山西省2022屆高三上學(xué)期期末預(yù)熱大聯(lián)考英語試題

山西省2022屆三上學(xué)期末預(yù)大考英語題學(xué)校_________

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學(xué)號(hào)__________一、閱理解1.2022BestNationalUniversityRankingsTheUSNewsBestCollegeRankingscanhelpprospectivestudentsandtheirfamiliescompareinstitutionsastheylookforthebestfit.Hereisabreakdownofwhatgoesintotheannualrankings.PrincetonUniversityTheivy-coveredcampusofPrincetonUniversity,aprivateinstitution,islocatedinthequiettownofPrinceton,NewJersey.Princetonwasthefirstuniversitytoa“noloan(貸款)”policytofinanciallyneedystudents,givingfinancialaidinsteadofloanstoacceptedstudentswhoneedhelppayingtuition.ColumbiaUniversityColumbiaUniversityhasthreeundergraduateschools:ColumbiaCollege,TheFuFoundationSchoolofEngineeringandAppliedSciences(SEAS),andtheSchoolofGeneralStudies.ThisIvy(春藤)League,privateschoolguaranteesstudentshousingforallfouryearsoncampusinManhat-tan’sMorningsideHeightsneighborhoodinNewYorkCity.HarvardUniversityHarvardUniversityisaprivateinstitutioninCambridge,Massachusetts,justoutsideofBoston.ThisIvyLeagueschoolistheoldesthighereducationinstitutioninthecountryandhasthelargestdonationofanyschoolintheworld.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyThoughtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologymaybebestknownforitsmath,scienceandengineeringeducation,thisprivateresearchuniversityalsooffersarchitecture,humanities,management

andsocialscienceprograms.TheschoolislocatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,justacrosstheCharlesRiverfromdowntownBoston.Tofurtherexploretherankingsanddata,pleaselogintheUSNewsCollegeCompass!Thefollowingpagesincludeeachschool’sperformanceacrossrankingindicatorsandthelateststatisticsusedinthecalculations.【小題1】Whichuniversityismostfavourabletothepoorerstudents?A．PrincetonUniversity.B．ColumbiaUniversity.C．HarvardUniversity.D．MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.【小題2】Whatdothefouruniversitieshaveincommonaccordingtothetext?A．TheyareIvyLeagueB．Theyguaranteestudents’schools.accommodation.C．TheyareprivateD．Theyofferfinancialaidtoinstitutions.students.【小題3】Wherecanwefindthetext?A．Inageographicalmagazine.B．Inatravelbrochure.C．Inaneducationbook.二、未

D．Onawebpage.2.ReneCompeanhadhikedtheparknearhishomeinSouthernCaliforniamanytimes.ButafterexploringanewpathlastApril,hewaslost.Withnoflashlight,onlyalittlewaterandlessthantenpercentbatteryremainingonhiscellphone,Compeanclimbedtoaspotwherehefoundatleastonebarofsignal.“SOS.Myphoneisgoingtodie.I’mlost,”hetextedafriend,attachingaphotoshowingwherehewas.Theshotshowedhisdirtylegshangingoveranumberofsteeprocks.AllCompeancoulddothenwastowaitandhope.SixtymilesawayinVentura,BenKuowasworkingathomewhenhereadatweetfromtheLosAngelesCountySheriff’sDepartment,showinganunclearimageofaman’slegs.Thesheriff’srescueteamshadspentthepreviousnightunsuccessfullylookingforCompean,sotheyreleasedthephototothepublic,hopingsomeonemightknowthelocation.

Whenhesawtheunclearpicture,hepulledupasatellitemaponhislaptop.ThefirstthinghenoticedinCompeanphotowaspatchesofgreenery.Aftercomparingittothesatellitemap,Kuorealizedsomething;He’sgottobeonthesouthsidebecausethere’snotreallyanygreenvalleysonthenorthside.Thatfindingtightenedhissearch,leadinghimtoanareathatresembledtheplaceintheimage.Thefinalstepwascross-referencing(相互參照)theoriginalphotowith3DimagesoftheareafromGoogleEarth.Thelocationsmatched!Hequicklycalledthesheriff'sdepartmentwiththelatitudeandlongitudesuppliedbyGoogleEarth.Soon,asearch-and-rescueteamhelicopterwasintheair,hoveringaboveCompean.Afterspending27hoursaloneinthewilderness,Compeancried,“I’msafe!”Sgt.JohnGilbertinthesheriff’sdepartmentthoughtCompean’sstoryprobablywouldhaveendedverydifferentlyhadatotalstrangerwithstrongsatelliteskillsandasharpeyefordetailnottakenaction.【小題1】WhydidReneCompeangetlost?A．Somethingwaswrongwithhislegs.B．Hedidn’thaveaflashlightandwater.C．Hewasnotfamiliarenoughwiththepath.D．Hisphonefailedtoworkwellinsignaling.【小題2】WhichofthefollowingbestdescribedReneCompeanafterhegotlost?A．Calm.B．Thrilled.C．Tired.D．Adventurous.【小題3】WhatmainlycontributedtoCompean’ssuccessfulrescue?A．GoogleEarth’ssupplyoflocation.B．TheSheriff’sDepartment’srescueeffort.C．Compean’spreviouskindnesstowardsD．Thestranger’skindnessandhissatelliteskills.【小題4】Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Compeanlikesexploringunfamiliarpaths.B．Thestrangerfoundtherightlocationwithouteffort.C．Technologyhasbecomeincreasinglysignificantinourlives.D．Hikingwithoutfullpreparationcansurelyleadtotrouble.

三、閱理解3.Astudy,withthegoalofreducingthebadenvironmentaleffectsofcattle,suggeststhatcattlecanbetrainedtoleavetheirwasteinspecialareas.Inthestudy,scientiststrained11youngcattletousethe“MooLoo—akindofbathroomforcattle.Theresearchersusedasweettreattogetthecowstopushthroughadoorandurinate(尿)asinstructed.“Thecowsareatleastasgoodaschildren,aged2to4years,atleastasquick,”saidLindsayMatthewsofNewZealand’sUniversity.Urinecontainsnitrogen(氮).Whenwithsolidwaste,itbecomesammonia(氨).Thechemicalcanplayapartinenvironmentalproblems.Itcanalsopol-lutewaterandcreatethepollutantnitrousoxide.Asinglecowcanproduceabout30litersofurineaday.In2019,asreported,nitrousoxidemadeup7%ofalltheUSgreenhousegases.ScientistBrianHarewasnotpartoftheresearchbutsaidhewasnotsurprisedbythefindings.“Iamnoonehasdemonstratedthatbefore,”Haresaid.Healsoaddedthatifitcouldbedonemoreoftenorinlargeramounts,traininganimalswouldmakeiteasiertodealwithwasteproductsandreducegreenhousegases.Atthelaboratory,theresearchersputthecattleinthespecialarea,waiteduntiltheyurinatedandthengavethematreat:asweetliquidofmolasses.IfthecowsurinatedoutsidetheMooLooafterthetraining,theygotashotofcoldwater.Twoissuesraisequestionsaboutthestudy.Researchersgavedrugstothecattletogetthemtourinatemorebecausetheyhadlimitedtime.AndresearchersonlytrainedcowstousetheMooLootourinate,nottoleavesolidwaste.Urineisabiggerproblem,atleastinEurope,buthepredictedtheresearcherscouldtraincowstoleavesolidwastetoo.Thebiggestenvironmentalproblemforcattle,though,isthegasmethane.Cowsreleasethegasthatcausesglobalwarming.Thecowscannotbetrainedtonotreleasesuchagas.Matthewssaid:“Theywouldblowup.”

【小題1】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph5referto?A．Thecowscanbetrainedtourinateinthebathroom.B．Youngcowsareascleveras2-or4-year-oldchildren.C．Theresultofthefindingwasprovedvainduetolimitedtime.D．Noresearcherwassurprisedatthefindingbefore.【小題2】Howarethecattletrainedtourinateinspecialareas?A．Bygivingdrugstothecattle.B．Byofferingasweettreatiftheydoasguided.C．Byshootingwithcoldwateratthem.D．Bymeasuringhowmuchurinetheyleaveeveryday.【小題3】Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Trainedcattleandcowscanlargelyreducetheglobalwarming.B．Thenextstageoftheresearchistotraincowsnottoreleasethegas.C．Themethodusedintheresearchcannotcompletelyreducethepollution.D．Cattlereleasethelargestamountofgascomparedtootherspecies.【小題4】Whatisthetextabout?A．MooLoo—Aspecialbathroomisdesignedforyoungcattle.B．Cowsaretobetrainedforscientificpurposesonalargerscale.C．Environmentalistscanmakefulluseofcows’solidwasteandurine.D．Trainingcattletourinatecontributestolessgreenhouseeffect.4.Complexsystemsarecharacterizedbyrandomnessanddisorderandaredifficulttounderstand.Thisyear’sNobelPrizerecognizesnewmethodsfordescribingthemandpredictingtheirlong-termbehaviour.TheNobelPrizeinPhysics2021wasawarded“forgroundbreakingcontributionstoourunder-standingofcomplexsystems”withonehalfjointlytoSyukuroManabeandKlausHasselmann“forthephysicalmodellingofEarth’sclimate,quantifying(量化variabilityandreliablypredictingglobalwarming”andtheotherhalftoGiorgioParisi“forthediscoveryoftheinterplayofdisorderandfluctuations(波動(dòng))inphysicalsystemsfromatomictoplanetaryscales”.

OnecomplexsystemofvitalimportancetohumankindisEarth’sclimate.SyukuroManabedem-onstratedhowincreasedlevelsofCOin2theatmosphereleadtoincreasedtemperaturesatthesurfaceoftheEarth.Hisworklaidthefoundationforthedevelopmentofcurrentclimatemodels.Abouttenyearslater,KlausHasselmanncreatedamodelthatlinkstogetherweatherandcli-mate,thusansweringthequestionofwhyclimatemodelscanbereliabledespiteweatherbeingchangeableandchaotic.Healsodevelopedmethodsforidentifyingspecificsignals,fingerprints,thatbothnaturalphenomenaandhumanactivitiesimprintintheclimate.HismethodshavebeenusedtoprovethattheincreasedtemperatureintheatmosphereisduetohumanemissionsofCO

2.Around1980,GiorgioParisidiscoveredhiddenpatternsindisorderedcomplexmaterials,whosediscoveriesareamongthemostimportantcontributionstothetheoryofcomplexsystems.Theymakeitpossibletounderstandanddescribemanydifferentandapparentlyentirelyrandommaterialsandphe-nomena,notonlyinphysicsbutalsoinotherverydifferentareas,suchasmathematics,biology,neuroscienceandmachinelearning.“Thediscoveriesrecognizedthisyeardemonstratethatourknowledgeabouttheclimaterestsonasolidscientificfoundation,basedonathoroughanalysisofobservations.Thisyear’slaureateshaveallcontributedtousgainingdeeperinsightintothepropertiesandevolutionofcomplexphysical”saysThorsHansHansson,chairoftheNobelCommitteeforPhysics.【小題1】Whatcanbeinferredaboutthethreescientists?A．Theyeachreceivedequalprize.B．TheyjointlysharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysics2021.C．TheyestablishedaphysicalmodellingofEarth’sclimate.D．Theyfoundcomplexsystemsaredifficulttounderstand.【小題2】Whyarethethreescientists’contributionsimportanttohumankind?A．Theymadegreatcontributionstoourunderstandingofcomplexsystems.B．Theylaidthefoundationforthedevelopmentofcurrentclimatemodels.C．Theyansweredthequestionofwhyclimatemodelsarereliable.D．Theythrewlightonrandommaterialsandphenomenainphysics.

【小題3】Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)aureates”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Competitors.BC．PrizeD．Activeparticipants.【小題4】Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheGreatestThreePhysiciansin2021B．ComplexSystemsAreEasytoUnderstandSince2021C．SurpriseandCuriosityAretheSeedsofScienceD．ThreeScientistsWonNobelPrizeinPhysics2021四、七五5.TipstoreviseeffectivelyusingimportantquestionanswersExamsareatoughtimeforstudents.Atthelastmoment,studentsneedtorevisetheimportanttopicstoscorewellinexams.Buttheyfinditdifficulttoreviseallconceptsduetoalackoftime.小題1】Studentscanreviseallimportanttopicsandtheentiresyllabusfortheirexamsfromtheimpor-tantquestionanswersgivenonline.Herearesometipsforrevision:Thefirststepistosearchforarelevantandauthenticsitefordownloadingimportantquestionanswers.小題2】Onlyfindingimportantquestionanswersonlineisnottherightwaytoscoreeffectivelyinexams.Afterfindingareliablesite,studentscandownloadtheimportantquestionanswersontheircom-puters.TheycansavethePDFfileontheircomputerssothattheydonothavetogetonlineforrevi-singimportantquestionanswersinthefuture.小題3】Duringthefirstrevision,studentsshouldmarkallimportantquestions.【小題4】Thiswillfurtherhelpthemtoreviseallimportantconceptsquickly.【小題5】TheycanalsodownloadthequestionanswersinasequencesothattheycaneasilyfindimportantquestionanswersforaparticularchapterortopicduringrevisionImportantquestionanswerscanhelpstudentstogetreadyfortheirfinalexams.Revisingallcon-ceptsjustbeforetheexamswill

helpinboostinguptheconfidenceofthestudentsandtheycanper-formbetterintheirexams.A．Studentscangetaclearunderstandingoftheimportanttopicsfortheexam.B．Studentscanfindimportantquestionanswersforallchaptersinasequence.C．Thiswaytheycanhaveaccesstotheimportantquestionsandanswersanytime.D．Theyshouldunderlinetheimportanttopicsandquestionsrelatedtothetopics.E．Thebestwaytoreviseeffectivelyisfromimportantquestionanswersgivenonline.F．Whenstudentscanreviseallimportantconceptsjustbeforetheexamstheycanfeelconfident.G．Studentsshouldsearchforapopularsitebyreadingthereviewsofthestudents,teachers,andparents.五、未6.WhenOmarMohamedwasaboylivingintheDadaabrefugee(難).campinKenya,helovedpicturebooks.Buthisschoolonlyhadaboutthreeorfour;theteachers________themoutforthechil-drento________justafewtimesayear.“Whenthathappened,itwasaspecial________,”saysMohamed,31.“Youreadandyourereadthatbook.Thenyoureachapointwhereyoucanbecomemore________withit.”Nowhe’sthestarofhisown________book,thegraphicmemoir(回憶錄)WhenStarsAreScat-tered.________tomiddleschoolers,thebook________Mohamed’slifeattherefugeecampsupto2009,whenheandhis________,Hassan,resettledtotheUS.TheboysfirstarrivedtoDadaabintheearly90safterthestartofSomalia’scivilwar.Mohamedwas4andHassanwas2whentheirvillagewasattacked.Inthe________,MohamedandHassanwere________fromtheirthreesistersandtheirmom.________,theirfatherhadbeenkilledbygunmen.Agroupofneighborstookthemalongasthey________safetyinKenya.Atthe________,anelderlyneighbornamedFatumalookedaftertheboys________amom.AsMohamedgrewolder,hehelpedtakecareofHassan,whohasepilepsy(癲癇癥)andisnon-verbal.Hemademany

effortsto________withtheirmom.Andhehadtomake________choicesaboutwhethertogotoschool—andmovewithHassantoanewcountry.Today,Mohamed,livesinLancaster,Pennsylvania,withhiswife,fivechildrenandHassan.Hehelps________refugeesintheUSforthegroupChurchWorldServiceandisthe________ofRefugeeStrong,anon-profit________thatprovidesavarietyof________resourcesforrefugeechildrentoimprovetheirstudyinKenya.【小題1】A．foundB．threwC．broughtD．bought【小題2】A．readBC．speakD．write【小題3】A．souvenirB．festivalC．giftD．occasion【小題4】A．popularB．linkedC．familiarD．pleased【小題5】A．fictionB．comedyC．pictureD．reference【小題6】A．PresentedB．TargetedC．OfferedD【小題7】A．leadsB．recoversC．coversD．develops【小題8】A．nephewB．cousinC．brotherD．neighbor【小題9】A．chaosB．wayC．noisesD．distance【小題10】A．dividedB．includedC．connectedD．separated【小題11】A．NeverthelessB．MoreoverC．ThereforeD．Instead【小題12】A．fledtoB．escapedfromC．worriedaboutD．focusedon【小題13】A．schoolB．workplaceC．battlefieldD．camp【小題14】A．a(chǎn)sB．likeC．withD．beside【小題15】A．talkB．playC．reuniteD．communicate【小題16】

A．hardB．easyC．casualD．complex【小題17】A．restoreB．rejectC．resultD．resettle【小題18】A．professorB．founderC．speakerD．lecturer【小題19】A．organizationB．corporationC．enterpriseD．government【小題20】A．environmentalB．naturalC．a(chǎn)rtificialD．educational7.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinerpeopleloveflour-madefood,whetheritisnoodler,dumpling,onflatbread.Inthehandsofskilledcraftsman(藝人),flourmadeintolovelymodelsinpeopleoranimalsbrings小題1】uniquekindatpleasure.Theartformisculleddoughfigurine(塑).In2008,it【小題2】(include)inthelistofnationalintangibleculturalheritage.DonghFigatinelangisakindoffolkart.ItwascreatedbyLungSharon.【小題3】learneditfromZhaoKuoming.knownasthe“kingofdoughfigurines