中醫(yī)學(xué)課件：針灸學(xué)基礎(chǔ)

2023/3/14針灸學(xué)基礎(chǔ)

AcupunctureandMoxibustion

TheMeridianSystemThemeridians中醫(yī)學(xué)理論體系的重要組成在陰陽五行學(xué)說指導(dǎo)下與臟象學(xué)說\氣血精津液學(xué)說互為補充指導(dǎo)針灸\推拿\方藥\氣功的臨床使用經(jīng)脈(Meridian)和絡(luò)脈(Collateral)的總稱．“經(jīng)者，徑也；經(jīng)之支脈旁出者為絡(luò)”1.TheConcertofMeridianSystem

TheMeridianSystem經(jīng)脈：十二正經(jīng)(Twelveregularmeridians)奇經(jīng)八脈(Eightextrameridians)十二經(jīng)別(Twelvedivergentmeridians)十二經(jīng)筋（Twelve

muscle

regions)十二皮部(Twelve

cutaneous

regions)絡(luò)脈：十五別絡(luò)(Fifteen

collaterals)孫絡(luò)(Superficial

collaterals)浮絡(luò)(Minute

collaterals)名稱：手足

陰陽

臟腑

手

太陰

肺經(jīng)

足

陽明胃經(jīng)內(nèi)為陰、外為陽上為手、下為足陰中有“太陰、厥陰、少陰”陽中有“陽明、少陽、太陽”

前中后

The

character

of

Meridian手三陰經(jīng)手太陰肺經(jīng)Lung手厥陰心包經(jīng)Pericardium手少陰心經(jīng)Heart手三陽經(jīng)手陽明大腸經(jīng)Large

intestine手少陽三焦經(jīng)Sanjiao手太陽小腸經(jīng)Small

intestine足三陽經(jīng)足陽明胃經(jīng)Stomach足少陽膽經(jīng)Gallbladder足太陽膀胱經(jīng)Bladder足三陰經(jīng)足太陰脾經(jīng)Spleen足厥陰肝經(jīng)Liver足少陰腎經(jīng)KidneyThe

Eight

Extra

Meridians任、督、沖、帶、陽維、陰維、陽蹺、陰蹺不絡(luò)屬臟腑、無表里關(guān)系依據(jù)功能及部位命名。手三陽經(jīng)

手

頭

胸

足

手三陰經(jīng)足三陽經(jīng)足三陰經(jīng)手三陰經(jīng)，從胸走手，手三陽經(jīng)，從手走頭，足三陽經(jīng)，從頭走足，足三陰經(jīng)，從足走腹胸。Location

奇經(jīng)八脈（The

extrameridians)

（一）含義：“奇”有“異”的意思，是指與十二經(jīng)脈不同而“別道奇行”的八條經(jīng)脈，即任脈、督脈、沖脈、帶脈、陰維脈、陽維脈、陰蹺脈、陽蹺脈等，統(tǒng)稱奇經(jīng)八脈。

（二）特點：

（1）不隸屬于臟腑，又無表里配合關(guān)系。

（2）除任、督二脈有自己的獨立腧穴外，其他六條經(jīng)脈的腧穴都寄附于十二正經(jīng)與任、督脈之中。

（3）循行錯綜于十二經(jīng)脈之間，而且與正經(jīng)在人體多處相互交會，因而奇經(jīng)八脈有涵蓄十二經(jīng)氣血和調(diào)節(jié)十二經(jīng)盛衰的作用。

“當十二經(jīng)脈及臟腑氣血旺盛時，奇經(jīng)八脈能加以蓄積，當人體功能活動需要時，奇經(jīng)八脈又能滲灌供應(yīng)。”

十二經(jīng)別(The

twelvedivergentmeridians)

十二經(jīng)別是十二經(jīng)脈離、合、出、入的別行部分。十二經(jīng)別在四肢部別出經(jīng)脈（離）于胸腹與臟腑聯(lián)系（入）出于頭頸部（出），與相表里的陽經(jīng)相合（合）（其中陽經(jīng)合于本經(jīng)，陰經(jīng)合于相表里的陽經(jīng)）。

十二經(jīng)別溝通表里經(jīng)，增強表里經(jīng)、經(jīng)脈與臟腑的聯(lián)系，擴大了經(jīng)穴的主治范圍。

十五絡(luò)脈(Fifteen

collaterals)

十二經(jīng)脈在四肢部各別出一絡(luò)，以別出的穴位名命名，任脈與督脈各有一絡(luò)，加之脾之大絡(luò)，共有十五絡(luò)。

絡(luò)脈有具體的循行，十二經(jīng)絡(luò)脈能溝通表里經(jīng)，加強表里經(jīng)之間的聯(lián)系；任脈、督脈絡(luò)及脾之大絡(luò)，則溝通身前、身后、身側(cè)之氣血，促進氣血滲灌輸布，濡養(yǎng)全身組織。列缺--手太陰絡(luò)脈

偏歷--手陽明絡(luò)脈通里--手少陰絡(luò)脈

支正--手太陽絡(luò)脈內(nèi)關(guān)--手厥陰絡(luò)脈

外關(guān)--手少陽絡(luò)脈豐隆--足陽明絡(luò)脈

公孫--足太陰絡(luò)脈飛揚--足太陽絡(luò)脈

大鐘--足少陰絡(luò)脈光明--足少陽絡(luò)脈

蠡溝--足厥陰絡(luò)脈長強--督脈之絡(luò)

尾翳--任脈之絡(luò)大包--脾之大絡(luò)

十二經(jīng)筋(The

twelve

muscle

regions)

十二經(jīng)筋是十二經(jīng)脈之氣滲灌，濡養(yǎng)的筋肉組織。

起于四肢末端，結(jié)聚于關(guān)節(jié)和骨骼部，與臟腑無屬絡(luò)關(guān)系。其中，陽經(jīng)結(jié)聚頭面，手三陰結(jié)聚于胸膈，足三陰結(jié)聚于陰部。

作用：聯(lián)絡(luò)筋骨，約束關(guān)節(jié)，維持人體的正常運動。

十二皮部(

The

twelve

cutaneous

regions)

十二經(jīng)脈循行的體表區(qū)域，亦是十二經(jīng)脈功能活動反映于體表的部位。

臨床上可以反映臟腑經(jīng)絡(luò)的病癥，有一定的診斷意義。Function

經(jīng)絡(luò)的作用：溝通表里內(nèi)外、聯(lián)系臟腑器官；

通行氣血，濡養(yǎng)臟腑組織；調(diào)節(jié)功能平衡；感應(yīng)傳導(dǎo)作用。Function闡述病理指導(dǎo)診斷經(jīng)絡(luò)診法—運用于診斷方面。分經(jīng)辯證—運用于辯證方面。治療預(yù)防循經(jīng)取穴—運用于針灸按摩等治療方面。藥物歸經(jīng)—運用于藥物的使用方面。

Acupoints

腧穴的基本概念

conception

AspecialpointowhichtheQiofmeridianandZang-fu

腧穴的分類

classification1、十四經(jīng)穴（經(jīng)穴）：有名稱、有定位、有歸經(jīng)、有主治功能。AcupointsoftheFourteenMeridians：regularname\regularlocation\Distributedalongmeridians\Function2、經(jīng)外奇穴（奇穴):有名稱、有定位、無歸經(jīng)、有特殊功能。ExtraordinaryAcupoints:regularname\regularlocation\Function3、阿是穴：”以痛為腧”AshiAcupoint:Sensitivepoints

腧穴主治作用

Therapeutic

Properties近治作用:

Local

and

Adjacent

Therapeutic

Properties

指一切腧穴均能治療其所在部位局部與鄰近組織、臟器的病證。遠治作用:

Remote

Therapeutic

Properties

十四經(jīng)所屬腧穴中，尤其是十二經(jīng)脈在四肢肘膝關(guān)節(jié)以下的腧穴，不僅能治療局部病證，而且還能治療本經(jīng)循行所過處的遠隔部位的臟腑、組織器官病證。特殊作用:

Special

Therapeutic

Properties手三陰經(jīng)名主治手太陰肺經(jīng)肺、咽喉病胸部病手厥陰心包經(jīng)胃病心病神志病手少陰心經(jīng)手三陽經(jīng)經(jīng)名主治手陽明大腸經(jīng)手少陽三焦經(jīng)手太陽小腸經(jīng)前頭、面、眼、鼻、口齒病側(cè)頭、耳、脅肋病后頭、項、肩胛病頭部病足三陽經(jīng)經(jīng)名主

治足陽明胃經(jīng)足厥陰肝經(jīng)足少陰腎經(jīng)前頭、面眼、口齒、喉、胃腸病側(cè)頭、耳、脅肋、肝膽病后頭、項、背腰部（背俞并治臟腑?。╊^部病足三陰經(jīng)經(jīng)名主

治足太陰脾經(jīng)足厥陰肝經(jīng)足少陰腎經(jīng)脾胃病肝膽病、脅肋、頭面病肺病、咽喉病腹部?。ㄇ瓣幉?、婦科病）任督二脈經(jīng)名主

治任脈督脈回陽固脫，有強壯作用。中風、昏迷、熱病、頭面病神志病、臟腑病、婦科病Special

acupionts五輸穴“井主心下滿，滎主身熱，腧主體重節(jié)痛，經(jīng)主喘咳寒熱，合主逆氣而瀉”“病在藏者取之井，病變于色取之滎，病時間時甚者取之輸，病變于音者取之經(jīng)，經(jīng)滿而血者，病在胃，飲食不節(jié)得病者，取之于合?！薄按捍叹?，夏刺滎，季夏刺輸，秋刺經(jīng)，冬刺合?！标幘?，陽井金；陰滎火，陽滎水；陰俞土，陽俞木；陰經(jīng)金，陽經(jīng)火；陰合水，陽合土。

原穴

十二經(jīng)脈在腕、踝關(guān)節(jié)附近各有一個腧穴，是臟腑原氣經(jīng)過和留止的部位，稱為“原穴”，合稱“十二原”。陰經(jīng)五臟之原穴，即是五輸穴中的輸穴。

“陰經(jīng)之輸并于原”（《圖翼》），指出就是“以輸為原”。

陽經(jīng)六腑輸穴之外另有原穴有別?！峨y經(jīng)·六十二難》指出：“三焦行諸陽，故置一輸名曰原”。意思是說三焦原氣行于外，陽經(jīng)脈氣盛長，故于輸穴之外另有原穴。

絡(luò)穴

絡(luò)脈在由經(jīng)脈分出的部位各有一個腧穴，稱為絡(luò)穴。

十二經(jīng)在四肢肘膝關(guān)節(jié)以下各有一絡(luò)穴，加上任脈之絡(luò)穴鳩尾位于腹，督脈之絡(luò)穴長強位于尾骶，脾之大絡(luò)大包穴布于胸脅，共有十五穴，故稱為“十五絡(luò)穴”。

郄穴

郄穴是各經(jīng)經(jīng)氣深聚的部位。大多分布在四肢肘膝以下。

十二經(jīng)脈各有一個郄穴，陰陽蹺脈及陰陽維脈也各有一個郄穴，合而為十六郄穴。

陽經(jīng)郄穴主痛癥，陰經(jīng)郄穴主血癥。

俞穴

俞穴是臟腑經(jīng)氣輸注于背腰部的腧穴，又稱“背俞穴”。背俞穴位于背腰部足太陽膀胱經(jīng)的第一側(cè)線上，大體依臟腑位置而上下排列，分別冠以臟腑之名，共十二穴。募穴

臟腑經(jīng)氣結(jié)聚于胸腹部的腧穴，又稱“腹募穴”。

六臟六腑共有十二募穴。募穴分布在胸腹部，其位置大體與相應(yīng)臟腑所在部相對應(yīng)。

下合穴

六腑之氣下合于足三陽經(jīng)的六個腧穴，稱為下合穴。又稱六腑下合穴。

它是根據(jù)《靈樞·邪氣臟腑病形》“合治內(nèi)府”的理論而提出來的。即指“胃合于三里，大腸合于巨虛上廉，小腸合入于巨虛下廉，三焦合入于委陽，膀胱合入于委中央，膽合入于陽陵泉”。

八會穴

八會穴，是指臟、腑、氣、血、筋、脈、骨、髓八者精氣會聚的腧穴。

凡與此八者有關(guān)的病證均可選用相關(guān)的八會穴來治療。八脈交會穴

奇經(jīng)八脈與十二經(jīng)脈之氣相通的八個腧穴，稱為八脈交會穴。又稱“交經(jīng)八穴”、“八脈八穴”、“流注八穴”。均分布在肘膝以下。

八脈交會八穴，臨床上常采用上下相應(yīng)的配穴法，如公孫配內(nèi)關(guān)治療胃、心、胸部病癥和瘧疾，后溪配申脈治內(nèi)眼角、耳、項、肩胛部位病及發(fā)熱惡寒等表證，外關(guān)配足臨泣治療外眼角、耳、頰、頸、肩部病及寒熱往來證，列缺配照海治咽喉、胸膈、肺病和陰虛內(nèi)熱等八

脈

交

會

穴

表

經(jīng)屬八穴通八脈會合部位足太陰公孫沖脈胃、心、胸手厥陰內(nèi)關(guān)陰維手少陽外關(guān)陽維目外眥、頰、頸、耳后、肩足少陽足臨泣帶脈手太陽后溪督脈目內(nèi)眥、頸耳、肩胛足太陽申脈陽蹻手太陰列缺任脈胸、肺、膈、喉嚨足少陰照海陰蹻交會穴

交會穴是指兩經(jīng)或數(shù)經(jīng)相交會合的腧穴。

其中主要的一經(jīng)即腧穴所歸屬的一經(jīng)稱為本經(jīng)，相交會的經(jīng)稱為他經(jīng)。

交會穴不但能治本經(jīng)的疾病，還能兼治所交會經(jīng)脈的疾病。腧穴的定位方法(Methods

of

locating)體表標志定位法(Anatomical

Landmarks)骨度折量定位法(Proportional

Measurement)指寸定位法(Fingers

Measurement)體表標志定位法(Anatomical

Landmarks)

體表解剖標志定位法，以體表解剖學(xué)的各種體表標志為依據(jù)確定經(jīng)穴位置的方法。體表解剖標志有固定標志和活動標志兩大類：

固定標志(Fixed

landmarks)：是指利用五官、毛發(fā)、爪甲、乳頭、臍窩以及骨節(jié)凸起和凹陷、肌肉隆起等部位作為取穴標志而言?；顒訕酥?Movable

landmarks)：是指利用關(guān)節(jié)、肌肉、皮膚，隨活動而出現(xiàn)的孔隙、凹陷、皺紋等作為取穴標志而言。骨度折量定位法(Proportional

Measurement)

骨度折量定位法，是以體表骨節(jié)為主要標志折量全身各部的長度和寬度，定出分寸，用以確定腧穴位置的方法，又稱骨度分寸法、骨度法、折骨定穴法。

指寸定位法(Fingers

Measurement)

指寸定位法，是以患者本人手指的某些部位折作一定分寸用以比量腧穴位置的方法，又稱手指比量法、手指同身寸取穴法。中指同身寸(middle

finger

measurement)：即以患者的中指屈曲時，中節(jié)內(nèi)側(cè)兩端紋頭之間作為1寸。拇指同身寸(Thumb

finger

measurement)：即指拇指指關(guān)節(jié)之橫度作為1寸。橫指同身寸(four-finger

measurement)：又稱“一夫”法,也就是將食、中、無名、小指相并，四橫指為一夫，即四橫指相并，以其中指第二節(jié)為準，量取四指之橫度作為3寸。手太陰肺經(jīng)

LungMeridianofHandTaiyin(LU)走向：從胸走手Direction:fromchesttohand位置：手內(nèi)側(cè)前緣Location:anterioraspectofinnerupperextremity屬性：陰經(jīng)Characteristic:Yin

手太陰肺經(jīng)

LungMeridianofHandTaiyin(LU)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬肺絡(luò)大腸Connectionwithorgan：LungandLargeIntestine

起止穴：中府—少商ExtremityPoints:LU1----LU11交接關(guān)系：上接足厥陰肝經(jīng)，下交手陽明大腸經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:LivermeridianofFootJueyin;LargeinterestineMeridianofHandYangming

云門(LU2)中府(LU1)尺澤(LU5)列缺(LU7)少商(LU11)LungMeridianofHandTaiyin(LU)

FunctionofAcupoints1、與肺臟（呼吸道）相關(guān)病變：咳、喘、哮、痰A(chǔ)pplicationinthetreatmentofRespiration:Cough,Asthma,croup,sputum2、與大腸經(jīng)相關(guān)的病變：如腹痛、腹瀉、便秘。Applicationinthetreatmentofbowelsyndrome:Colic,Diarrhea,constipation

LungMeridianofHandTaiyin(LU)

FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：手痛、肘臂攣急、上肢癱瘓.Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Painfulormuscularspasmofupperextremity,hemiplegia4、其它Specialfunction尺澤

LU5

定位在肘橫紋中，肱二頭肌腱橈側(cè)凹陷處。LocationAttheelbowcrease,ontheradial（橈側(cè)的）sideofthetendon（腱)ofthebiceps(二頭?。゜rachial（臂的）muscle.主治肺炎，支氣管炎，胸膜炎，咽喉腫痛。肘臂腫痛。Function:Bronchitis,pneumonia,asthma,sorethroatPainorswollenoftheelbow針灸法直刺0.5～0.8寸；或點刺出血。Manipulation:Perpendicularpuncturefor0.5-1cun.*合穴列缺

LU7定位在前臂橈側(cè)緣，橈骨莖突上方，腕橫紋上1.5寸

Location:1.5cunabovethemostdistaltransvesecreaseofthewrist,abovethestyloidprocessoftheradiusSimpleway：Holdthetwopalmstogetherbytouchingthetwowebsnearthethumbtogether;thedent,whichtheindexfingercanfeelistheacupoint

列缺

LU7主治咳嗽、哮喘、支氣管炎、蕁麻疹面神經(jīng)麻痹頸項強痛腕關(guān)節(jié)周圍軟組織疾病。FunctionCough,asthma,bronchitis,urticaria.FacialparalysisStiffneckWeaknessofwrist針灸法向肘部斜刺0.2～0.3寸.Manipulation:Obliquepuncturetowardselbowfor0.2-0.3cun*絡(luò)穴少商

LU11定位在拇指末節(jié)橈側(cè)，距指甲角0.1寸（指寸）。Location:Ontheradialsideofthethumb,about0.1cunbehindthecornerofthenail.主治扁桃體炎，腮腺炎、感冒，咳嗽，肺炎，咯血。中風昏厥，發(fā)熱，精神分裂癥，小兒消化不良。Function:Tonsilitis,Mumps,Commoncold,Cough,puemonia,Emptysis,.Coma,fever,manic-depressive

少商

LU11

針灸法向腕部平刺0.2～0.3寸，或用三棱針點刺出血.Manipulation:Obliquepunctureupwardsfor0.1cun,Inducebleeding.*井穴手陽明大腸經(jīng)

LargeIntestineMeridianofHandYangming(LI)走向：從手走頭Direction:fromhandtohead位置：手外側(cè)前緣Location:anterioraspectofouterupperextremity屬性：陽經(jīng)Characteristic:Yang

手陽明大腸經(jīng)

LargeIntestineMeridianofHandYangming(LI)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬大腸絡(luò)肺Connectionwithorgan：LargeIntestineandLung起止穴：商陽—迎香ExtremityPoints:LI1----LI20交接關(guān)系：上接手太陰肺經(jīng)，下交足陽明胃經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:LungmeridianofhandTaiyin;stomachMeridianoffootYangming手陽明大腸經(jīng)循環(huán)示意圖扶突肩髃曲池合谷商陽迎春LIMeridianofHandYangming(LI)

FunctionofAcupoints1、與大腸相關(guān)的病變：如腹痛、腹瀉、便秘。Applicationinthetreatmentofbowelsyndrome:Colic,Diarrhea,constipation2、與肺經(jīng)相關(guān)病變：咳、喘、哮、痰、外感ApplicationinthetreatmentofLung

Meridian:Cough,Asthma,croup,sputum，Catch

a

cold.

LIMeridianofHandYangming(LI)

FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：手痛、肘臂攣急、上肢癱瘓.Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Painfulormuscularspasmofupperextremity,hemiplegia4、其它:高熱、風疹Specialfunction:

fever，Eczemaallergicdisease商陽（LI）[定位]：在食指末節(jié)橈側(cè)，距指甲角0.1寸（指寸）[Location]Ontheradialsideoftheindexfinger,about0.1cunbehindthecornerofthenail[主治]：1、精神情志疾?。褐酗L昏迷、高熱；1.Febriledisease2、頭面五官疾病：牙痛，咽喉痛，耳聾；OdontalgiaTonsillitisdeaf3、與肺經(jīng)相關(guān)疾?。嚎人?；Cough4、經(jīng)脈所過部位的疾?。菏种嘎槟?；Numbnessoffingers[針灸法]：向上斜刺0.2～0.3寸，或點刺出血；Manipulation:Obliquepunctureupwardsfor0.2-0.3cun,Inducebleeding.。合谷（LI4）[定位]：在手背，第1、2掌骨間，當?shù)?掌骨橈側(cè)的中點處Overthedorsumofthehand,betweenthefirstandscondmetacarpalbones,nearthemiddleofthesecondmetacarpalboneontheradialside.[主治]：1、與大腸相關(guān)疾?。焊雇础⒏篂a、便秘（風寒、風熱）Abdominalpain,diarrhea,constipation2、頭面五官疾病：面神經(jīng)麻痹；Facialparalysistrigeminalneuralgia3、與肺經(jīng)相關(guān)疾?。焊忻埃籆ommoncold4、經(jīng)脈所過部位的疾?。浩c；Stoke,paralysis[針灸法]：直刺0.5～0.8寸；灸3～5壯。Perpendicularpuncturefor0.5-1cun曲池（LI11）[定位]：在肘橫紋外側(cè)端，屈肘，當尺澤與肱骨外上髁連線中點。Attheendofelbowtransversecreasewhentheelbowisflexed[主治]：1、與大腸相關(guān)疾?。焊雇础⒏篂a、便秘等；Abdominalpaindiarrheaconstipation2、頭面五官疾?。好姘c、面痛、面肌痙攣；Facialparalysisfacialmusclespasmtrigeminalneuralgia3、與肺經(jīng)相關(guān)疾病：高熱；fever4、經(jīng)脈所過部位的疾?。荷现P(guān)節(jié)痛。Painofupperlimber5、皮膚?。簼裾睢⑦^敏性疾病。Eczemaallergicdisease6、常用降壓穴。hypertension[針灸法]：直刺0.8～1.2寸；灸5～10壯。肩髃(LI15)[取法]：肩峰前下方，當肩峰與肱骨大結(jié)節(jié)之間取穴。上臂平舉時，肩部出現(xiàn)兩個凹陷，前方的凹陷就是肩髃穴。Attheantero-inferiorpartoftheacromion,wheretwodepressionsareformedwhenthearmisraisedhorizontally.Theanteriordepressionistheacupoint[主治]：1、肩臂疼痛，半身不遂；Paralysisofhand,periathritisofshoulder[刺灸法]：直刺0.5～0.8寸；可灸。迎香(LI20)[取法]：在鼻翼外緣中點旁開，當鼻唇溝中取穴。Besidethemidpointoftheouterofthealanasi,inthenasolabialgroove[主治]：鼻塞，口眼歪斜，

chronicrhinitisfacialparalysis[刺灸法]：直刺0.1～0.2寸，Obliquepuncturetowardthenoserootfor0.1-0.2cun足陽明胃經(jīng)

StomachMeridianoffootYangming(ST)走向：從頭走足Direction:fromheadtofoot位置：面部-胸前-下肢前外側(cè)Location:face-chest–anterioraspectofouterofthelowerextremity屬性：陽經(jīng)Characteristic:Yang

足陽明胃經(jīng)

StomachMeridianoffootYangming(ST)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬胃絡(luò)脾Connectionwithorgan：stomachandspleen起止穴：承泣—厲兌ExtremityPoints:ST1----ST45交接關(guān)系：上接手陽明大腸經(jīng)，下交足太陰脾經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:Largeintestine

meridianofhandYangming;spleenMeridianoffootTaiyin足陽明胃經(jīng)循環(huán)示意圖人迎缺盆不容髀關(guān)梁丘上巨虛氣沖下關(guān)頰車頭維StomachMeridianofFoot-Yangming(ST)

FunctionofAcupoints1、脾胃相關(guān)的疾病：胃炎、腸炎、消化不良等Applicationinthetreatmentofthediseaseindigestivesystem:gastritis,enteritis,indigestion.2、頭面五官的疾病：Applicationinthetreatmentofthedisease

of

the

head,face,eye

and

so

on:facial

paralysis,

toothache.

LargeIntestineMeridianofHandYangming(LI)

FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：下肢疼痛、癱瘓.Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Painfulormuscularspasmof

lowerextremity,hemiplegia4、其他Specialfunction定位：目正視，瞳孔直下口角旁0.4Directlybelowthepupil,about0.4cunfromtheangleofthemonth,whentheeyeslookingstraightforward主治：頭面五官疾病：口眼歪斜、流涎。Facialparalysissalivation針刺法:斜刺0.3-0.5寸,Obliquepuncturefor0.3-0.5cun

地倉（ST4)頰車(ST6)定位:下頜角前上方一橫指凹陷中,咀嚼時咬肌隆起最高點處Overthemasseter,1cunanteriorandsuperiortotheangleofthemandible主治:口咼、口噤、Toothachefacialspasm針刺法：直刺0.3-0.5寸Perpendicularlypuncturefor0.3-0.5cun

下關(guān)(ST7)定位：顴弓下緣，下頜骨髁狀突之前方凹陷處，閉口取穴Inthedepression1cunanteriortothetragus,justbelowthemiddleofthezygomaticarch主治：耳聾、耳鳴、齒痛、口眼斜，三叉神經(jīng)痛Deafness,tinnitus,Toothache,facialparalysistrigeminalneuralgia操作：直刺0.5-1寸Perpendicularlypunctureof0.5-1cun天樞（ST25）定位：臍旁2寸2cunbesidetheumbilicus主治與胃腸相關(guān)的疾?。焊雇?、便秘、泄瀉等Abdominalpainconstipationdiarrhea婦科疾?。涸陆?jīng)不調(diào)Menorrhagia(menstruationdisease)針刺法：直刺1-1.5寸足三里（ST36）定位：犢鼻穴下3寸，脛骨前嵴外一橫指處3cunbelowthedentoflateralpatellaligament,onefingerbreadthfromtheanteriorcreatofthetibia主治：與胃腸相關(guān)疾?。何竿础I吐、腹瀉等Gastralspasm,vomit,diarrhea經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：下肢痹痛Painfulandnumbnessoflowlimhs其它：1、利水消腫：治療水腫swell2、化痰穴：治療咳嗽痰多Coughandsputum3、強壯穴：虛勞羸瘦Strongerpoint針刺法：直刺1-2寸。

豐隆（ST40）定位：外踝高點上8寸，脛骨前嵴外二橫指8cunfromtheoutertipofankle,twofingerbreadthfromtheanteriorcrestofthetibia主治：與胃腸相關(guān)的疾病：嘔吐、便秘等Vomit,constipation治痰要穴：痰多咳嗽，頭暈?zāi)垦＃ㄌ禎嶂凶栊停〢sthma,dizziness,經(jīng)絡(luò)所過部位的病變：下肢痿痹Paralysisoflowlimb針刺法：直刺0.5-1寸內(nèi)庭（ST44）定位：足背第二、三趾縫紋端Behindtheverticalskincreaseofthewebbetweenthe2ndand3ndtoes,onthejunctionoftheredandwhiteskin主治：泄胃熱：鼽衄、齒痛、咽喉腫痛epistaxistoothachesorethroat

針刺法直刺0.3-0.5Perpendicularpuncturefor0.3-0.5足太陰脾經(jīng)

SpleenMeridianoffootTaiyin(SP)走向：從足走胸Direction:fromfoottochest位置：下肢內(nèi)側(cè)前緣Location:anterioraspectofinnerofthelowerextremity屬性：陰經(jīng)Characteristic:Yin

足太陰脾經(jīng)

SpleenMeridianoffootTaiyin(SP)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬脾絡(luò)胃Connectionwithorgan：spleen

andstomach起止穴：隱白—大包ExtremityPoints:SP1----SP21交接關(guān)系：上接足陽明胃經(jīng)，下交手少陰心經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:stomach

meridianoffootYangming;heardMeridianofhandsaoyin足太陰脾經(jīng)循環(huán)示意圖周榮大橫血海沖門三陰交隱臺Spleen

ofFoot-Taiyin(SP)

FunctionofAcupoints1、脾胃相關(guān)的疾?。何秆住⒛c炎、消化不良,腹瀉等Applicationinthetreatmentofthediseaseindigestivesystem:gastritis,enteritis,indigestion，diarrhea.2、生殖泌尿系統(tǒng)疾?。篈pplicationinthetreatmentofreproductive

and

urinary

system:retention

of

urine,

metrorrhagia

Spleen

ofFoot-Taiyin(SP)

FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：下肢疼痛、癱瘓、膝關(guān)節(jié)疼痛Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:

Painfulormuscularspasmof

lowerextremity,hemiplegia,knee

pain.4、其他Specialfunction隱白（SP1）定位：足大趾內(nèi)側(cè)甲角旁約0.1寸。About0.1cunbehindthecornerofthenail主治：消化不良，崩漏，Dyspepsiametrorrhagia刺灸法：灸moxibustion三陰交（SP6）[位置]

于內(nèi)踝高點上3寸，脛骨內(nèi)后緣取穴。3cunabovetheapexoftheinnermalleolus,behindthetibia[主治]與脾胃相關(guān)的疾病：飧泄，消化不良；diarrheaDyspepsia,生殖、泌尿系統(tǒng)的疾?。涸陆?jīng)不調(diào)，崩漏，irregularmenstruationmetrorrhagia經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：下肢痿痹Paralysisoflowlimb利水作用：水腫，遺尿；Swellingeuresis皮膚病：濕疹，蕁麻疹，Eczema,urticaria其它：失眠，高血壓等。Insomniahypertension[刺灸法]

直刺0.5～1寸；可灸。

陰陵泉（SP9）[位置]

在脛骨內(nèi)側(cè)髁下緣凹陷處取穴。Underthemedialcondyleofthetibia,[主治]與脾胃相關(guān)的疾病：腹脹暴泄水腫Abdominalpain,diarrheaedema生殖、泌尿系統(tǒng)的疾病：小便不利或失禁，retentionofurineandenuresisurethritis經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：膝痛。Painofknee[刺灸法]

直刺0.5～0.8寸；可灸。手少陰心經(jīng)

heardMeridianofHandSaoyin(HT)走向：從胸走手Direction:fromchesttohand位置：手內(nèi)側(cè)后緣Location:posterioraspectofinnerupperextremity屬性：陰經(jīng)Characteristic:Yin

手少陰心經(jīng)

heardMeridianofHandSaoyin(HT)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬心絡(luò)小腸Connectionwithorgan：HeartandSmallIntestine

起止穴：極泉—少沖ExtremityPoints:HT1----HT9交接關(guān)系：上接足大陰脾經(jīng)，下交手太陽小腸經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:SpleenmeridianofFoottaiyin;smallinterestineMeridianofHandtaiyang手少陰心經(jīng)循環(huán)示意圖極泉少海少沖heartMeridianofHandSaoyin(HT)FunctionofAcupoints1、與心相關(guān)病變：Applicationinthetreatmentof

HeartZang:insomnia,lachycardia,bradycardia,mentalproblem,palpitation.2、與小腸經(jīng)相關(guān)的病變：Applicationinthetreatmentofsmallintestinedisease:Sorethroat,fever,Diarrhea,constipation

heardMeridianofHandSaoyin(HT)FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：手痛、肘臂攣急、上肢癱瘓.Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Painfulormuscularspasmofupperextremity,hemiplegia4、其它Specialfunction少海(HT3)[位置]

屈肘，在肘橫紋尺側(cè)紋頭陷凹中取穴。Attheendpfthetransversecubitalcreaseontheulnarside[主治]與心相關(guān)的疾病：心痛、心跳過速、Anginapectoris,tachycardia精神、神志疾病：癇證；epilepsy經(jīng)脈所過部位病變：臂麻，頸痛，脅間神經(jīng)痛；Handnumbness，painofneck，intercostalneuralgia與小腸經(jīng)相關(guān)疾?。侯^痛，目眩，齒齲痛。Headachevertigotoothache

96神門(HT7)[位置]在尺側(cè)腕屈肌腱的橈側(cè)緣，腕橫紋上取穴。Alongthemostdistaltransversecreaseofthewrist,ontheradialsideofthetendonofflexorcarpiulnarismuscle[主治]與心相關(guān)的疾病：心痛，心煩，恍惚，健忘失眠，驚悸怔忡；Anginapectoris,tachycardia,insomnia精神、神志疾?。喊V呆悲哭，癲狂癇證；Mentaldisorderepilepsy經(jīng)脈所過部位病變：胸痛、肘臂攣急；Painofchest,musclespasm與小腸經(jīng)相關(guān)疾病：脅痛，咽干Painofhypochondriacregionsorethroat

97少沖(HT9)[位置]

在小指橈側(cè)，去指甲角0.1寸許取穴。About0.1cunbehindthecornerofthenailontheradialsideofthelittlefinger[主治]心悸，心痛，Anginapectoris,tachycardia,癲狂，熱病，中風昏迷，

epilepsy,febriledisease,coma98手太陽小腸經(jīng)

SmallIntestineMeridianofHandTaiyang(SI)走向：從手走頭Direction:fromhandtohead位置：手外側(cè)后緣Location:posterioraspectofouterupperextremity屬性：陽經(jīng)Characteristic:Yang

手太陽小腸經(jīng)

SmallIntestineMeridianofHandTaiyang(SI)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬小腸絡(luò)心Connectionwithorgan：smallIntestineandheart起止穴：少澤—聽宮ExtremityPoints:SI1----SI19交接關(guān)系：上接手少陰心經(jīng)，下交足太陽膀胱經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:heartmeridianofhandsaoyin;GallbladderMeridianoffoottaiyang手太陽小腸經(jīng)循環(huán)示意圖少澤臑俞秉風小海養(yǎng)老聽官天窗

SmallIntestineMeridianofHandTaiyang(SI)FunctionofAcupoints1、與小腸相關(guān)的病變：Applicationinthetreatmentofsmallintestinedisease:Sorethroat,fever,Diarrhea,constipation，2、頭頸部位疾?。篈pplicationinthetreatmentof

the

disease

in

head

and

neck

regions:pain

of

head,

neck

and

back;

tinnitus,

epicophosis.

SmallIntestineMeridianofHandTaiyang(SI)FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：肩背部疼痛Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Painfulormuscularspasmofupper

limber

and

should4、其它Specialfunction后溪（SI3)[位置]

第五掌指關(guān)節(jié)尺側(cè)后方，第五掌骨小頭后緣，赤白肉際處取穴；握拳時，穴在掌指關(guān)節(jié)后的橫紋頭處。Attheendofthetransvesecreaseofthepalm,lyingbetweentheredandwhiteskin[主治]與小腸相關(guān)疾?。簾岵ebriledisease

精神、神志疾?。喊d狂癇、昏迷;Epilepsycoma頭面五官疾?。侯^項強痛，耳聾，Stiffneck,deafness,tinnitus,經(jīng)脈所過部位病變：肘臂攣急,腰痛Painoftheshouldandback,acutelumbarmusclesprain[刺灸法]直刺0.5～0.8寸；可灸。聽宮（SI3)[位置]

耳屏前，下頜骨髁狀突的后緣，張口呈凹陷處。In

between

the

middle

of

the

tragus

and

mandibular

joint,

where

a

depress

is

formed

when

the

mouth

is

opened[主治]

Deafness,

tinnius,

temporomendibular

joint

disorder.

足太陽膀胱經(jīng)

BladderMeridianoffootTaiyang(BL)走向：從頭走足Direction:fromheadtofoot位置：頸項-背部-下肢后側(cè)Location:neck-back–posterioraspectofthelowerextremity屬性：陽經(jīng)Characteristic:Yang

足太陽膀胱經(jīng)

BladderMeridianoffootTaiyang(BL)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬膀胱絡(luò)腎Connectionwithorgan：gallbladderandkidney起止穴：睛明—至陰ExtremityPoints:BL1----BL67交接關(guān)系：上接手太陽小腸經(jīng)，下交足少陰腎經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:Smallintestine

meridianofhandtaiyang;kidneyMeridianoffootshaoyin攢竹2睛明1腎俞23上髎31承扶36委中40承山57至陰67承光6

BladderMeridianoffootTaiyang(BL)FunctionofAcupoints1、泌尿系疾病：Applicationinthetreatmentofurinary

system:retention

of

urine2、臟腑調(diào)節(jié)功能：背俞穴Bei-shu

xue

BladderMeridianoffootTaiyang(BL)FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：頭、項、背、腰、下肢部疼痛.Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Painfulofhead,neck,back

and

lower

limber.4、其它Specialfunction睛明(BL1)[位置]：于目內(nèi)眥的外上方陷中取穴。About0.1cunsuperiortotheinnercanthus(眼角）,nearthemedialsideoftheorbitae（內(nèi)陷）[主治]：結(jié)膜炎，近視，視萎縮

Conjunctivitis,myopia，opticatropy[刺灸法]：囑病人閉目，左手將眼球推向外側(cè)固定，針沿眼眶邊緣緩緩刺入0.3～0.5寸，不宜作大幅度提插、捻轉(zhuǎn)，禁灸。Puncturingslowlyalongthemedialsideoftheorbitfor0.3-0.5cun,itisnotadvisabletoliftorthrusttheneedleinbigamplitude.Toavoidbleeding,pressthepointfor1-2minutesafterwithdrawaloftheneedle.Forbiddingmoxibustion

攢竹(BL2)[位置]：在眉毛內(nèi)側(cè)端，眶上切跡處取穴。Atthemedialendoftheeyebrowdirectlyabovetheinnercannthus[主治]：頭痛，眉棱骨痛，目眩，目視不明，目赤腫痛，迎風流淚，近視，眼瞼瞤動，面癱。headachetrigeminalneuralgia,facialparalysis,nightblindness[刺灸法]：向下斜刺0.3～0.5寸；Obliquepuncturedownwardfor0.3-0.5cun各椎體棘突下，旁開1.5寸1.5cunbesidethedepressionbelowthespinousprocessofthe

vertebra

1-大杼咳嗽、發(fā)熱、項強（骨會）1-BL11cough,fever,stiffnessofneck3-肺俞咳嗽，氣喘，胸悶（肺的背俞穴）3-BL13cough,asthma,respiratorysystemdisease11-脾俞腹痛，嘔吐，泄瀉，水腫，背痛（脾的背俞穴）11-BL20abdominalpain,vomit,diarrhea,edema,painofback14-腎俞腰膝痠痛，目昏,耳聾,小便不利,水腫,喘咳(腎的背俞穴)。14-BL23urogenitalsystemdisease,vertigo,edema,asthma次髎(BL32)[位置]

俯臥，于第二骶后孔中取穴。Onthescondofposteriorsacralforemen[主治]：腰痛，月經(jīng)不調(diào)，痛經(jīng)，疝氣，小便赤淋，腰以下至足不仁。Pelvicdiseaselowerbackandlegpain

[刺灸法]：直刺0.8～1寸；可灸。Perpendicularpuncturefor0.8-1.5cun委中(BL40)[位置]：當腘窩橫紋中央，于股二頭肌腱與半腱肌腱的中間，俯臥屈膝取穴。Rightinthemiddleofthepopliteal(膝后窩的）fossa（骨溝）[主治]：腰痛，髖關(guān)節(jié)屈伸不利，腘筋攣急，下肢痿痹，Acuteorchronicbackache,sciatica(坐骨神經(jīng)痛），lowerextremitiesparalysis[刺灸法]：直刺0.5～1寸，或三棱針點刺出血；可灸。Perpendicularpuncturetor1-1.5cunorinducebleeding

承山(BL57)[位置]

于腓腸肌肌腹下，伸小腿時，當肌腹下出現(xiàn)交角處取穴。Belowthebellyofthegastrocnemiusmuscle,[主治]：腰背病，腿痛轉(zhuǎn)筋，。Backache,calfmusclespasm[刺灸法]：直刺0.7～1寸；可灸。Perpendicular0.7-1cun昆侖（BL60)[位置]：外踝與跟腱之間凹陷處。Inthedepressionbetweenthetendocalcaneusandthelateralmalleolus[主治]：腰背痛，腿軟無力，Backache,legandankledisease[刺灸法]：直刺0.7～1寸；可灸。Perpendicular0.7-1cun至陰(BL67)[位置]：在足小趾外側(cè)，距指甲角0.1寸許取穴。About0.1cunbehindthelateralcornerofthenailofthelittletoe[主治]：頭痛，鼻塞，鼻衄，胎位不正，難產(chǎn)。Headache,rhinitis,dystocia[刺灸法]：針0.2寸；可灸。

足少陰腎經(jīng)

KidneyMeridianoffootSaoyin(KI)走向：從足走胸Direction:fromfoottochest位置：下肢內(nèi)側(cè)后緣Location:posterioraspectofinnerofthelowerextremity屬性：陰經(jīng)Characteristic:Yin

足少陰腎經(jīng)

KidneyMeridianoffootSaoyin(KI)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬腎絡(luò)膀胱Connectionwithorgan：kidney

andbladder起止穴：涌泉—俞府ExtremityPoints:KI1----KI27交接關(guān)系：上接足太明膀胱經(jīng)，下交手厥陰心包經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:Bladder

meridianoffootTaiyang;PericardiumMeridianofhandJueyin

KidneyMeridianoffootSaoyin(KI)FunctionofAcupoints1、生殖泌尿系疾病：Applicationinthetreatmentofreproductive

and

urinary

system:retention

of

urine,

sterility,

asynodia.2、腎臟的疾?。篶ough,

edema,

diarrhea,

constipation,

insomnia,

tinnitus.

KidneyMeridianoffootSaoyin(KI)FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：下肢部疼痛.Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Painfuloflower

limber.4、其它Specialfunction橫骨幽門俞府陰谷交信水泉水泉涌泉足少陰腎經(jīng)循環(huán)示意圖涌泉(KI1)[位置]：踡足時，在足以前三分之一的凹陷中取穴。Atthejunctionbetweenanterior1/3andposterior2/3ofthesole,inthedepressionwhenthetoesareflexed[主治]：昏厥,頭頂痛，頭暈，眼花，Coma,headache,dizziness,hypertension,[刺灸法]：直刺0.5～0.8寸；可灸。Perpendicular0.5-0.8

太溪(KI)[位置]：在足內(nèi)踝與跟腱之間的凹陷中取穴。Inthedepressionbetweenthetipofmedialmalleolusandtendocalcaneus.[主治]：1、生殖、泌尿系統(tǒng)的疾?。涸陆?jīng)不調(diào),遺精，陽萎，Irregularmenstruation,emission,impotence2、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：腰脊痛，內(nèi)踝腫痛。Backache,anklestrain3、腎氣虛引起的各種疾?。侯^痛目眩，咽喉腫痛，齒痛，耳聾，耳鳴，咳嗽,氣喘，Headache,dizziness,toothache,deaf,tinnitus,cough,asthma,[刺灸法]：直刺0.5～0.8寸；可灸。手厥陰心包經(jīng)

PericardiumMeridianofHandJueyin(PC)走向：從胸走手Direction:fromchesttohand位置：手內(nèi)側(cè)中間Location:inthemiddleofinnerupperextremity屬性：陰經(jīng)Characteristic:Yin

手厥陰心包經(jīng)

PericardiumMeridianofHandJueyin(PC)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬心包絡(luò)三焦Connectionwithorgan：PericardiumandSaojiao起止穴：天池—中沖ExtremityPoints:PC1----PC8交接關(guān)系：上接足少陰腎經(jīng)，下交手少陽三焦經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:KidneymeridianofFootsaoyin;SanjiaoMeridianofHandshaoyang手厥陰心包經(jīng)

PericardiumMeridianofHandJueyin(PC)FunctionofAcupoints1、心及神志的疾?。篈pplicationinthetreatmentofHeartandmentaldisease.2、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：心胃部疾病，手臂攣急Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Heart,chestandgastricdisease.Painfuloflower

limber.4、其它Specialfunction

天泉天池曲澤郄門勞宮中沖手厥陰心包經(jīng)循環(huán)示意圖曲澤（PC3）[定位]肘橫紋中，肱二頭肌腱尺側(cè)Atthemidpointofthelinejoiningtheexternalendoftheelbowtransversecreaseandthelateralepicondyleofthehumerus,whentheelbowisflexed[主治]心痛，心悸，熱病，煩燥；

Anginapectoris,tachycardia,insomnia,neurosis,嘔吐，泄瀉；

vomit,diahhea手臂攣痛。

painandnumbernessofthehand[操作]直刺1-1.5寸，或點刺出血內(nèi)關(guān)（PC6）[定位]腕橫紋上2寸，掌長肌腱與橈側(cè)腕屈肌腱之間[主治]心痛、心悸、胸悶，熱病，癲癇Anginapectoris,tachycardia,胃痛，嘔吐,呃逆Gastralgia,vomit，hiccup癱瘓，失眠，眩暈，Paralysis,insomnia,vertigo,上肢痹痛painandnumbernessofthehand[刺法]直刺0.5-1.2寸手少陽三焦經(jīng)

SaojiaoMeridianofHandshaoyang(SJ)走向：從手走頭Direction:fromhandtohead位置：手外側(cè)中間Location:inthemiddleofouterupperextremity屬性：陽經(jīng)Characteristic:Yang

手少陽三焦經(jīng)

SaojiaoMeridianofHandshaoyang(SJ)

屬絡(luò)關(guān)系：屬三焦絡(luò)心包Connectionwithorgan：SanjiaoandPericardium起止穴：關(guān)沖—絲竹空ExtremityPoints:SJ1----SJ23交接關(guān)系：上接手厥陰心包經(jīng)，下交足少陽膽經(jīng)ConnectionwithMeridian:pericardiummeridianofhandsaoyin;GallbladderMeridianoffootshaoyang天井會宗沖關(guān)天髎絲竹空耳門翳風手少陽三焦經(jīng)循環(huán)示意圖

SaojiaoMeridianofHandshaoyang(SJ)FunctionofAcupoints1、與津液代謝相關(guān)的病變：熱病，ApplicationinthetreatmentofthedisorderofJINYE:Febriledisease.2、頭頸部位疾?。篈pplicationinthetreatmentof

the

disease

in

head

and

neck

regions:pain

of

head,

neck

and

back;

tinnitus,

epicophosis.

SaojiaoMeridianofHandshaoyang(SJ)FunctionofAcupoints

3、經(jīng)脈所過部位的病變：肩背部疼痛Applicationinthetreatmentofabnormalchangeinthemeridianarea:Painfulormuscularspasmofupper

l