粉煤灰高性能混凝土的工程應(yīng)用中英文對照

Projectapplicationofthehigh-performanceconcreteofflyashThesummaryEveryperformanceofthistexttohigh-performanceconcreteofflyashhasdonedetailedresearch,andtotheconcreterespectivelytopersonwhomixofflyashKindsofinfluenceofperformanceandflyashconcretesomequestionsthatshouldnoticecarryonanalysisanddiscussioninnotconstructing.1.SummaryFlyash,asakindofindustrialwastematerial,resourcesareabundant,cheap,andcontainalargeamountofactivecomposition,itismodernconcreteCentralAfricaAoftenimportantcomponentpart.Thehigh-qualityflyashisappliedtotheconcreterationally,notonlycanreplacethecementpartly,savethefabricationcostoftheproject,And,itspeculiarperformancecanbeusedintheconcreteofvariouskindsofinstructionsforuseveryeffectively,improvetheperformanceoftheconcrete,Itistheidealinthehigh-performanceconcretethatadmixesthematerial.Amongitisatconcretenotmodern,whosenameisalreadywithcementinflyash,collectmaterial,water,admixtureandKindisimportant,becomeacomponentpartinconcrete.Flyashhigh-performanceconcreteregarddurabilityasmaingoalgoondesignmixCongealthesoil.Itregardsexcellentdurability(insteadofthehighstrength)asthemaincharacteristic,thatistosay,concretecapitalofanygradeofintensityCanmakeintothehighdurabilityconcrete.Inordertoreachhighdurability,theperformancethattheflyashconcreteshouldpossessis:MixingthestatenewlywellWork,namely,withoutemanating,secretingbywater,sothatshapingtheeven,closelyknitbymobility,hardennotshrinkingsubsidingearlywaterandWatershrinklight,warmtoriselow,hardencourseisitdwindletodo,inordertoreachhavingtheinitialcrack,thepermeabilityafterhardenningislow.2．"function"and"effect"oftheflyashareflyashmaterialtechnologyandapplicationfoundationoftheproject.MixandaddthepowderoftheconcreteCoalash,inconformitywithunderstandingthatthefunctionoftheflyashismadeoverallly,by"volcanicashreact"and"economiccomponentpart"generaltoflyashoriginallyRead,expandtechnologicalconsciousnessof"flyasheffect"to,makeflyashfunctioncanserveperformanceofconcreteimprovewithqualityraisingbetter.Theroleinconcreteofflyashhasthefollowingseveralpoints:(1).Shapeeffect:Itisspongyvitreousbody,littlepearlofsilicateglassofaluminiumthatthemainmineraloftheflyashmakesup,smooththebodysurfaceofthesesphericalglass,thegrainsizeisthin,thequalityispre-pressing,insidesmallerthanthesurfacearea,thestrengthofabsorbingtowaterissmall,thislineofphysicalcharacteristics,reduceconcreterubobstructioninside,favorabletoimprovement,concreteofmobilitynotmerely;And,have"reducingwater"functioninvariousdegreeontheconcrete;(2).Activeeffect:TheactivecompositionSiO2oftheflyashandwaterresultofAI2O3andcementreactinasituationthatthereiswater,producingwatersilicicacidcalcium(C-S-H)andwatersourcalcium(C-A-S-H)ofsulphuraluminium,theseresponsesnearlyallgooninthegrouthole,waterthatproduceresultpack,cutaparttheheavyoriginalhole,maketheholethinning,canreducetheholeratewithintheconcrete,changetheholestructure,improveglueingthefunctionofformingofconcreteeverycomponentpart;(3).Collectthematerialeffectalittle:Verysmallparticleofflyasheventoisitamongcementparticle,packtheholetodistribute,playaroleingettingto"thinninghole",meanwhile,preventglueinggatheringeachotherofthecementparticle,andmakeitinstateofdispersing,helpwaterofthemixturetoreact,theflyashwillnotbetotallywithreactingwithwaterresultofthecement,cankeepits"collectingthematerialeffectalittle"foralongtime;(4).Effectoftheinterface:Itistheweaklinkintheconcretestructuretocollecttheinterfacebetweenthematerialandcementstone,widthoftransitionareaaswaterfordustthan,collecttherearen’tmaterial,transitionareahavethangroutbodymore,heavyhole.Mixingcanreducetheregionalwidthofthetransitiontoaddtheflyash,interfereCa(OH)orientationof2crystalinthetransitionarea,improvetheintensityofinterfaceanddensityintheconcrete.(5)PerformanceoftheflyashconcreteThechangeoftheflyashtoconcreteperformancecanbedividedintothreestages:1.Mixconcretestagenewly:Influencethecoagulationtimeoftheconcrete,isimprovingandeasy,changerheologynature,canimprovepump,etc.;(6).TThecooncrettestaagewhhilehhardennning::Reguulatetheccourseeofhhardennning,,reduucethheheaatofhydraation;;3.Thecconcreetesttageaafterhardeenningg:Raiisethheinttensittyonlaterrstagge,rraiseeveryyduraabilitty,suuchassantii-permmeabillity,resissttheesulpphatecorrooding,,supppresstheaalkalii-Coollecttthematerrialaandreeacteetc..3.1InttensittyTheeflyashhhasthhreekkindsofinnfluennceonntheintennsityofcooncrette:Reeducewaterrconssumptiion,increeaseggluedmaterrialccontenntanddrefllecttthrougghtheelongg-termmvolccanicashtthatrraisesshisintennsity..Thepartiicleiintheeflyashooflowwcalcciumiistheesiliiconooxygenntetrrahedrronsttructuure,oone’sownnactiivatioonisverylow.Inthhefinnalreesultofthhecemment,highalkallinewwatersiliccicaccidcaalciummandcrysttallizzationnof22collloidoofCa(OH))areverylowiininttensitty,esspeciaallyCCa(OHH)2aaskviigorouustocome1-2%,stooneoffinteensityyonlyy,buttCa((OH)22voluumeacccounttforwholeecemeent255%,sstoneofvoolume..Alaargennumberrofssilicoon,aaluminniumooxidethatcontaaininntheflyaash,ccananndhigghalkkalineewateersillicicacidcalciium2respoonsestakeplaceewithhCa((OH)2proogresssivelyy,prooduceintennsitythanhighlowaalkaliinewaaterssiliciicaciidcallcium,so,makkecemmentsstonewaterrglueeconggealqquantiityoffmateerialincreease,andmmakeiitsquualityyimprrovedbyalargeemarggin,isfaavorabbletootheimproovemenntoftheiintenssityoofconncretee.Meaanwhille,tooisiitcanndisppersecemenntparrticleetommixfllyashh,makkecemmentttobeinkssufficcient,,imprrovecclosellykniitdeggreeooftheegrouut,mmakettheinntensiityofftheinterrfacessofttheagggregaateanndgrooutinntheconcrreteiimprovve.Fllyashhisiitdraawinttensittycommparewithcontrributiionoffthebendiingsttrengtthcommpresssionsstrenggthtoobehheavytocoonfronntwittheacchothher,tthisiisuseefulttoressistinngtheeperfformannceoffspliittinggofcconcreete.TTheellasticcmoulldamoountooftheeflyashcconcreeteisssimiilarttocommpresssionsstrenggth,iitisearlyyandonthhelowwsidee,impproveprogrressivvelyllaterstagee,geet28ddtheconsttantbbasicconcrreteiisraiisedbby5-110%.WWithttoholldstrrengthhofwwrappiinguppinrreinfoorcinggbar,,28d,flyyashofcooncretteisitfoorminntensiitythhesammewitth,ettc.baasiccconcreeteoffgraddebassicalllytoglue,,buthomoggeneitty,fllyashhofcconcreetefiine,iisitformintennsitypersoonwhootesttgetttingddisperrsedaandkiindthhanbaasiccconcreetetoogluee.Wattertwwotimmesofftheflyaashreeactsandggeneraallysstartssafteertheeconccretebuildds14dd,wheentemmperattureiisloww,wiillreeflecttneceessaryytimeeisllongerr.Ifstricctwitthearrlyinntensiityofftheconcrrete,themmixinggamouuntofftheflyaashissunsuuitablletoexceeed30%%,winntercconstrructioonlarrgevoolumeatthheconncretee,theemixiingammountofthheflyyashisunnsuitaablettoexcceed220%noon-.BBecaussemodderncconcreeteChhinaaandfooreignncounntriessadduseoofphaarmaceeuticaal,onnonehand,,reduucibleeconccretemixaandsttirwaatercconsummptionn,itreduccebydustwaterrthann,ofnnotlaastinggconccretedensiityoffcemeent;OOntheeotheerhannd,waater-rreduciingaggentccanmaakeceementsiliccicaccidcaalciumminkCa(OOH)pproducced2increease,helpflyaashanndwattertwwotimmesoff2offCa((OH)toreeflectt,exxcitesstheactivvationnoftthefllyashh,thiisefffectuaalforrearllyinttensittytoimproovefllyashh,inaddittionuusefllyashhactiivatioonexcciteppharmaaceutiicaloorinlargeevoluumeussestrrongccementtearllyamoongthheconncreteenon--,canncomppensattemixxingttheimmpactoneaarlyiintenssityoofconncreteeoffflyasshtooo.3.22andeasyWhethherfllyashhtherreareethefolloowingseverralpoointstocooncretteanddgetttingeeasyiimprovvementtfuncction..⑴.Thehigh--qualiityfllyashhconttainsmorethan70%ooftheespheericallvitrreousbodiees,tooosmooothttohavveraiisedaanglethebbodyssurfacceoftheseespheericallglasss,peerformmanceisstteady,,playyakiindofflubrricateedfunnctionnwhicchissimillartoothebeariinginnthepumpsendiing,shakiingthhecouurseoofsmaashinggoftthecooncrette;⑵.Mixpartiicleaapttoogathhergrroupccementtintthecooncrettenewwly,ttoisitcaandissperseecemeentpaarticlleefffectivvelyttomixxflyash,releaasemoorethhicklliquiddbodyyisiitlubbricatteagggregattetocome,hellpconncreteeworkktheimproovemenntofperfoormancce;⑶⑶.Mixflyaashcaancommpensaatedeetaileeddefficienncyoffbitssintthedeetaileedagggregatte,ccutofffmorrtarbbasebbodyssecretteconntinuiity,waterrofcchanneel,thheflyyashthatatthhesammetimmequaalityisgooodcaanredducetthemiixingwaterrconssumptiionofftheconcrreteuunderthessamecconsisstencyy,makkewatterduustoffconccretethanreducceligghtleeveltto,iisitsecreeteinnkanddemannatetthephhenomeenonttoredduce.3.3sshrinkkingTTheshhrinkofthheconncreteerelaatesttotheefacttthattthemixinngwattercoonsumpptionandtthickliquiidboddyboddyofthecconcreetearreacccumulaated,thellesswwaterconsuumptioonis,,shriinkthhesmaaller..Highh-quallityfflyasshwatterreequireementthansmalllerthhan1000%,mixaandsttirreeductiion,waterrofqquantiitymaakemiixflyyashconcrreteaafterthe228dsiinceddrytooshriinkanndnottdrytoshhrinklittlle.Fllyashhconccreteisittisiitmixxwithhflyashiimprovvementtofqquantiityreeducetoottoconntractttoddo.Buutbeccausewaterr,fllyashhofcconcreetereeponseeslowwly,mmoistuureevvaporaatefaast,ssobettweenflyaashanndtodoeppitomeetobbelouudanddveryymuchhheavvyinearlyydayssconccrete..Forpreveenteaarlysshrinkk,fllyashhofcconcreetefrromfrracturre,sshoulddstreengtheeninearlyydayssraissingttoit3.4ccreepssIssuueintheppastwwilliitbeageoonedaay,inntensiityoffconccreterelattivelyylow,,issuueisitittmeettsanemerggencytobeeheavvythaanorddinaryyconccretetoottocreeepcoorresppondinngagee,buttwithhordiinaryconcrretefflyasshinoneaageonnecreeepanndwasssmalllertthanttheorrdinarryconncreteeafteerthiisconncreteeofiintenssity.3.5carrbonizzationnperfformannceFllyashhconccreteresisstcarrbonizzationntobbeperrformaancerrelatiivelypoor..Cemeentcoonsumpption,flyyashofcooncretteredduce,cemenntwatterCaa(OH)2ttoocoorresppondinngtoreduccequaantityythattappeear,aandvoolcaniicashhisiitconnsumeCa(OOH)22ofaacerttainaamountttootoreeact,makehydroogeniioninndexooftheeconccretereducce,wiillinncreassetheespeeedofcarboonizattionooftheeconccrete..Unleessesspeciaallyaatwatterinnearllydayys,fllyashhthelowiindeggreeiinressponseeinvvolcannicassh,flyyash--therreisthellooseinsttructuureinnholeeinssystemmcemeent,CCO2,O2,moistture,,etc.invaddeobsstructtionssmall,,soccarbonnizatiionissrelaativellylarrgeinndeptth.Wiiththhegroowthoofoneeandgraduualfuullpllayofftheflyaashvoolcaniicashheffeectoffage,,thespeeddofccarbonnizatiionwiillbeereduucedggraduaally.Carboonizattion,,flyashoofconncreteeaswwaterforddustiindeppththhananndflyyashlastincreeaseoofquaantityyandnotiincreaasedttosommeexttent.Than0.5-00.55iinwatterduust,fflyasshperrsonwwhomiixgreeaterthan30%aandunndertthegeenerallconsstructtionssituattionoofcommpetennce,tthedeepthoofcarrbonizzationnoftthecooncrettecannreacchaboout200mminn15-117.Caarboniizatioonreaactsaandgooesonnwithhinthheranngeoffcerttainrrelatiivehuumidittyfasstest,,otheerwisee,theerespponseisreelativvelysslow.Underroriiscloosetoo100%%25%inthherellativeehumiidity,,nameelythheocccasionninttheabbundanntdryynessorwaaterssaturaationofcooncrette,haavemoorediifficuulttooprodduceccarbonnizatiionshhrinkconcrretes..Inssuchcconcreeteprrojecttsnottconttacteddwithhtheatmossphereeastthefooundattionwworks,etc..,beccauseofissolatiingwiithCOO2,caantakkeplaacecaarboniizatioonreaact,socaanmixxandaddtthefllyashhmoree,innordeertofullyyreduucethheheaatofhydraationofthheconncretee,impprovetheddurabiilityofthheconncretee.Itisulltrattobeadopttlawquanttityrreplacce,watterglluenootlowwerthhan,miixcarrryonnmatcchrattiodeesignwaterr-reduucingagenttforadmixxtureofmaainfaactattthesametime,,canmakeflyaashcooncretteressistccarbonnizatiionpeerformmanceimproovetoosomeeexteent.3.6reiinforccingbbarcoorrosiionReeinforrcingbaroofconncreteecanitanntirusststoobebbecausseconncreteegetttingaalkaliinetooformmonepre-ppressiingpaassivaationmembrraneiinmettalsuurfacee.Isitadddflyyashtomiixamoongcooncrette,onnonehanditcoonsumeeCa((OH)2,reeducetheaalkaliienviironmeentofftheconcrrete;Onthheothherhaand,fflyassh2rresponnsestturniintotthehyyratewithCa(OOH),rraisecloseelyknnitdeegreeofthheconncretee,inccreaseetheimperrmeabiilityofthheconncreteeandobstrructioonsprreadttotheechloorineion,hindeeranddprevventttheinnvasioonofCO2,cansshielddthereinfforcinngbarr,sooflyashiismixxed,iinpreeventiingthhereiinforccingbbarcoorrosiion,ccanofffsetbecauuseallkalidegreeeredduceaadversseefffecttthatbbring..Theflyaashissonccertaiinrannge(FFA≤24%)ofmixinngamoount,havenotiinflueencedtherreinfoorcinggbarcorroosionbasiccally,,evennsupeeriortothheblaankcooncrette.Buutifthemmixinggamouuntofftheflyaashissgreaatertthan330%,tthecaarboniizatioonofthecconcreetecaanmakkehyddrogennionindexxoftthecooncrettedrooppedtoabbout88.5frrom122.5,underrsollowahydroogeniioninndexccondittion,therreinfoorcinggbarisnoolonggerpaassivaated.Reachhreinnforciingbaarpossitionnbyddepthascaarboniizatioon,coomplettecarrbonizzationn,onntermmsthaatwatteranndoxyygenaarepeermeattedanntiabrrasionnlayeer,reeinforrcingbarccantaakepllacebbutcoorrosiionleeadtoothefactfracttureooftheeconccreteevendestrroy.3.7heaatofhydraationThefflyasshisveryobviooustooreduucingtheffunctiionofftheconcrretehheatoofhyddratioon.Loowcallciumflyaashwaateriintheefirsstsevveraldaysobvioousdeegreehave,,heattofhhydrattionpproduccedonnlyanndhallfofcemennt.Reeplacee20%ofthhecemmentwwithfflyasshinthecconcreete,canmmakettheheeatoffhydrrationnofcconcreete7dddroppby111%.1-28ddinttheisssue,roughhlyfoormixxperccentaggeofflyaash,SShengWenaandpeercenttagetthathheatoofhyddratioonredduceaage.FFlyasshisitcaanmakkeheaatofhydraationtimethatpeakappeaarisitapppearto3ddtoddelaygenerrallytomiixamoonglaargevvolumeeconccrete,,canpreveentthheconncreteefrommprodducinggthetempeeraturrecraackefffectiively.粉煤灰高性能混混凝土的工程程應(yīng)用［摘要］本文對粉煤煤灰高性能混混凝土的各項項性能作了詳詳細的研究，并并針對粉煤灰灰的摻入量對對混凝土各種性能的影影響以及粉煤煤灰混凝土在在施工中應(yīng)注注意的一些問問題進行了分分析和探討。1．概述粉煤灰作為為一種工業(yè)廢廢料，資源豐豐富、價格低低廉，且含有有大量的活性性成分，是現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代混凝土中中非常重要的的一個組分。優(yōu)優(yōu)質(zhì)粉煤灰合合理地應(yīng)用于于混凝土中，不不但能部分代代替水泥，節(jié)節(jié)省工程造價價，而且，其其特有的性能能可以很有效效地用于各種種使用要求的的混凝土中，改改善和提高混混凝土的性能能，是高性能能混凝土中的的理想摻和料料。在現(xiàn)代混混凝土中，粉粉煤灰已經(jīng)與與水泥、集料料、水、外加加劑同樣重要要，成為混凝凝土中的一個個組分。粉煤煤灰高性能混混凝土是以耐耐久性為主要要目標進行設(shè)設(shè)計的混凝土土。它以優(yōu)異異的耐久性（而而不是高強度度）為主要特特征，也就是是說，任何強強度等級的混混凝土都可以以做成高耐久久性混凝土。為為達到高耐久久性，粉煤灰灰混凝土應(yīng)具具備的性能是是：在新拌狀狀態(tài)有良的工工作性，即高高流動性而不不離析、不泌泌水，以使成成型均勻、密密實，水化硬硬化早期的沉沉降收縮和水水化收縮小，溫溫升低，硬化化過程干縮小小，以達到無無初始裂縫，硬硬化后的滲透透性低。2．對“粉煤灰效應(yīng)”的認識粉煤灰的“功能”和“效應(yīng)”是所有粉煤煤灰材料技術(shù)術(shù)和工程的應(yīng)應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)。在在混凝土中摻摻加粉煤灰，應(yīng)應(yīng)對粉煤灰的的功能作全面面的認識，由由原來對粉煤煤灰的“火山灰反應(yīng)”及“經(jīng)濟組分”的概念，擴擴展到“粉煤灰效應(yīng)”的技術(shù)意識識，使得粉煤煤灰功能能夠夠更好地服務(wù)務(wù)于混凝土的的性能改善和和質(zhì)量提高。粉粉煤灰在混凝凝土中的作用用有以下幾點點：1.形態(tài)效應(yīng)：：粉煤灰的主主要礦物組成成是海綿狀玻玻璃體、鋁硅硅酸鹽玻璃微微珠，這些球球形玻璃體表表面光滑，粒粒度細，質(zhì)地地致密，內(nèi)比比表面積小，對對水的吸附力力小，這一系系列的物理特特性，不僅減減小了混凝土土的內(nèi)摩擦阻阻力，有利于于混凝土流動動性的提高；；而且，對混混凝土有不同同程度的“減水”作用；2.活性效應(yīng)：：粉煤灰的活活性成分SiO2和AI2O3與水泥的水水化產(chǎn)物在有有水的情況下下發(fā)生反應(yīng)，生生成水化硅酸酸鈣（C-S-H）和水化硫鋁鋁酸鈣（C-A-SS-H），這些反反應(yīng)幾乎都在在水泥漿孔隙隙中進行，生生成的水化產(chǎn)產(chǎn)物填充、分分割原來的大大孔，使孔隙隙細化，可降降低混凝土內(nèi)內(nèi)部的孔隙率率，改變孔結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，提高混混凝土各組分分的粘結(jié)作用用；3.微集料效應(yīng)應(yīng)：粉煤灰中中的微細顆粒粒均勻分布在在水泥顆粒之之中，填充孔孔隙，起到“細化孔隙”的作用，同同時，阻止水水泥顆粒的相相互粘聚，而而使之處于分分散狀態(tài)，有有利于混合物物的水化反應(yīng)應(yīng)，粉煤灰不不會完全與與與水泥的水化化產(chǎn)物發(fā)生反反應(yīng)，能長期期保持其“微集料效應(yīng)”；4.界面效應(yīng)：：集料與水泥泥石之間的界界面是混凝土土結(jié)構(gòu)中的薄薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，過過渡區(qū)域的寬寬度隨水灰比比、集料吸附附特性不同而而異，過渡區(qū)區(qū)域具有比水水泥漿體更多多、更大的孔孔隙。摻加粉粉煤灰能減小小過渡區(qū)域?qū)拰挾?，干擾過過渡區(qū)域中Ca（OH）2晶體的取向向性，提高混混凝土中的界界面強度和密密實性。3．粉煤灰混混凝土的性能能粉煤灰對混混凝土性能的的改變可分為為三個階段：：1.新拌混凝土土階段:影響混凝土土的凝結(jié)時間間，改善和易易性，改變流流變性質(zhì)，提提高可泵性等等；2.硬化中的混混凝土階段:調(diào)節(jié)硬化過過程，降低水水化熱；3.硬化后的混混凝土階段:提高后期強強度，提高各各項耐久性，如如抗?jié)B性、抗抗硫酸鹽侵蝕蝕性，抑制堿堿—集料反應(yīng)等等。3.1強度粉煤灰對混混凝土強度有有三種影響：：減少用水量量、增大膠結(jié)結(jié)材含量和通通過長期火山山灰反應(yīng)提高高其強度。低低鈣粉煤灰中中的微粒為硅硅氧四面體結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，自身的的活性很低。在在水泥的最終終產(chǎn)物中，高高堿性水化硅硅酸鈣和Ca（OH）2膠體的結(jié)晶晶強度很低，特特別是Ca（OH）2僅是托勃莫莫來石強度的的1-2%，而Ca（OH）2的體積占整整個水泥石體體積的25%。粉煤灰中中含有的大量量的硅、鋁氧氧化物，能逐逐步與Ca（OH）2及高堿性水水化硅酸鈣發(fā)發(fā)生二次反應(yīng)應(yīng)，生成強度度較高的低堿堿性水化硅酸酸鈣，這樣，不不但使水泥石石中水化膠凝凝物質(zhì)的數(shù)量量增加，而且且也使其質(zhì)量量得到大幅度度提高，有利利于混凝土強強度的提高。同同時，粉煤灰灰的摻入可分分散水泥顆粒粒，使水泥水水化更充分，提提高水泥漿的的密實度，使使混凝土中骨骨料與水泥漿漿的界面強度度提高。粉煤煤灰對抗拉強強度和抗彎強強度的貢獻比比抗壓強度還還要大，這對對混凝土的抗抗裂性能有利利。粉煤灰混混凝土的彈性性模量與抗壓壓強度相類似似，早期偏低低，后期逐步步提高，到28d時可比基準準混凝土提高高5-10%。與鋼筋的的握裹力，粉粉煤灰混凝土土的28d粘結(jié)強度基基本與等標號號的基準混凝凝土相同，但但粉煤灰混凝凝土的均勻性性好，粘結(jié)強強度試驗值的的離散性比基基準混凝土好好粉煤灰的二二次水化反應(yīng)應(yīng)一般在混凝凝土澆筑14d以后才開始始進行，在溫溫度低時，該該反應(yīng)所需的的時間更長。如如果對混凝土土的早期強度度有嚴格要求求，粉煤灰的的摻量不宜超超過30%，冬季施