigdeal",saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouri

Schooloflaw.It"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.n

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauseit

wasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithits1998decisioninthe

so-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fund

assets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initially

byemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypes

ofonlinetransactions.Later,moreestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatents

totheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothe

punch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300

business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisfbr

grantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswith

patentsfbrfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthe

practice.

TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskinthe

energymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecase

wouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,

andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshouldnreconsidernitsstatestreet

Bankruling.

TheFederalCircuifsactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsby

thesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsfbrpatentholders.Last

April,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfbr

"inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare"reactingtothe

anti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourt”,saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyand

professoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

[D]thecontroversyovertheirauthorization

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit

[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

28.ThewordHabout-faceH(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans

[A]lossofgoodwill

[B]increaseofhostility

[C]changeofattitude

[D]enhancementofdignity

29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges

[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders

[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents

Text3

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthatsocialepidemics

aredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,often

calledinfluentials,whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwell-connected.The

ideaisintuitivelycompelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbut

largelyuntestedtheorycalledthe"twostepflowofcommunication”：Information

flowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketers

haveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindand

influencetheinfluentials,thoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkfbrthem.

Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertain

looks,brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchfbrcauses

findsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordeveloping

whateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfits

nicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends

Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecomeupwiththefinding

thatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.

Infact,theydon'tseemtoberequiredofall.

Theresearchers*argumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluence,

withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey一whoseoutsizepresence

isprimarilyafunctionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence-eventhemost

influentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yet

itispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flow

theory,aresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsand

colleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,

musttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,

andsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittle

todowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremoved

fromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,fbrexample,thecascadeofchangewon't

propagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchers

studiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingof

populations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilityto

influenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Ourworkshowsthatthe

principalrequirementforwhatwecall"globalcascades*-thewidespread

propagationofinfluencethroughnetworks-isthepresencenotofafewinfluentials

but,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.

31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto

[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

[B]discussinfluentials1functioninspreadingideas

[C]exemplifypeople'sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials.

32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthentwo-step-flowtheory**

[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials

[D]requiressolidevidencefbritsvalidity

33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions

[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

[D]mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention

34.Theunderlinedphrase"thesepeople1*inparagraph4referstotheoneswho

[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

[D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

35.whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted

[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers

[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced

[D]Theinclinationtorelyonothers

Text4

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthe

scenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.

Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit*sjust

notfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywould

pay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Unfortunately,banks*lobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybe

unknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-setters,essentialtotheproper

functioningofcapitalmarkets,isbeingcompromised.And,unlessbankscarrytoxic

assetsatpricesthatattractbuyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.

AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America'sFinancialAccounting

StandardsBoard(FASB)rushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmore

freedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizing

lossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerz,theFASB'schairman,

criedoutagainstthosewho"questionourmotives/Yetbanksharesroseandthe

changesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycallsntheuseofjudgmentby

management.H

EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccounting

StandardsBoard(IASB)dolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithout

overallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofrules

laterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedthe

IASBthatitdid"notliveinapoliticalvacuum^^butnintherealword'1andthat

Europecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastly

overvaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelosses,becausethey

largelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,notthelikelyextentofbaddebts.

Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbank'ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,

suggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysis

ofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglosses,yetarereluctanttobuy

allthosesupposedbargains.

Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.

America'snewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetsto

levelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandeven

combativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaningup

rulesonstockoptionsandpensions,fbrexample,againsthostilityfromspecial

interests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemore

concessions.

36.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto

[A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules

[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties

[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers

[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassets.

37.Accordingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin

[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement

[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem

[C]thebanks*long-tennassetlosses

[D]theweakeningofitsindependence

38.AccordingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB'Sattemptto

[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.

[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers.

[C]actontheirowninrule-setting.

[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform.

39.Theauthorthinksthebankswere"onthewrongplanet0inthatthey

[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators

[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets

[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts.

[D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets.

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof

[A]satisfaction.

[B]skepticism.

[C]objectiveness

[D]sympathy

PartB

Directions:

ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfill

themintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeen

correctlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.Mark

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferencefor

eatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisen

fromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andis

expectedtoapproach38percentby2005.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesale

demandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,

comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhile,asthe

recessionisloominglarge,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepatighter

holdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.

[B]RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill,

leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryfbropportunitiestogrow.Mostleading

retailershavealreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.

Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:the

wholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailers

need.

[C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefood

anddrinkmarket?Definitelynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexible

trendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,rather

thantheseller,todecidewhattobuy.Atanyrate,thischangewillultimatelybe

acclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,

regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.

[D]Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscould

profitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthe

managementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketingintelligence.Retailersthat

mastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakein

substantialprofitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspection

revealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheir

customersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsof

individualfoodanddrinkcategories.Bigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferences

beforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheir

particularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsand

unfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.

[E]Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathave

beencloselyexamined一France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofthe

samebuildingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independent

mom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretoosmalltobuy

straightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhen

theydon'teatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinesto

largeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthe

tradeasnhorecan:hotels,restaurants,andcafes.Overall,Europe'swholesalemarket

forfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,butthe

figures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends.

[F]Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,

Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000-morethan40percentof

retailsales.Moreover,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;

wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmore

Europeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthis

fragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.

[G]However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andeven

somelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,for

thosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderable

gains.

回一網(wǎng)一網(wǎng)一網(wǎng)一E—國

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomic

motivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yet

thesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependson

itsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.

Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappento

loveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningof

centurysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtothe

rescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusup

ifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem,theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.

Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,

(47)butwchaveatleastdrawnneaithepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinue

asamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomic

advantagetous.

Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.

(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthese

creaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthatthey

preyonlyon,worthless”species.

Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics-minded

forestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaletopayastimber

crops.(49)InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,the

non?commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity、

tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.

Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestis

hopelesslylopsided.(50)Ittendstoignogandthuseventuallytoeliminate,many

elementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialto

itshealthyfimetioning.Itassumes,falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthe

bioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.

SectionHIWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Youaresupposedtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruit

volunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalization,youshouldconcludethe

basicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.

Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendof

theletter.Use"postgraduateassociation1*instead.

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,

youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20points)

文化“火忸”,既美味又營養(yǎng)

2009年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnum