(新課改)2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module4SandstormsinAsia學(xué)案外研版

(新課改)2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module4SandstormsinAsia學(xué)案外研版LtDModule4SandstormsinAsia(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意1．sandstormn． 沙塵暴_2．inlandadj. 內(nèi)地的；內(nèi)陸的_3．campaignn. 戰(zhàn)役；活動_4．dunen. 沙丘_5．citizenn. 公民；市民_6．dustn. 沙塵；灰塵_7．cyclevi. 騎自行車_8．maskn. 面罩_9．carbonn. 碳_10．dioxiden. 二氧化物_11．meltvi. 融化_12．coastaladj. 沿海的_先警告縱聯(lián)2.“可怕的”形容詞小結(jié)①frightening嚇人的；可怕的 ②scary恐怖的③terrible可怕的 ④horrible恐怖的⑤terrifying嚇人的；可怕的縱聯(lián)3.后綴-th名詞集錦①strength力量 ②length長度③warmth溫暖 ④truth真理⑤youth青春 ⑥depth深度縱聯(lián)4.常考的“-ing”結(jié)尾的介詞①concerning關(guān)于 ②regarding關(guān)于，至于③including包括，包含 ④considering考慮到⑤respecting關(guān)于，鑒于 ⑥during在……期間單元話題——自然與救災(zāi)子話題1天氣①windyadj.多風(fēng)的；有風(fēng)的 ②breezen．微風(fēng)；和風(fēng)③thunderstormn．雷暴；雷暴雨 ④downpourn．傾盆大雨⑤dampadj.潮濕的 ⑥mistn．薄霧⑦smogn．煙霧 ⑧frostn．霜；霜凍子話題2自然災(zāi)害的救援及重建①sheltern．庇護；避難所；避身處②survivaln．幸存③survivorn．幸存者；殘存物 ④rescuev．&n．營救；援救⑤confirmvt.確認；確定；證實 ⑥donatevt.捐贈；捐獻⑦reliefn．救濟 ⑧recoverv．恢復(fù)⑨disasterarea災(zāi)區(qū) ⑩rebuildv．重建?bestuckin困住；陷于 ?searchfor尋找；搜索[學(xué)考對接·活學(xué)活用]高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀C)Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建議)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmany?parentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcerns?aboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclear?(evident)ofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.①寫出many在本單元中的近義詞：mass②寫出concerns在本單元中的同根形容詞：concerned③用evident的正確形式填空：evidence2．(2015·安徽高考完形填空)Allaroundtheworld,wecanseetheconsequencesofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbish?justkeepgettingbigger.Todecreasetheamountofrubbishandtoprotect?theenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopleto?(recyclable)materials.However,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解決)ourproblem.①寫出rubbish在本單元的同義詞：garbage②寫出protect的名詞形式：protection。常用短語protect_...from意為：保護……不受……(危害)③用recyclable的正確形式填空：recycle。含有cycle詞根的詞還有bicycle,cyclist,motorcycle等高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1．(2018·浙江高考寫作)同時，我的馬受驚嚇了，跳起來，瘋狂地四處奔跑。(frightened)Meanwhile,_my_horse_got_frightened,_jumped_up,_and_ran_around_wildly.2．(2018·江蘇高考書面表達)眾所周知，大多數(shù)的排名基于其他人對產(chǎn)品或有關(guān)服務(wù)的評價。(concerned)As_we_all_know,_most_of_the_ratings_are_based_on_others'_judgment_on_the_product_or_service_concerned.3．(2018·江蘇高考書面表達)作為一個主要的消費信息渠道，在我們自己的消費中，排名是一種高效的購物信息來源。(major)As_a_major_channel_of_consumption_information,_the_rating_is_an_efficient_source_of_information_for_shopping_in_our_own_consumption.4．(2018·江蘇高考書面表達)媽媽抱怨很多，說盡管它的排名很高，但食物并不合我們的口味。(complain)Mom_complained_a_lot,_and_said_that_despite_its_high_ratings,_the_food_was_not_to_our_taste.(二)課堂重點釋疑1．strengthn．力量；力氣；強度[C]長處；優(yōu)勢[記牢](1)strengthsandweaknesses 優(yōu)勢和劣勢buildupone'sstrength 增強體質(zhì)havethestrengthtodosth. 有做某事的力量withallone'sstrength 竭盡全力(2)strengthenv. 加強；增強；鞏固strongadj. 強壯的；堅強的[練通]單句語法填空①Greatdeterminationandambitionarehisgreatstrengths(strength)．②(2017·北京高考)Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthen(strength)newmemories.③EverymorningI'mworkingouttobuildupmystrength.補全句子④Tobeattheotherteams,youhavetoknowtheirstrengths_and_weaknesses(優(yōu)勢和劣勢)．⑤Thepatientwastooweaktohave_the_strength_to_stand_up(有站起來的力量)．[寫美]補全句子⑥(2015·廣東高考寫作)盡管DNA檢測將有助于增強人們的健康意識，然而也很可能會導(dǎo)致過度焦慮。While_DNA_test_will_help_strengthen_people's_health_consciousness,_itismoreprobablethatitwillleadtoover-anxiety.2．concernedadj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)心的；有關(guān)的[記牢](1)beconcernedabout/for 關(guān)心；掛念beconcernedin... 牽扯進/參與……beconcernedwith 與……有關(guān)；涉及as/sofaras...beconcerned 就……而言(2)concernvt. (使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到n. 擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；(利害)關(guān)系show/expressone'sconcernabout/for 對……表示關(guān)心/擔(dān)心(3)concerningprep. 關(guān)于；就……而言[練通]單句語法填空①Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabout/fortheenvironmentwheretheylive.②Inyourlastletter,wereadstoriesconcerning(concern)visitorsfromyourcountry.③As/SofarasI'mconcerned(concern),it'swisenottospendmuchtimeplayingwithsmartphones.④Thetheoryofrelativityisconcernedwithtwoseeminglyoppositeideas.[用準]concerned作形容詞時，意為“關(guān)心的；掛念的；擔(dān)心的”，充當(dāng)前置定語；表示“相關(guān)的；有關(guān)的”，作定語時要后置。例如：aconcernedlook“關(guān)切的神色”；theauthoritiesconcerned“有關(guān)當(dāng)局”。[寫美]翻譯句子⑤(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)就我個人而言，你剪紙練習(xí)得越多，你就會越擅長它。As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_the_more_you_practise_paper-cutting,_the_better_at_it_you_will_become.3．urgentadj.緊急的；迫切的[記牢](1)inurgentneedof 急需(2)urgevt. 催促；極力主張；強烈要求n. 沖動；強烈的愿望；迫切的要求urgesb.todosth./intodoingsth. 力勸/催促某人做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(urgethatsb.(should)dosth.,Itisurgedthatsb.(should)dosth.)) 強烈要求/極力主張某人做某事(3)urgencyn. 緊急；緊急情況urgentlyadv. 緊急地；迫切地[練通]單句語法填空①Incaseofurgency(urge),callthepolice.②Thepeopleintheearthquake-strickenareaareinurgent(urge)needoffood,medicineandshelters.③(2016·江蘇高考)Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento_take(take)advantageoftheopportunitytojoinsportsteams.④Theyurgedthatthelibrary(should)_be_kept(keep)openduringthevacation.⑤Itismosturgentthatthepatientshouldgettohospital.[用準]urge作“強烈要求；極力主張”之意后接賓語從句時，從句須用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”形式。[寫美]翻譯句子⑥第三，我速度快，可以當(dāng)場處理各種緊急情況。Third,_I'm_fast_and_can_deal_with_all_kinds_of_urgent_cases_on_the_spot.4．complainv．抱怨；發(fā)牢騷；投訴[記牢](1)complain(tosb.)of/about(doing)sth.(向某人)投訴/抱怨(做)某事；(向某人)發(fā)牢騷complain(tosb.)that... (向某人)抱怨……(2)complaintn. 抱怨；投訴；控告makeacomplaintabout/ofsth. 抱怨/投訴某事makeacomplainttosb. 向某人抱怨/投訴[練通]單句語法填空①Iamnowwritingtomakeacomplaintof/abouttheserviceofyourhotel.②Shecomplainedtoherfriendsaboutthebarkingofherneighbor'sdog.③Thepolicereceivedseveralcomplaints(complain)aboutthenoisefromourparty.[用準]complain不能用于被動語態(tài)。[寫美]翻譯句子④一些高中學(xué)生抱怨他們沒有時間閱讀，因為他們有太多的家庭作業(yè)要做。Some_of_the_senior_students_complained_that_they_had_no_time_to_read_because_they_had_too_much_homework_to_do.[詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Universitiescallonallthestudentstolearntorecycle(重新利用)thewastepaper.2．Theweathermanhasforecast(預(yù)報)thatitwillstayhotforanother5days.3．Economicdevelopmentisbothconsistentwithandcontradictorytoenvironment(環(huán)境)．4．Cyclingisanabsolutely(絕對地)energy-savingmeansoftransportation.5．Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess(進程)．6．Inlifeandwork,manyofushaveusedemoticons(表情符號)tosendpositiveatmosphere(氣氛)orsoftenstatements.7．Theleaderisconcerned(關(guān)心的)aboutthegrowthofyoungergeneration.8．(2018·浙江高考)Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(經(jīng)濟)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength(實力；優(yōu)勢)．Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Afterthreehours'walkinthesun,Ididn'thavethestrengthto_walk(walk)anyfurther.2．Thereisconvincingevidence(evident)thatlisteningtoloudmusiccandogreatharmtoourhearing.3．Itisurgentthatfoodandclothing(should)_be_sent(send)tothesufferers.4．Theshadytreesprovideprotection(protect)againstburningraysofthesun.5．Thefilmisnowintheprocessofmovingthemainequipmenttoanewplace.6．Weallareconcernedabouttheincreasinglypollutedenvironment.7．Iamwritingtomakeacomplaint(complain)aboutthemobilephonewhichIboughtfromyourcompany.8．Whenitcomestoeducation,themajority(major)ofpeoplebelievethateducationisalifetimestudy.9．Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvival(survive)ishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.10．Thetopleadersofthetwocountriesareholdingtalksinafriendlyatmosphere.Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補全句子1．(2016·四川高考書面表達)夏天使我充滿精力，我感到我有力氣做我生活中最難的事情。(strength)SummermakesmefullofenergyandIfeelIhave_the_strength_to_dothemostdifficultthinginmylife.2．就我個人而言，騎自行車是個很好的解決方法。(concerned)As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_ridingbicyclesisagoodsolution.3．一個學(xué)生，他的朋友們擅長學(xué)習(xí)，可能被催促更加努力學(xué)習(xí)并得到好的分數(shù)。(urge)Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybe_urged_to_studyharderandgetgoodgrades.4．我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)他竟然對我們?nèi)绱舜拄?。我將向他的公司進行投訴。(complaint)Ifinditastonishingthatheshouldbesorudetous.Ishallmake_a_complaint_to_his_company.5．大多數(shù)人攝入的脂肪太多，纖維不足，這對他們的健康很不利。(majority)The_majority_ofpeopletakeintoomuchfatandnotenoughfibre,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)1．a(chǎn)s_a_result_of 由于；因為2．cut_down 砍倒；減少；削減3．have_a_bad_effect_on 對……有壞影響4．take_in 吸收；欺騙；理解5．be_caught_in 突然遭遇(風(fēng)暴等)；被困住6．one_after_another[串記1] 一個接一個地7．look_through 瀏覽；仔細檢查8．in_a_nutshell[串記2] 簡言之；概括地講9．give_out 放出；發(fā)出[同根短語串記]串記1.“一個接一個地”說一說①oneafteranother 一個接一個地②onebyone 一個接一個地③oneaftertheother 相繼地；一個接一個地④fromone...toanother 從一個……到另一個⑤oneanother 互相⑥oneandall 各位；每個人；大家串記2.“總之”可以這樣表達①inanutshell簡言之；概括地講 ②inaword總之③allinall總之 ④inshort簡言之⑤inbrief簡言之 ⑥tosumup總之⑦insummary總之 ⑧onthewhole總體來說1．a(chǎn)majordisaster 一個主要災(zāi)難2．solvethisproblem 解決這個問題3．a(chǎn)masscampaign 一場大規(guī)模的運動4．strongenough 足夠強5．becauseofclimatechanges 因為氣候變化6．improvetheenvironment 改善環(huán)境7．thinkseriouslyabout 認真考慮8．putthegarbageintodifferentbags 把垃圾放到不同的袋子里1．Theyareoftenso_thick_thatyoucannotseethesun,andthewindissometimesstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.沙塵常常彌漫以至于你連太陽都看不見，風(fēng)力有時強到可以移動沙丘。2．Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakes_it_difficult_to_see.暴風(fēng)有時持續(xù)一整天，車輛開得很慢，因為濃濃的塵埃降低了能見度。3．Thegarbageisthentakenawayand,if_possible,_recycled.然后垃圾將被運走，如果可能的話，予以回收利用。[學(xué)考對接·活學(xué)活用]高考采擷(一)完形中的短語和句式(補全句子)1．(2016·10月浙江高考完形填空)ThenIaskedhimifhehad_cut_down(減少)theamountoffeedhehadgiventhechickens.2．(2016·北京高考完形填空)Atonepoint,hugepilesofsnowblockedhisway.Hehadtoleavethetrail(雪橇痕跡)togetaroundthem.Conditionswereso_bad_that(如此壞以至于)itwasimpossibleforhimtofindthetrailagain.高考采擷(二)寫作中的短語和句式(補全句子/詞匯升級)1．(2017·北京高考書面表達)Theeditingpartafterthatwastough.Wedebatedoverwhattoput_into(放進)thevideo.2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)Besides,IadviseyoutogotothebookstoretoborrowahistorybookandlearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance,whichcanhelpyoubetterunderstandthepoemstobelearned.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞)take_in3．(2018·北京高考書面表達)北京發(fā)展如此之快，你永遠想象不到明年會是什么樣子。(so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)So_fast_is_Beijing_developing_thatyoucanneverimaginewhatitwillbelikenextyear.(二)課堂重點釋疑[短語集釋]1．cutdown砍倒；削減；刪節(jié)；減少；降低；改小或縮短(衣服)；奪去……的生命[辨清]寫出下列句中cutdown的含義①Myunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascutdown.減少②Thisarticleistoolong,andyouhavetocutitdownto1,000words.刪節(jié)③Immediateactionsshouldbetaken,likestoppingcuttingdowntrees,tobettertheenvironment.砍倒④Hunger,coldandillnesscutdownmanyofthevillagers.奪去……的生命[記牢]cutin 插話；讓(某人)分享利潤cutup 切碎；使傷心cutout 刪除；裁剪cutthrough 穿過；擠進；開辟cutoff 切斷；中止；隔絕；剝奪繼承權(quán)[練通]單句語法填空⑤Wewerecutoffinthemiddleofourtelephoneconversationbecausemycellphonewasoutofpower.⑥Itisimpoliteforchildrentocutinwhentheirseniorsaretalking.[寫美]翻譯句子⑦眾所周知，吸煙對我們的健康有害，你最好戒煙或者至少減少吸煙量。As_is_known_to_us,_smoking_is_harmful_to_our_health.You'd_better_quit_smoking_or_at_least_cut_down_the_amount_of_smoking.2．takein吸收；收留；包括；理解；領(lǐng)會；欺騙[辨清]寫出下列句中takein的含義①Thefarmertookinthelosttravelersforthenight.收留②Whilereadingpopularsciencebooks,wecantakeinmorebasicknowledge.吸收③TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.包括④Lackingnecessarysocialexperience,teenagerstendtobetakeninbycheaters.欺騙⑤Beforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfirsttakeinthemeaningofthewords.理解[記牢]takeaway 拿走；奪走takedown 寫下，記下；拆卸takeoff 起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功takeon 接納；雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)takeup 拿起；接受；占據(jù)；開始從事；繼續(xù)takeover 接管；接任；控制[練通]單句語法填空⑥It'sreportedthathewilltakeoverthecompanynextyear.⑦HercareertookoffaftershewonaprizeonTV's“StarSearch”．⑧IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwon'twanttotakeuptoomuchofyourtime.[寫美]翻譯句子⑨現(xiàn)在我的飲食是有規(guī)律的，我不會在睡覺前吃很多食物，我的身體變得健康起來。Now_my_diet_is_regular.I_won't_take_in_much_food_before_sleeping_and_my_body_is_becoming_healthy.3．lookthrough瀏覽；仔細檢查[記牢]lookinto 調(diào)查；了解lookup 抬頭看；查閱；查找lookupto(sb.) 仰視；尊敬；贊賞(某人)lookforwardto 盼望；期待lookdownupon/on 瞧不起；輕視lookbackon/at 回顧；回想(某事)lookafter 照顧lookahead(tosth.) 展望未來；為將來設(shè)想[練通]單句語法填空①HehappenedtobelookingthroughthemedicalbookGray'sAnatomyatthetime.②You'reapopulargirl,Grace,andalotoftheyoungeroneslookuptoyou.③Thechildrenarelookingforwardtoreceiving(receive)luckymoney,playinghappilywitheachother,andsettingofffireworksexcitedly.補全句子④Welooked_up_some_useful_informationattheaccidentscenesothatwecanlook_into_the_matter_further.我們在事故現(xiàn)場查找一些有用的信息以便我們能進一步調(diào)查這件事情。⑤Itistimeforustolook_back_on_the_past_and_look_ahead_to_the_futurewhenthenewyearcomes.當(dāng)新年到來時，該是我們回顧過去、展望未來的時候了。[寫美]翻譯句子⑥在我上中學(xué)期間，我曾經(jīng)是一名志愿者，周末在養(yǎng)老院照顧老人。During_my_stay_in_middle_school,_I_used_to_be_a_volunteer_and_looked_after_the_old_people_in_a_nursing_home_on_weekends.[句式集釋]so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句[教材原句]Theyareoftensothickthatyoucannotseethesun,andthewindissometimesstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.[悟拓展例句](1)Keepingalearningdiaryeverydayisso_important_thatIwouldliketointroduceittoyou.每天堅持寫學(xué)習(xí)日記是如此重要，以至于我想把這種學(xué)習(xí)方法介紹給你們。(2)Hewasso_responsible_a_teacher_thatwewerealldeeplymoved.他是一位如此負責(zé)的老師，以至于我們都被深深地感動了。(3)Therewereso_many_books_in_the_shop_thathedidn'tknowwhichtobuy.書店里那么多書，以至于他不知道該買哪些。(4)Dalianissuch_an_attractive_place_thatlotsoftouristsvisitthecityeveryyear.大連是一個如此吸引人的地方，以至于每年都有很多游客來觀光旅游。(5)Hehasmadesuch_great_progress_thattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.他進步很快，老師們對他感到很滿意。[析用法規(guī)則]用法歸納(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that...(2)so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.(可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))＋that...(3)so＋many/few/much/little(少)＋n.(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞)＋that...(4)such＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.(可數(shù)名詞單數(shù))＋that...(5)such＋adj.＋n.(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞)＋that...注意事項當(dāng)so＋形容詞/副詞及such...放在句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。例如：SoexcitedwasIthatIcouldn'twaittotrymyhandatridingthebicycle.[背寫作佳句](1)(2018·浙江高考寫作)Myfathertelephonedthepolicestation,butitcouldn'tgetthrough.Itwassofarawaythattherewasnosignal.(要點句)(2)(2018·江蘇高考書面表達)Everyoneisfacedwithsuchwonderfulcommoditieseverydaythattheyfindtheyaredifficulttochoosefrom.(要點句)[詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.選詞填空asaresultof，cutdown，haveabadeffecton，takein，becaughtin，oneafteranother，lookthrough，inanutshell1．Eventhoughthecomputergameshad_a_bad_effect_onhim,hestillwenthisownway.2．Iwillextremelyappreciateitifmyadvicegetsapproved.In_a_nutshell,_whatIwanttotellyouisthatChineseisveryeasytogetonwith.3．HavingadjustedthemselvestoEarth'sgravityuponlandingforabout50minutes,thethreeastronautscameoutofthereturncapsuleone_after_another.4．Ihavelooked_throughallmypapersbutIstillcan'tfindmynotes.5．It'ssaidthatnon-smokerswhotake_intheairpollutedbytobaccosmokesuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.6．Wewere_caught_inarainstormonthewayhere.7．Desertsarealsocreatedbecausepeoplecut_downtreesanddigupgrass.8．BritainandFrancedeclaredwaragainstGermanyin1939as_a_result_oftheinvasionofPoland.Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．作為一名學(xué)生，你應(yīng)該把心思放到學(xué)習(xí)上。(o...)Asastudent,youshouldput_your_heart_into_study.2．他的發(fā)明如此實用以至于很快就獲得了專利。(so...that)Hisinventionwasso_practical_thathesoongotapatent.3．這就產(chǎn)生了一系列的反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。(makeit＋adj.＋todo)Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmade_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.4．如果可能的話，嘗試每天都在同一時間睡覺和起床。(狀語從句的省略)If_possible,_trytogotobedandwakeupatthesametimeeveryday.5．Hespokesoloudlythateverypeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.(改為部分倒裝句)→So_loudly_did_he_speak_thateverypeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文分步寫作如果說某些自然災(zāi)害無法抗拒，那么有些災(zāi)害卻是人類自己造成的，比如沙塵暴(sandstorms)、酸雨(acidrain)。請以沙塵暴和酸雨為例并根據(jù)下面的提示用英語寫一篇保護環(huán)境的短文，呼吁人們愛護人類的生存環(huán)境，造福后代。1．原因：人類過度砍伐，亂排亂放污染物。2．措施：……注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第一步：準確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點本文應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時以及第一人稱寫作。本寫作有兩個要點：要點1為簡述人類自己造成的自然災(zāi)害沙塵暴和酸雨及其原因過度砍伐和亂排亂放污染物；要點2為介紹具體的措施。本寫作具有較大的開放性，對考生的寫作能力提出了較高的要求。要點2表述比較寬泛，需要細化處理，可以從常見的具體做法上來進行表達，如植樹、立法、教育等。要點1－①：人們遭受了許多自然災(zāi)害，但一些災(zāi)害是由人類造成的，比如沙塵暴和酸雨。People_have_suffered_many_natural_disasters,_but_some_disasters_are_caused_by_men,_such_as_sandstorms_and_acid_rain.要點1－②：人們砍伐了太多的森林，但是沒有重新種植樹木。People_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.要點1－③：下雨的時候，土壤被沖走，大片的土地變成了沙漠。When_it_rains,_soil_is_washed_away_and_large_areas_of_land_become_desert.要點1－④：許多工廠直接將未經(jīng)處理的水傾倒入河流中，并將有毒氣體排放到空氣中。(untreated)Many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air.要點2－①：我們應(yīng)該種植更多的樹木并好好照顧它們。(takecareof)We_should_plant_more_trees_and_take_good_care_of_them.要點2－②：必須制定法律來監(jiān)督或懲罰那些破壞環(huán)境的人。(被動語態(tài)，monitor)Laws_must_be_made_to_monitor_or_punish_those_who_damage_the_environment.要點2－③：最重要的是教會人們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo地球，以便造福子孫后代。(preserve,sothat)What_is_most_important_is_to_teach_people_how_to_preserve_the_earth,_so_that_it_will_benefit_the_following_generations.第二步：添加細節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達更亮眼為了使內(nèi)容更充實，我們需要對要點進行適度拓展。要點1－②可以添加時間狀語多年來和目的狀語為了自己的利益；要點1－③可以增加其產(chǎn)生的后果“當(dāng)強風(fēng)吹起時，沙塵暴就會發(fā)生”；要點1－④可以用非限制性定語從句拓展其“后果”；在表述要點2前，需要用“為了保護我們的地球，我們應(yīng)該停止這種破壞”來進行銜接，使文章過渡自然。拓展要點1－②：多年來，人們?yōu)榱俗约旱睦婵撤チ颂嗟纳?，但是沒有重新種植樹木。(用介詞短語作狀語)For_many_years,_people_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_for_their_own_benefit_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.補充要點1－③：當(dāng)強風(fēng)吹起時，沙塵暴就會發(fā)生。(用when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句)Sandstorms_occur_when_strong_wind_blows.拓展要點1－④：許多工廠直接將未經(jīng)處理的水傾倒入河流中，并將有毒氣體排放到空氣中，從而導(dǎo)致酸雨。(用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句)Many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air,_which_causes_acid_rain.補充銜接句：為了保護我們的地球，我們應(yīng)該停止這種破壞。(不定式作目的狀語)To_protect_our_earth,_we_should_stop_such_destruction.第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡本文可以分成兩段，每段都先寫一個總起句，即每段都寫成“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段用“人們遭受了許多自然災(zāi)害，但一些災(zāi)難是由人類造成的，如沙塵暴和酸雨”總起；第二段用“為了保護我們的地球，我們應(yīng)該停止這種破壞”。本文的兩個要點內(nèi)容需要進行巧妙連接，以免顯得突兀跳躍。第一個要點可使用并列連詞so，and，besides進行連接。第二個要點可以用what'smore進行有機地整合。People_have_suffered_many_natural_disasters,_but_some_disasters_are_caused_by_men,_such_as_sandstorms_and_acid_rain.For_many_years,_people_have_cut_down_too_many_forests_for_their_own_benefit_but_haven't_replanted_the_trees.So_when_it_rains,_soil_is_washed_away_and_large_areas_of_land_become_desert.And_sandstorms_occur_when_strong_wind_blows.Besides,_many_factories_pour_untreated_water_into_rivers_directly,_and_release_poisonous_gas_into_the_air,_which_causes_acid_rain.To_protect_our_earth,_we_should_stop_such_destruction.We_should_plant_more_trees_and_take_good_care_of_them.What's_more,_laws_must_be_made_to_monitor_or_punish_those_who_damage_the_environment.What_is_most_important_is_to_teach_people_how_to_preserve_the_earth,_so_that_it_will_benefit_the_following_generations.理清文體結(jié)構(gòu)之(十六)議論文之分總結(jié)構(gòu)——把握分論點，關(guān)注結(jié)論是關(guān)鍵“分總結(jié)構(gòu)”類議論文一般在文章前半部分有相對一致的句式或相互照應(yīng)的詞語來表現(xiàn)分的關(guān)系，讓文章思路清晰，使讀者一目了然。結(jié)尾的“總”一般為文章的論點，是文章的結(jié)論及核心。把握住分論點并找到論點對理解全文大意至關(guān)重要，然后迅速瀏覽題干，根據(jù)題目要求回原文中找對應(yīng)信息，便可準確解題。[高考典例]2015·四川卷·E篇[讀文劃分結(jié)構(gòu)]分總[1]NooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidsnearCairo.Butanewstudysuggeststheyusedalittlerock’n’roll.Long-agobuilderscouldhaveattachedwoodenpolestothestonesandrolledthemacrossthesand,thescientistssay.[2]“Technically,Ithinkwhatthey’reproposingispossible，”physicistDanielBonnsaid.[3]PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.Andthere’snoobviousanswer.Onaverage,eachofthetwomillionbigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.TheEgyptianssomehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutonekilometeraway.[4]ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.Manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds(滑板).Thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalongpaths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricated_the_pathseitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle.Bonnhasnowtestedthisideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsoversand.[5]Evidencefromthesandsupportsthisidea.Researchersfoundsmallamountsoffat,aswellasalargeamountofstoneandtheremainsofpaths.[6]However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimplerway,wholedthenewstudy.Westsaid,“I