醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語模擬試卷57

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語模擬試卷57(總分：182.00，做題時間：90分鐘)1.SectionA__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Melaniedidn'twearthecoatbecauseshedoesn'tlikered.B.Melanieisallergictowool.√C.Melanieworethecoatbutbrokeoutinarash.D.Melaniecouldn'twearthecoatbecauseshewasinarush.解析：解析：根據(jù)女士話中的woolcoat“羊毛大衣”及男士回答的breakoutonarash“出疹子”可知，Melanie對羊毛織品過敏因而不能穿大衣，故選B。A.Hipfracture.B.Painintherightofhishead.√C.Notknowingwhenthepaincomes.D.Unabletopointoutthepainfularea.解析：解析：由對話中的“Itseemstobeontherightsideofmyhead”可知，選項(xiàng)B是同義替換，故選B。A.Hehasjustrecoveredfromtheflu.√B.Hewon'tbeabletogototheplay.C.Heheardthattheplayisn'tverygood.D.Hehasalreadyseentheplay.解析：解析：女士問的是男士今晚去不去看演出，男士回答的是不確定，因?yàn)樗鞲袆偤茫蔬xA。A.Nothingbutwater.B.Tylenol.C.Aspirin.√D.Gingertea.解析：解析：男士問女士發(fā)燒用了什么藥，女士提到她服用過阿司匹林，故選C。A.Tennisplayersofteninjuretheirbacks.B.Shehadn'theardabouttheman'sproblem.C.Themanshouldhaveseenthedoctor.√D.She'IIchecktheman'sscheduleassoonaspossible.C。（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Itdependsonthewife.B.Itdependsonthehusband.C.Itisuncertain.√D.Shedoesnotwanttogivevoicetoheropinion.解析：解析：對話中提到“Itdepends”，意為“視情況而定”，故選C。A.Positive.B.Cautious.√C.Supportive.D.Negative.解析：解析：從父親說的“peoplewilllookatyoudifferentlyandyou’llsenseprejudiceshereandthere”可知，女孩的父親對她的婚姻比較保守。故選。A.Harryacquiredthediamondringfromarelative.B.Harryspentallhismoneyonthediamondring.C.Thediamondringisveryexpensive.√D.Harry'sgirlfriendisfortunateinhavingthediamondring.解析：解析：女士說“Itmusthavecosthimafortune”，其中costsb．a(chǎn)fortune意為“花一大筆錢”，故選C。A.ACustomsofficer.B.AnImmigrationandNaturalizationDepartmentofficer.√C.AnArmyofficer.D.AVisaofficer.解析：解析：根據(jù)對話中談到護(hù)照、延期等情況，可知女士應(yīng)該與移民局有關(guān)。故選B。A.Shehastoreceivetrainingfirst.B.That'sherchoicetodowhatshewants.√C.Sheshoulddosoafterconsultingherhusband.D.Shebecomesanextremefeminist.解析：解析：從女士說的“Ifshefeelsthatshewantstogooutandgetajob，that’sherchoice”可推知，女士認(rèn)為女性可以選擇她們所想做的工作，故選。（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.He'llgetagoodgradebecausehedidn'tuseInternetsources.B.He'IIprobablydobadlyonthepapersinceheusedmanyInternetsources.√C.He'IIgetgoodmarksbecauseheusedInternetsources.D.Hewondershowmuchhe'IIbedeductedonhispaperfornotusingInternetsources.解析：解析：由女士提到Mandy教授對如此多的學(xué)生“usingtheInternetsourcesintheirpapers”Mandy教授反對學(xué)生利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源寫論文。由男士提到“Iusedpracticallynothingelseinmine”可知，他只用了網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源寫論文，所以他很可能因此論文成績不好，故選B。A.Thewomanfeelsratherterrible.B.Thewomanhadanoperation.√C.Thewomanhasaseriousillness.D.Thewomanwantstogotothehospital.解析：解析：由對話可知，女士的手術(shù)很順利，故選B。A.Moredoctorsshouldbedoingresearch.B.Heisstudyingtobeadoctor.C.Animportantnewmedicaltreatmentmaybeavailablesoon.√D.Hehasalreadytriedthenewmedicine.解析：解析：ontheverge“接近于”，可知新的藥物已經(jīng)快要開發(fā)出來了，故選C。A.Thedoctorcanseethemanthisweek.√B.Appointmentsmustbemadetwoweeksinadvance.C.ThemanshouldcallbackonFriday.D.ThedoctorcancelledhisappointmentsonFriday.解析：解析：女士說醫(yī)生剛剛?cè)∠诵瞧谖宓囊粋€預(yù)約，也就是說男士可以在星期五去看醫(yī)生，故選A。A.Theman.B.Toolittlesleep.C.Ahat.D.Thesun.√解析：解析：男士說女士要少曬太陽，服用阿司匹林，并建議讓女士戴帽子，由此可知女士頭疼的原因可能是因?yàn)闀穸嗔颂?。故選。2.SectionB__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Theanatomyofseacucumbers.B.Howseacucumbersprotectthemselves.√C.Howtocatchaseacucumber.D.Thehistoryofseacucumbers.解析：解析：題目問的是對話的主旨是什么。由定位句可知本對話主要是關(guān)于海參的自我防衛(wèi)機(jī)制的。故選B。A.Byexpellingitsorgans.√B.Bymovingquickly.C.Byorganizingitself.D.Byhidingitself.解析：解析：題目問的是海參是如何保護(hù)自己的。由定位句可知，海參通過噴出自己的內(nèi)臟器官來保護(hù)自己，故選A。A.Thereweretoomanyorgansintheseacucumber.B.Hedidn'tunderstandwhyanotheranimalwouldwanttoeattheseacucumber.C.Hedidn'tunderstandwhatdefensemeant.D.Hedidn'tthinkitmadesensetoloseorganstoprotectthebody.√解析：解析：題目問的是男士為什么感到很困惑。由定位句可知，男士認(rèn)為海參通過噴射內(nèi)臟器官保護(hù)自己是說不通的，故選D。A.Itspitupitsorgans.B.Itlivesonthebottomofthesea.C.Itsorgansgrowbackquickly.D.Ithasnospinalcolumn.√解析：解析：題目問的是我們是如何分辨出海參是原始動物的。由定位句可知，海參是原始動物因?yàn)槠錄]有脊柱。故選D。A.Theycancutthemselvesinhalfandsurvive.√B.Theyarespinalanimalsandthusneedverylittleforlife.C.Theygiveuptheirinternalorganstoconfusetheirattacker.D.Theirorgansareeasytogrowback.解析：解析：題目問的是關(guān)于海參，哪一項(xiàng)是不正確的。由定位句可知，其他的一些原始的無脊柱蟲子可以被切掉一段后還繼續(xù)存活，但并不是說海參也可以，故選A。（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Usetheheart-valvetakenfromadeadpersontorepairit.√B.Putinpiecesofman-madeheart-valvetomakeitnormal.C.Replaceitwithanotherhearttakenfromadeadperson.D.Getitrepairedwithareallystrongpump.A的內(nèi)容與原文中“weputinpiecesofnaturalheart—valve”是一個意思，故選A。A.Ananimal'sbody.B.Anotherpersonwhohasjustdied.C.Apersonwhohasmoreveinsthanhereallyneeds.D.Thepatient'sownbody.√adamagedarteryisnottoobig，wereplaceitwithapieceofveinsthanitreallyneeds”意為：用不是很重要部位的血管去替代受損的動脈。因此，應(yīng)該是病人自己的血管而不可能是來源于動物或其他的死者，故選D。A.Theycanoperatetheheart-lungmachine.B.Theyhavedesignedtheheart-lungmachine.√C.Theycanmakethebloodcontinuetoflowroundthebody.D.TheydotheWorkofboththeheartandthelung.解析：解析：題目問的是在做心臟手術(shù)時，工程師幫助了我們什么。由原文可推斷出工程師對我們的幫助在于發(fā)明了心肺機(jī)。故選B。A.Themachinekeepsthebloodwarmenough.B.Themachinepushesthebloodbackintothevessels.C.Themachineworksverygently.√D.Theheartisemptyofblood.解析：解析：題目問的是當(dāng)血液經(jīng)過心肺機(jī)時，血細(xì)胞為何沒受到損傷。根據(jù)定位句可知，是因?yàn)闄C(jī)器在工作的時候，非常地溫柔，故選C。A.Hisheartandlungsarebadlydamaged.B.Hisbloodcellsareseriouslydamaged.C.Heisnotbreathingandhisheartisnotbeating.√D.Hisheartandlungshavestoppedworking.youaren’tbreathing，andifyourheartisn’tbeating，youaredead”，故選C。（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）A.Howbirdslearntobuildnests.B.Whybirdslayeggs.C.Howbirds'nestshaveevolved.√D.Whysomebirds'nestsareconsideredprimitive.解析：解析：題目問的是文章的主旨?？v觀全文，可知本文講的是鳥巢的演化過程。故選C。A.Theirflyingabilityimprovedgreatly.B.Theybecamewarm-blooded.√C.Theybegantolayeggs.D.Theychangedtheirmigrationpatterns.解析：解析：題目問的是什么進(jìn)化的改變讓鳥類開始筑巢的。由定位句可知，當(dāng)鳥類變成溫血動物在寒冷的氣候中生活的時候，故選。A.Ontheground.√B.Incoldplaces.C.Onthehighestbranchesoftrees.D.Insidetreetrunks.解析：解析：題目問的是鳥類最開始是在哪里筑巢的。由定位句可知，最開始的鳥巢是在地上。故選A。A.Aprimitivetypeofnest.√B.Anelevatednest.C.Atypicalcup-shapednest.D.Anestoftwigsandbranches.解析：解析：題目問的是小水鳥在停車場筑巢是為了什么而舉例的。由定位句可知，小水鳥的巢是原始的粗糙的巢的一種，故選A。A.Toavoidpredators.√B.Toexposetheeggstostrongersunlight.C.Tohaveabetterviewofpredators.D.Tosavelabor.故選A。3.SectionA__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：4.Wetendtonoticethetimesthatsomethingremarkableoccurred,whileignoringallthetime______thatnothingremarkablehappened.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.intentionallyB.distinctivelyC.subconsciously√D.potentially意識地，下意識地”；potentially“潛在地，可能地”。由題意可知，人們往往會遺忘沒有重大事件發(fā)生的時代，這是人之常情，是一種下意識、潛意識的行為。只有C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。5.Thatcritic'swritingissoobscureanddensethatuponfirstreading,onefindsits______hardtopenetrate.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.brevityB.rigidityC.harmonyD.opacity√解析：解析：brevity“短暫，簡潔”；rigidity“堅(jiān)硬，嚴(yán)格，死板”；harmony“協(xié)調(diào)，融洽，和諧”；opacity“不透明性，費(fèi)解，難懂”。由題意可知，此處應(yīng)含有文章不好理解的意思。故選D。6.Toavoidbeing______,composerStephenstrivesforanelementofsurpriseinhissongs.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.erraticB.elaborateC.predictable√D.idiosyncratic解析：解析：erratic“飄忽不定的，行為古怪的，反復(fù)無常的”；elaborate“復(fù)雜的，精心制作的，精巧的”；predictable“可預(yù)言的，可預(yù)見的，可預(yù)料的”；idiosyncratic“怪僻的，怪異的”。由題意可知，作曲家尋求在其歌曲中加入出其不意的元素目的是為了避免某種情況的發(fā)生。此處應(yīng)與驚喜的意思相反，故選C。7.Becausethepandashadalreadybeenweakenedbydiseaseanddrought,aharshwinterwouldhavehad______consequencesforthem.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.preventiveB.regressiveC.catastrophic√D.moderate嚴(yán)重的”之意。故選C。8.The______ofemotionalandpsychiatricdisordersthatcanpromptapersontoseektherapyiswide.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.formulaB.coverageC.intervalD.spectrum√解析：解析：formula“公式，規(guī)則”；coverage“新聞報道，覆蓋范圍，覆蓋程度”；interval“間隔，距離”。由題意可知，此處應(yīng)填spectrum的一個比較偏狹的詞義是“范圍”，正好可以用wide來形容，故選D。9.HIVandAIDSmaythreatenthefundamentalvaluesofsociety,andanyattempttodealwiththempresentsa______challenge.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.formidable√B.fatalC.favorableD.fantastic解析：解析：formidable“強(qiáng)大的，艱難的”；fatal“致命的，命中注定的”；favorable“稱贊的”；fantastic“奇異的，幻想的”。由句意可知，此處對應(yīng)前半句的威脅，應(yīng)含有“艱難”的意思。故選A。10.Kelley'spublicistsabruptly______aplannedseven-citypublicitytour,announcingthattheir"publishingobjectiveshavebeenaccomplished".（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.calledoff√B.calleddownC.calledupD.calledfor解析：解析：calloff“取消”；calldown“招致，責(zé)罵”；callup“提醒，召集”：callfor“需求，要求”。由句意可推斷出，此處應(yīng)填與“取消”有關(guān)的詞組，故選A。11.Crowdingasanenvironmentalvariableisonlybeginningtobeseriouslyexaminedandthedatasofaris______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.informativeB.inconclusive√C.inconspicuousD.indisputable解析：解析：informative“提供情報的，見聞廣博的”；inconclusive“不確定的，沒有結(jié)論的”：的詞語。故選B。12.Duringthesterilizationprocesswhichfollows,thecansare______tosteamorboilingwaterwiththetemperatureanddurationvaryingaccordingtothetypeoffood.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.proportionalB.subjected√C.susceptibleD.liableproportionalsubjectedbesusceptibleto“易受影響的”；beliableto“易受，應(yīng)受”。由句意可推斷出，此處應(yīng)填與“受到影響”有關(guān)的詞組。故選B。13.Insomephysicalillnessesemotionalfactorsmaybethemajor______elements.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.interactingB.composingC.relatingD.contributing√contributing“起作用的”。由句意可知，此處應(yīng)填與“引起，影響”近似的詞語。故選D。14.SectionB__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：15.MuchofwhatweknowaboutthesubjectonahypotheticallevelcanbetracedtoDr.Calhoun.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.meditativeB.presumptive√C.thoughtfulD.deceptive解析：解析：hypothetical“假設(shè)的，假定的”。meditative“沉思的，愛思考的”；presumptive“假定decep故選B。16.Wehaveavailabletousmanydifferentwaystofulfillournutritionalneeds.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.satisfy√B.acquireC.affordD.standardize解析：解析：fulfill“滿足，實(shí)現(xiàn)”。satisfy“使?jié)M意，滿足”；acquire“獲得，學(xué)到”：afford“提A。17.Obesityisaconditionperpetuatedbyadiversityoffactors.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.causedB.sustained√C.modulatedD.modified解析：解析：perpetuate“使繼續(xù)，使永存”。cause“引起”；sustain“維持，持續(xù)”；modulate“調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)”；modify“更改，修改”。根據(jù)句意，肥胖應(yīng)該是多種因素持續(xù)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，故選B。18.Abandonfaddietsandheedyourbody'shungercues.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.playdownB.putupwithC.giveattentionto√D.getridofupgiveattentionto“給予關(guān)注”；getridof“擺脫，除去”。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)該是注意身體的饑餓信號，故選C。19.Healthisaneconomicandpoliticalasset.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.wealth√B.essenceC.enterpriseD.issue解析：解析：asset“資產(chǎn)，財富”。wealth“財富”；essence“本質(zhì)”；enterprise“企業(yè)，事業(yè)”；issue“問題，事件”。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)該是說健康應(yīng)該是人的一種無形資產(chǎn)，故選A。20.ThecontroversialtaxfueledasustainedwraththatcouldnotbequelledbythePrimeMinister'simpassionedspeeches.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.fortifiedB.fosteredC.resembledD.suppressed√似，與……相似，與……相像”；suppress“鎮(zhèn)壓，壓制”。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)該是總理的演講也壓制不了人們的憤怒，故選D。21.Withfewsymptomsandsignstodependonforthediagnosis,theinternsmakemuchofpasthistoryofpatient.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.takeadvantageofB.writeindetailC.requestcarefullyD.attachimportanceto√muchadvantageindetail“詳細(xì)書寫”；requestcarefully“仔細(xì)要求”；attachimportanceto“重視”。根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)該是說由于病人沒有癥狀，醫(yī)生只能重視病人的病史，并做出診斷。故選D。22.Thedoctorvacillatedsofrequentlyondisease-preventiontechniquesthathiscolleaguesaccusedhimofinconsistency.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.wavered√B.instigatedC.experimentedD.relied解析：解析：vacillate“搖擺，猶豫”。waver“搖擺，猶豫”；instigate“教唆，煽動，激起”；前面應(yīng)該是說那個醫(yī)生在技術(shù)上有點(diǎn)搖擺不定。故選A。23.Predictably,detail-orientedworkersareadeptatkeepingtrackofthemyriadparticularsofasituationinasurgicaloperation.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.accomplishedat√B.humorousaboutC.hesitantaboutD.contemptuousof解析：解析：beadeptat“熟練于，擅長”。beaccomplishedat“擅長，精通”；behumorousabout“幽默，滑稽”：behesitantabout“躊躇，猶豫”；becontemptuousof“蔑視，鄙視”。根據(jù)句意，注重細(xì)節(jié)的工作人員應(yīng)該是擅長記錄細(xì)節(jié)。故選A。24.Riboflavinhelpsthebodyobtainenergyfromcarbohydratesandproteinsubstances.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.rootsB.flavoursC.powersD.material√material有“物質(zhì)，材料”的意思，故選D。VisualimpairmentcarrieswithC1______abilitytotravelthroughone'sphysicalandsocialuntiladequateorientationandmobilityskillshavebeenestablished.Becauseobservationalskillsaremorelimited,self-controlwithintheimmediatesurroundingsislimited.ThevisuallyimpairedpersonislessabletoanticipateC2______situationsorobstaclestoavoid.OrientationreferstotheC3______maponehasofone'ssurroundingsandtotherelationshipbetweenselfandthatenvironment.Itisbestgeneratedbymovingthroughtheenvironmentand【C4】______togetherrelationships,objectbyobject,inanorganizedapproach.With【C5】______visualfeedbacktoreinforcethisvisuallyimpairedpersonmustrelyonmemoryforkeylandmarksandotherclues,whichenablevisuallyimpairedpersonsoC6】______theirpositioninspace.Mobilityistheabilitytotravelsafelyandefficientlyfromonepointtoanotherwithinone'sphysicalandsocialenvironment.Goodorientationskillsarenecessarytogoodmobilityskills.Oncevisuallyimpairedstudentslearntotravelsafelyaspedestrians(),theyalsoneedtolearntousepublictransportationtobecomeasC7______aspossible.Tomeetthe【C8】______demandsofthevisuallyimpairedperson,thereisasequenceinstructionthatbeginsduringthepreschoolyearsandmaycontinueafterhighschools.Manyvisuallyimpairedchildrenlackadequateconceptsregardingtimeandspaceorobjectsandeventsintheirenvironment.DuringtheearlyyearsmuchattentionisfocusedonthedevelopmentofsomefundamentalC9______,suchasinsideoroutside,infrontoforbehind,fastorslow,whichareessentialtosafe,C10】______travelthroughfamiliarandunfamiliarsettings.（分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00）(1).【C1】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.complexB.vitalC.restricted√D.remarkable解析：解析：本題考查的是上下文。第一句話是視覺障礙的定義，所以是能力不足或有限，故選C。(2).【C2】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.varyingB.difficultC.hazardous√D.distressful解析：解析：本題考查的是上下文。觀察or所連接的并列名詞obstacle，意為“因?yàn)橛幸曈X障礙的人的觀察技能比較有限，所以他們在所處環(huán)境中的自控能力有限。”因此是不能預(yù)先估計危險狀況或者應(yīng)該避免的障礙。故選C。(3).【C3】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.mental√B.visualC.graphicD.demographic解析：解析：本題考查的是上下文。本段講述定位，并且第一句話即為定義。根據(jù)本段的細(xì)節(jié)信息可知視覺障礙的人無法形成視覺圖像，故只能依靠移動過程中對于所觸及的物體或者地標(biāo)進(jìn)行記憶，形成大腦中的圖像以保證確定自己的方位。選項(xiàng)C為“圖表”；選項(xiàng)D為“人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)的”。故選。(4).【C4】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.puttingB.gettingC.reinforcingD.piecing√解析：解析：本題考查的是上下文。在移動中，把物體之間的關(guān)系按照有序的方式結(jié)合起來，這樣形成最好的心理地圖。piece作為動詞其含義是“把碎片結(jié)合起來”，故選D。(5).【C5】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.fewB.little√C.muchD.inadequate解析：解析：本題考查的是上下文。本句含義：作為視覺障礙的人，他們不能對物體產(chǎn)生視覺反饋以加強(qiáng)心理地圖，因而他們要靠記憶重要地標(biāo)或線索，確定他們的方位。視覺障礙的人應(yīng)該是沒有視覺反饋的，故選B。(6).【C6】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.testifyB.affirm√C.identifyD.certify解析：解析：本題考查的是上下文，且需要形近詞辨析。選項(xiàng)A為“證明，作證”；選項(xiàng)B為“確定，斷定”；選項(xiàng)C項(xiàng)為“識別，鑒定”；選項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)為“保證”。此處含義是“通過記憶中的主要地標(biāo)或者線索確定自己在空間中的位置”，故選B。(7).【C7】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.flexibleB.independent√C.frequentD.skillful解析：解析：本題考查的是上下文。這個段落介紹移動能力的定義以及對于視覺障礙的人來說移動能力的重要性。段落最后提到“視覺障礙的人既要學(xué)會安全行走又要學(xué)會使用公共交通，這樣做的目的應(yīng)該是使得他們能夠在社會上獨(dú)立”，故選B。(8).【C8】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.expanding√B.extendingC.continualD.desperate解析：解析：本題考查的是固定搭配。選項(xiàng)A為“擴(kuò)展的，擴(kuò)充的”；選項(xiàng)B為“伸展”；選項(xiàng)C為“不DA。(9).【C9】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.behaviorsB.concepts√C.awarenessD.memory解析：解析：本題考查的是原詞再現(xiàn)。上一句提到：許多視覺障礙的孩子缺乏對時間、空間、物體或者環(huán)境中事件的概念。所以下一句提到在他們早期培訓(xùn)中，重點(diǎn)要集中在他們一些基本概念的建立。根據(jù)這一邏輯關(guān)系，故選B。(10).C10】（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.comfortableB.effectiveC.efficient√D.efficacious解析：解析：本題考查的是上下文。選項(xiàng)B為“有效的”，尤指能看得到效果和成效的；選項(xiàng)D為“靈驗(yàn)的，有效的”。最后一句提到這些基本的概念是他們在熟悉或不熟悉環(huán)境中安全行走的基礎(chǔ)。除了安全以外，符合句意的形容詞只有C選項(xiàng)，故選C。Anyscientistwhoisnotahypocritewilladmittheimportantpartthatluckplaysinscientificdiscovery.Ourestimateoftheimportanceofluckisinherentlybiased:weknowwhenwebenefitfromluck,butinthenatureofthingscannotassesshowoftenbadluckdeprivesusofthechanceofmakingwhatmighthavebeenanimportantdiscovery.AcolleagueandIcarriedoutanexperimentinwhichlittletissuefragments,whichwereverydifficulttoworkwith,wereinjectedintomiceofdifferentstrains.Ifwehadbeenmoreexperienced,wewouldhaveinjectedonlywhitebloodcells(whichwouldhavebeeneasiertohandle)intothemice.Wenowknowthatifwehaddonethis,wewouldnothavediscoveredactivelyacquiredtolerancebecausethegraftswouldhaveineffectrejectedtheirhosts.Obviously,wewerelucky,butourscientifictrainingenabledustorecognizethesignificanceoftheaccident.Ithink,therefore,thattherewasnoneedforthedistinguishedneu-rophysiologistHodgkintorefertohis"feelingofguiltaboutsuppressingthepartwhichchanceandgoodfortuneplayedinwhatnowseemstobearatherlogicaldevelopment."Itmightneverthelessseemasifluckplaysadominantroleinscientificdiscovery.Iwouldliketochallengethisviewforthefollowingreasons;wesometimesdescribeas"lucky"apersonwhowinsaprizeinalotteryatlongodds;butifwedescribetheaccidentaldiscoveryonaparkbenchofalotteryticketthatturnsouttobethewinningone?Thetwocasesarequitedifferent.Apersonwhobuysalotteryticketisputtinghimselforherselfinthewayofwinningaprize.Thisindividualhas,sotospeak,purchasedcandidacyforsuchaturnofeventsandalltherestisamatterofmathematicalprobabilities.Soitiswithscientists.Ascientistisanyonewho,byobservationsandexperimentsconducted,bytheliteratureread,andevenbythecompanykept,putshimselforherselfinthewayofmakingadiscovery.Theseindividuals,bydeliberateaction,haveenormouslyenlargedtheir—theircandidacyforgoodfortuneandwillnottakeintoaccountevidenceofakindthatabeginneroracasualobserverwouldprobablyoverlookormisinterpret.Ihonestlydonotthinkthatblindluckofthekindenjoyedbysomeonewhofindsawinninglotteryticketforwhichheorshehasnotpaidplaysanimportantpartinscienceorthatmanyimportantdiscoveriesarisefromthecasualintersectionoftwolines.Nearlyallsuccessfulscientistshaveemphasizedtheimportanceofpreparednessofmind,andIwanttoemphasizethatthispreparednessofmindisworkedforandpaidforbyagreatdealofexertionandreflection.Iftheseexertionsleadtoadiscovery,thenIthinkitwouldbeinappropriatetocreditsuchadiscoverytoluck.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).TheoutcomeoftheexperimentdescribedinLines1-4(Para.2)suggeststhat______.分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.luckworkedagainstthescientistsatfirstB.theinjectionofonlywhitebloodcellsintothemiceallowedthetwoscientiststomakethediscoveryC.themicerepresentedtheperfectanimalsonwhichtoconducttheexperimentD.thescientistsinvolvedwereabletocapitalizeonluck√1一4行描述的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明了什么?根據(jù)第二段1一4行找到該實(shí)驗(yàn)所在的第二段，可以知道，首先，認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)，其次，他以前受過的種種訓(xùn)練使得其意識到AB錯是因?yàn)榻o小白鼠注射的不僅僅是白細(xì)胞；C說列舉此例的目的是說明最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)對象是什么動物；D是同義替換。故選D。(2).Theword"deliberate"(Line5,Para.4)isclosestto______inmeaning.2.00）A.cunningB.compellingC.cautiousD.intentional√解析：解析：釋義題。題目問的是deliberate在文中的意思。定位到第四段。原文中該段提到了兩種不同的幸運(yùn)，一種是像撿到彩票一樣無意識的幸運(yùn)，而另一種是像科學(xué)家要通過很多充分準(zhǔn)備才能獲得更多幸運(yùn)的機(jī)會，所以，他們的行動是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮，即有意圖、有打算的。A“狡猾的”；B“被迫的”：C“小心的”，說法都不符合原文的要求。D“有意的”符合文意。故選D。(3).Theauthorimpliesthatascientistachieves"candidacyforgoodfortune"(Line6,Para.4)by______.2.00）A.makingcarefulandrepeatedmathematicalcalculationsB.playinghunchesratherthandependingonresearchC.performingenoughexperimentstoincreasethestatisticalprobabilityofsuccessD.obtainingknowledgethatallowshimorhertorecognizeimportantevidence√?定位到第四段第六行。文中沒有提及數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算，故A錯；B“依靠預(yù)感而不是實(shí)驗(yàn)”太絕對，故BC錯誤是因?yàn)閮H僅增加實(shí)驗(yàn)的次數(shù)是不能增加成功概率的，原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是足夠的知識積累和經(jīng)驗(yàn)才能夠解釋出現(xiàn)的某種跡象；因此，D屬于同義替換，故選。(4).Themeaningofthephrase"casualintersectionoftwolines"(Lastsentence,Para.4)ismostclearlyconveyedbywhichofthefollowing?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.Informalkindsofexperiments.B.Twodetailedplans.C.Geometricallypreciseexperiments.D.Unanticipatedcoincidence.√解析：解析：語義題。題目問的是文中短語casualintersectionoftwolines?定位到文章第四段，說，僅靠幸運(yùn)的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)在科學(xué)研究中起不了什么作用；這個短語在原文中的意思是“隨意的行為”，提到，許多重大科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不是隨意的行為引起的，與此短語正好是同義替換，故選D。(5).Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.2.00）A.delineateasingledefinitionofluck√B.showthatscientistsdiscoverwhattheyintendtofindC.comparesciencetoagameD.sharethepleasureinmakingscientificdiscoveries?全文一直都在討論運(yùn)氣在科學(xué)研究方面發(fā)揮的作用。A“對幸運(yùn)的一個簡單定義的描述”；B“展示出科學(xué)家們找到了他們致力于研究的東西”，此說雖然把科學(xué)研究與買彩票進(jìn)行類比，但這不是寫此文章的目的，因此C原文主旨不符。故選A。Ednawasnotintheleastsurprisedbymyoffer.Ihitchedthetraveling-cancontainingthefoodontothecarrier.Ididn'twanttorideontheroughapproachtothehousesoIrolledthebicycletheshortdistancefromthehousetothemadwhileEdnawalkedbesideme.MountingthevehiclewiththecanonthebackandEdnaonthecross-barprovedalittletricky,Isolvedtheproblembygettingontheseatfirstandkeepingthebicyclestationarywithonefootrestingfirmlyontheground.ThenEdnaclimbedonthebarsittingsideways;andIpushedoff.TheexcitementofhavinghersoclosewithinmyarmsandtheperfumeofherhairinmynosewouldhaveprovedoverpoweringifI'dhadmuchtimetoconsiderit.Ihadn't.Theroadtothehospitalturnedouttobequitehilly,notsteepbutjustenoughtotakethewindoutofone;andwiththekindofpassengerIhad,Ididn'tcaretoadmittooreadilytobeingtired.SoIracedupallthelittlehillocksuntilmyheartragedlikeabonfire."Youareverystrong,"saidEdna."Why?"Isaid,orratherpuffedout,inoneenormousexpiration,asIroundedthesummitofyetanothersmallhill."Youareeatingallthehillslikeyam.""Ihaven'tseenanyhillyet,"Ireplied,gettingbacksomeofmybreathasIpedaledfreelydownthesmall,friendlydescentthatfollowed.Thesewordswerehardlyoutofmymouthwhenastupidsheepandherfourorfivelambsrushedoutoftheroadsideonmyleft.Ibrakedsharply.UnfortunatelyEdna'sbackwasrestingonmyleftarmandpreventedmeapplyingthebrakeonthatsideeffectively.Soonlythebrakeonthefrontwheelperformedfully.Thebicyclepitchedforwardandcrashedontheroad.EdnawasthrownfartheruptheroadandassoonasIgotup,Irushedtohelphertoherfeetagain.ThenIturnedtogazeatthefoodinthesandyroad.Icouldhavewept.Ijuststoodlookingatitandbitingmylip.ThenEdnaburstintonervouslaughterwhichcompletedmyhumiliation.Ididn'twanttolookather.WithouttakingmyeyesfromthefoodImurmuredthatIwasverysorry.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).Wecaninferthat,atthebeginningofthepassage,thewriterhadjustoffered______.分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.tomarryEdnaB.totakesomefoodtohospitalC.togiveEdnaalifttohospital√D.toshowhowwellhecouldrideabicycle解析：解析：推論題。題目問的是一開始向女孩提出了什么樣的邀請?定位到第一段“…bymyoffer…Ednaclimbedonthebar…andIpushedoff…Theroadtothehospital…”可以推斷出想讓艾德娜搭自己的順風(fēng)車。故選C。(2).Thewaythewriterrodehisbicycleoverthehillshowsthat______.2.00）A.hewasverystrongB.hetriedtoexciteEdnaC.Ednawasveryattractivetohim√D.hewantedtoimpressEdna?定位到第一段第六句“Theexcitementof．．．perfumeofherhairinmynosewouldhaveprovedoverpowering…”可以得出Edna對極具吸引力，故選C。(3).Theaccidentcouldprobablyhavebeenavoidedif______.2.00）A.thewriterhadnotbrakedsharplyB.bothbrakeshadworkedproperly√C.hehadnotbeensobusyadmiringEdnaD.hehadlookedwherehewasgoing解析：解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是如果______就可以避免出事故。倒數(shù)第二段指出“Edna’sbackwasrestingonmyleftarm”。Thebrake…左邊的剎車失靈，也就是說是如果前后剎車都有效的話，事故是可以避免的，故選B。(4).Itisimpliedthatthewriter'schieffeelingaftertheaccidentwasof______.2.00）A.sorrowbecauseofthespoiledfoodB.angeratthestupidsheepC.guiltbecauseofhavinghurtEdnaD.concernabouthislossofface√解析：解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是在事故發(fā)生后的感受。定位到末段“…whichcompletedmyhumiliation，及Ididn’twanttolookather”，可以推斷出事故后，主要覺得這事情讓他很尷尬，關(guān)心的是他的面子問題，故選D。(5).Theunderlinedphrase"totakethewindoutofone"mostprobablymeansinthecontext______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.tomakeoneeasilyfeeltired√B.totakethebreathoutofsomeoneC.torainthepleasantridewithhisgirlfriendD.tomaketheridemoredifficult解析：解析：釋義題。題目問的是畫線部分“totakethewindoutofone”的意思。由畫線句前面的“notsteepbut…”可推斷出畫線部分與steep“陡峭的”意義相反，與“Ididn’tcaretoadmittooreadilytobeingtired”意義相同，即通往醫(yī)院的路雖然不是很陡峭，但是卻很容易使人疲勞，故選A。At9:00intheeveningonJanuary29,justasPresidentGeorgeW.BushwasabouttobeginhisfirstStateoftheUnionaddress,Igatheredwiththreeanxiousscientistsinasmall,windowlesslaboratoryinWorcester,Massachusetts.WewereatAdvancedCellTechnologyaprivatelyownedbiotechnologycompanythatbrieflymadeinternationalheadlineslastfallbypublishingthefirstscientificaccountofclonedhumanembryos.Thesignificanceoftheachievementwasdebatable:thecompany'smostsuccessfulembryohadreachedonlysixcellsbeforeitstoppeddividing(oneotherhadreachedfourcellsanotherhadreachedtwo)—afactthatledtoawidespreaddismissal,inthemediaandthescientificcommunity,ofACT's"breakthrough".Theworkwaslargelyjudgedtobepreliminary,inconsequentialandcertainlynotworthyofheadlines.Manypeopleinpoliticalandreligiouscircles,however,hadadecidedlydifferentview.TheydeemedACT'sworkanethicaltransgressionofthehighestorderandprofessedshock,indignation,andhorror.Nonetheless,ACTwaspressingahead—whichwaswhyIhadcometothecompany'scloninglabthatnightinJanuary.Thedoortothelabwaslocked;asurveillancecameramountedontheceilingwatchedoureverymove,andthemoodwasatonceurgentandtense.Ahumanegg,retrievedjusthoursearlierfromayoungdonor,waspositionedunderamicroscope,itsimageglowingonanearbyvideomonitor.Theegg'schromosomeswouldshortlyberemoved,andthescientistsintheroomwouldattempttofusewhatremainedoftheeggwithahumanskincell.Iftheproceduresucceeded,theresultwouldbeaclonedhumanembryo.Skincelltoembryo—it'soneofthemostremarkablequickchangescenariosmodernbiologyhastooffer.It'salsooneofthemostcontroversial.Sincetheannouncement,in1997,ofthecloningofthesheepDolly,attemptstousehumancellsforcloninghaveprovokedheateddebateintheUnitedStates,separatingthosewhohavefaithinthepromiseofthenewtechnologyfromthosewhoenvisionitsdarksideandunintendedconsequences.Crucialtothedebateisthefactthathumancloningresearchfallsintotwodistinctcategories:reproductivecloning,awidelyfrowned-oneffortthataimstoproduceafullyformedchild;andtherapeuticcloning,ascientificallyreputableprocedurethattakesplaceentirelyatthemicroscopiclevelandisdesignedtoadvancemedicaltherapiesandcurehumanailments.ThetwostartoutthesamewithanewembryoinaPetridish.ButthescientistsIwasobservinginthelabhadnointentionofcreatingaperson.Insteadtheywereembarkingonanexperimentthat,ifsuccessful,wouldbeafirststeptowardcreatingradicalnewcuresforpatientslikethedonoroftheskincell—TrevorRoss(nothisrealname),atwo-year-oldboyafflictedwitharareanddevastatinggeneticdisease.Themoodinthelabwastenseinpartbecauseoftheuncertainoutcomeoftheexperiment.ButitwasalsotensebecauseofconcernoverwhatPresidentBushmightsayaboutcloninginhisaddresstothenation.Aradioinonecorneroftheroomwastunedtothebroadcastasthescientistsbegantheirwork,andtheywerelisteningcarefully:inperhapsnootherfieldsofscienceareresearchersasmindfulofwhichwaythepoliticalwindsareblowing.TheACTscientistshadagoodreasontobeconcerned—whattheyweredoingthatnightmightsoonbemadeillegal.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).Theauthorwasmostprobablyas______.2.00）A.anobserverB.asecretaryC.asecretagentD.acorrespondent√解析：解析：推斷題。題目問的是的身份是什么?根據(jù)第一段第一句“Igatheredwiththreeanxiousscientistsinasmall，windowlesslaboratory”可知去了ACT公司的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，并對該公司的克隆書”，C“特工”都不符合，故選D。(2).Accordingtotheauthor,______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）A.ACT'sscientistshadnointentionofcreatingapersonB.ACT'sexperimentwouldbeafirststeptowardscreatingrad