英國文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)資料(三年級專業(yè)生期末考試必備)68623

千里之行，始于足下。第2頁/共2頁精品文檔推薦英國文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)資料(三年級專業(yè)生期末考試必備)68623英國文學(xué)史資料BritishWritersandWorks

I.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges

貝奧武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons

Epic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.

e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey

Artisticfeatures:

1.Usingalliteration

Definitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsina

sentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（頭韻）

SomeexamplesonP5

2.Usingmetaphorandunderstatement（輕描淡寫）

Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolled

way.UnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheir

ideas

GeofferyChaucer杰弗里?喬叟1340(?)~1400

(首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”，英國文學(xué)史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰·德萊頓（JohnDryden）稱其為“英國詩歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.

Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(綜合的，廣泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)

A.GeoffreyChaucer

B.MatinLuther

C.WilliamLangland

D.JohnGower

writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.

①坎特伯雷故事集：

firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(雙韻體)bymiddleEnglish

②特羅伊拉斯和克萊希德

③聲譽(yù)之宮

MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(傳說故事)

Famousthree：KingArthur

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight

Beowulf

IITheRenaissancePeriod

Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstream

oftheEnglishRenaissance.

Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.

ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:

1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology

2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion

3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture

Themostfamousdramatists:

ChristopherMarlowe

WilliamShakespeare

BenJohnson.

1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙?斯賓塞1552~1599

（后人稱之為“詩人的詩人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey

12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)

A.Spenser’sidealism

B.hisstruggleforcriteria

C.hisloveofbeauty

D.hisexquisitemelody

①仙后(forQueenElizabeth)

Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.

Artisticfeatures:

1.UsingSpenserianStanza

DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.

Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambic

hexameter.

②牧人日歷

ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.

③愛情小唱

2.ThomasMore托馬斯?莫爾1478~1535

OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists

①烏托邦

3.FrancisBacon弗蘭西斯?培根1561~1626

（哲學(xué)家、散文家；在論述探索知識的著作中提出了知識算是力量這一聞名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學(xué)的奠基人和近代實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的先驅(qū)。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.

Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.

①學(xué)術(shù)的推進(jìn)

②隨筆(famousquotas:)

ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentways

adoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.

4.BenJonson

①

②狐貍

5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗?馬洛1564~1595

“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了無韻體詩。）

Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.

14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)

A.thePetrarchansonnet

B.sestina

C.terzarima

D.blankverse

①浮士德博士的悲劇（依照德國

民間故事書寫成）

②帖木耳大帝

③馬耳他的猶太人

6.WilliamShakespeare威廉?莎士比亞1564~1616

①Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；Richard

II；HenryVIII

②FourComedies:皆大歡喜;第十二夜;

仲夏夜之夢;威尼斯商人

③FourTragedies:哈姆萊特;奧賽羅;李

爾王;麥克白

④ShakespeareSonnet:154

Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg

Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyin

iambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.IIIThe17thCentury

1.JohnMilton約翰?彌爾頓1608~1674

（詩人、政論家;失明后寫《失樂園》、《復(fù)樂園》、《力士參孫》。）

①Epics:失樂園

復(fù)樂園

②Dramaticpoem:力士參孫

③論出版自由

為英國人民聲辯

④我的失明

Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,

typicalofItaliansonnet.

ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbest

shocanendurethesufferingbest.

2.JohnBunyan約翰?班揚(yáng)1628~1688

（代表作《天路歷程》，宗教寓言，被譽(yù)為“具有永恒意義的百科全書”，是英國文學(xué)史上里程碑式著作。與但丁的《神曲》、奧古斯丁的《懺悔錄》并列為世界三大宗教題材文學(xué)杰作。）

Puritanpoet(清教徒派詩人)

①ReligionaryAllegory:天路歷程

3.JohnDonne

theMetaphysicalpoet(玄學(xué)派詩人).

MetaphysicalPoetry(玄學(xué)詩)：（用語）thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,

withgod,orwithhimself.（主題：love,religious,thought）

Artisticfeatures:

1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻

2.syllogism三段論

①M(fèi)editations沉思錄

TheFlea虱子

②SongsAndSonnets

HolySonnets

③Valediction:

IVThe18thCentury：EnlighteXXXent并且為美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭與法國大XXX提供了框架，同時導(dǎo)致了資本主義和XXX的興起，與音樂史上的巴洛克階段以及藝術(shù)史上的新古典主義階段是同一階段。

Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy

TheAgeofEnlighteXXXent/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)

小講崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小講)

Gothicnovel(哥特式小講)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)

1.AlexanderPope亞歷山大?蒲柏1688~1744

（18世紀(jì)英國最偉大的詩人，其詩多用“英雄雙韻體”/“heroiccouplets”。

詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。）

AsarepresentativeoftheEnlighteXXXent，PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland

Eg.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlighteXXXent,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?(C)

A.JohnBunyan

B.DanielDefoe

C.AlexanderPope

D.JonathanSwift

①批判論

Artisticfeatures:

1.Using“heroiccouplets”

②卷發(fā)遇劫記

③道德論

人論

愚人記

2.SamuelJohnson塞繆爾?約翰遜1709~1784

①Dictionary=英語大詞典

3.JonathanSwift喬納森?斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世紀(jì)杰出的政論家和諷刺小講家amastersatirist。）

①格列佛游記(fictionalwork)

Fourparts:

Lilliput小人國Brobdingnag大人國

FlyingIsland飛島HouyhnhXXX馬島

一具小小的建議

②書戰(zhàn)

③木桶的故事

④一具麻布商的書信

4.DanielDefoe丹尼爾?笛福1660~1731

（小講家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀(jì)英國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小講的奠基人。）

Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.

①魯賓遜漂流記

ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.

Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.

Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor

24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.

②

③

④

5.HenryFielding亨利?菲爾丁1707~1754

（英國小講家，戲劇家，被譽(yù)為“英國小講之父”。）

Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文體史詩),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.

①novels:

棄嬰湯姆?瓊斯

約瑟夫?安德魯

大詩人江奈生?威爾德

愛米利亞

②plays:

一七三六年歷史記事

堂吉柯德在英國

6.OliverGoldsmith奧利弗?格爾德斯密斯1730~1774

①poems:

旅游人

荒村

②novel:

威克菲爾德牧師傳

7.RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德?布林斯利?施萊登1751~1816

①情敵

②造謠學(xué)校

8.WilliamBlake威廉?布萊克1757~1827

①天真之歌

Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.

②經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌

Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwitha

melancholytonefrommeneyes.

Include:

Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity

Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence

③天堂與地獄的婚姻

9.RobertBurns羅伯特?彭斯1759~1796

ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.

PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect要緊用蘇格蘭方言寫的詩

①約翰?安德生，我的愛人

②一朵紅紅的玫瑰

③往昔時光

④別管那一套

⑤我的心在那高原上

⑥

⑦

VTheRomanticPeriod

Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.

Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人

應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立自由的個體)

Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achange

fromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldof

thehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,

imagination,nature,commonplace.

TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).

“TheLakePoets”湖畔詩人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.

WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey

1.WilliamWordsworth威廉?華茲華斯1770~1850

（與柯爾律治、騷塞同被稱為“湖畔派”詩人。TheLakePoets）

①抒情歌謠集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)

②

Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiverse

circumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthand

knowledgefullofpeace”

2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmind

whileheisinsolitude.

Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautiful

sights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,the

readerispresentedavividpictureoflivelyand

lovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophical

ideasandmysticalthoughts.

③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey

④TheSolitaryReaper孤獨(dú)的割麥女

②序曲

2.SamuelTaylorColeridge塞繆爾?泰勒?科爾律治1772~1834

TheLakePoets

①古舟子頌

②柯里斯塔貝爾

③忽必烈汗

Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,

astrangeterritory

④半夜冰霜

⑤憂郁頌

⑥抒情歌謠集(withWilliamWordsworth)

3.GeorgeGordonByron喬治?戈登?拜倫1788~1824

（拜倫式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了抵抗精神。心里充滿了孤獨(dú)與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德·哈羅德是拜倫詩歌中第一具“拜倫式英雄”。）

“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.

①唐?璜

恰爾德?哈羅德爾游記

該隱

②當(dāng)初我們倆分不

4.PersyByssheShelley波西?比希?雪萊1792~1822

①PoeticDrama：解放了的普羅米修斯

Theme:thedramacelebraiesman’svictoryovertyrannyand

oppression

②麥布女王

伊斯蘭的反叛

欽契一家

詩辯

無神論的必要性

③Lyrics:

西風(fēng)頌

Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundless

freedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindto

destroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefrom

thetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseads

shichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemabout

renewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,

implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)buta

cycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.

Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswrittenin

iambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,each

withaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdc

dedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisan

invocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.

Artisticfeatures:

Usingrerzarima(三行詩ababcbcdcdedefe…)

致云雀

5.JohnKeats約翰?