(全)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法真題詳解-介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法真題詳解-介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)［感悟高考］單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò).ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeattheirhands.（2016?全國(guó)田，50）.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbackmydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.（2016?全國(guó)A,65）.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it'sonlyanhourawaycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.（2015?全國(guó)A,66）.NowIamleavinghometocollege.（2016?全國(guó)田，短文改錯(cuò)）.Whiletheychatted,myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.（2016?浙江，短文改錯(cuò)）答案l.with2.to3.by4.to-for5.in-on［考點(diǎn)清單］考點(diǎn)一常見(jiàn)介詞的用法1.表示時(shí)間的介詞at,on,in和for規(guī)則?at表示某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等，例如：atmidnight,atdawn/daybreak,atsunrise/sunset，atdusk等。規(guī)則?on表示在具體的日子或具體某一天的上午、下午或晚上。例如：onOctoberthefirst，onarainyday，onChristmasEve，ontheafternoonofhisarrival等。規(guī)則?in表示在某段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)（如：世紀(jì)、朝代、年代、月份）或泛指上午、下午和傍晚等。inthe1980's/1980s，intheQingDynasty，inOctober，inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。規(guī)則?for后跟“時(shí)間段”表示某行為或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多久，可與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)連用。havelivedinthiscityformorethan10years.我在這座城市住了10多年了。.表示交通方式的介詞by,in和on規(guī)則?不涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by，名詞前不帶冠詞。例如：bysea/water/land/air等。規(guī)則?涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by，但名詞需用單數(shù)，其前面不加冠詞和任何修飾語(yǔ)。例如：bybike/pgne/ship/train/spaceship/car等。規(guī)則?當(dāng)旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具時(shí)，用on或in,名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)。例如：onthisplane，onmybike，inhiscar。.表示方位的across,through和over規(guī)則?across表示“從……的表面穿過(guò)”。Hewalkedacrossthesquaretomeetus.他穿過(guò)廣場(chǎng)來(lái)見(jiàn)我們。規(guī)則?through表示“從……的內(nèi)部穿過(guò)”。Theguideledusthroughtheforest.向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著我們穿過(guò)森林。規(guī)則?over表示“從……的上面跨過(guò)”。Thethiefjumpedoverthefenceandfledaway.賊跳過(guò)柵欄逃跑了。.beyond規(guī)則?表示“（時(shí)間）過(guò)了，比……晚，遲于”。It'sbeyondmidnightnow.Ishestillwatchingthefootballmatch?現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過(guò)了午夜了。他還在看足球賽嗎？規(guī)則?表示〃（位置）在……那一邊，超出……;為……所不及，超出……的范圍”。Beyondtheriverstoodapowerstation.過(guò)了這條河就是一個(gè)發(fā)電站。Everybodywastouchedbeyondwordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.聽(tīng)了她感人的故事，大家都被感動(dòng)得無(wú)以言表。.against規(guī)則?表示〃逆……方向，頂著；靠著，倚靠；碰著，撞擊（表示方向或位置）”。Hestoodwithhisbackagainstthewall.他背靠墻站著。規(guī)則?表示“反對(duì)（與for意義相反）；違背”。Othersareagainsttheidea,sayingthatlearningEnglishisuselessandisawasteofenergy.其他人反對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，他們說(shuō)學(xué)英語(yǔ)沒(méi)用，并且浪費(fèi)精力。規(guī)則?表示“防備，準(zhǔn)備”。Someanimalsstorefoodagainstthewinter.有些動(dòng)物為過(guò)冬儲(chǔ)備食物。Theyhavegotpreparedagainstflood.他們已經(jīng)做好了防洪準(zhǔn)備。規(guī)則?表示“襯托，相映”。Thehilllooksmorebeautifulagainstthebluesky.在藍(lán)天的映襯下，山峰更顯美麗。.with的用法規(guī)則?表示“和……一起，和，同，跟”。Putthisbagwiththeothers.把這個(gè)包和其他的包放在一起。規(guī)則?表示“（同時(shí)或同一方向）隨著“。Withthevitalexamdrawingnear,IfeltsonervousthatIevencouldn'teatorsleep,thusmakingmeverysleepyinclass.隨著這場(chǎng)重要考試日益臨近，我感到如此緊張以至于吃不下睡不著，因此課堂上無(wú)精打采。規(guī)則?表示“具有，帶有”、“由于，因?yàn)椤被颉埃ū硎痉绞剑┯?。ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon'thaveenoughmoneywithme.這本字典正是我想要的，但是我沒(méi)帶夠錢。Therewasaproblemwiththeparkingplaceforbikesinour5為。。1.在我們學(xué)校自行車存放處有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)就存在的問(wèn)題?？键c(diǎn)二常見(jiàn)介詞短語(yǔ)規(guī)則?in+名詞inadvance提前，事先，預(yù)先incase如果，萬(wàn)一incharge主管，掌管，看管，負(fù)責(zé)inreturn作為回報(bào)inturn依次，替換地；相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而invain徒勞，白費(fèi)力氣的規(guī)則?on+名詞onleave在休假onholiday在度假onstrike罷工onsale出售規(guī)則?beyond+名詞beyondone'spower是某人力不能及的beyondone'sreach夠不著beyonddescription難以形容beyondwords無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言形容beyonddoubt無(wú)疑；肯定規(guī)則?under+名詞underconstruction在建設(shè)中underconsideration在考慮中underrepair在修理中規(guī)則?at+名詞atwork在上班atlunch在吃午飯atrest在休息attable在吃飯atchurch做禮拜atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)規(guī)則?outof+名詞outofbreath上氣不接下氣地outofbalance失去平衡outoftouch失去聯(lián)系outofdate過(guò)時(shí)的規(guī)則?in+名詞+ofinfavourof同意，贊成inhonourof為紀(jì)念，為慶祝inmemoryof為紀(jì)念infaceof面對(duì)inneedof需要insearchof尋找inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)inspiteof盡管incaseof如果，萬(wàn)一考點(diǎn)三“動(dòng)詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)規(guī)則?動(dòng)詞+介詞laughat嘲笑agreeon對(duì)……達(dá)成協(xié)議lookfor尋找setabout開(kāi)始做 consistof由 組成devote...to...致力于 referto參考；查閱規(guī)則?動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞goinfor愛(ài)好；從事putupwith忍受gobackto追溯到……godownto認(rèn)真做……規(guī)則?動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞takeadvantageof禾1」用payattentionto注意makeuseof禾IJ用comeupwith提出giveinto向 讓步規(guī)則?動(dòng)詞+sb/sth+介詞preventsbfrom…阻止某人做 remindsbof...提醒某人 informsbof通知某人 warnsbof警告某人 ［正誤探究］.【誤】IlikeMr.Miner'sspeech;itwasclearandon__the__point.【正】IlikeMr.Miner'sspeech;itwasclearandto__the__point.【探究】句意：我喜歡Miner先生的講話，既清楚又切中要點(diǎn)。tothepoint意思為“切中要點(diǎn)”。.【誤】Didyoureallyseetheyoungmanhitmybrotherontheface?【正】Didyoureallyseetheyoungmanhitmybrotherintheface?【探究】句意:你真的看見(jiàn)那個(gè)年輕人打我弟弟的臉了嗎？“打在臉上”用intheface;“打在鼻子上”用onthenose。［易錯(cuò)防范］易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1思維定勢(shì)，誤解語(yǔ)境Doyouthinkthisshirtistootighttheshoulders?誤填to/on答案across［句意：你覺(jué)得這件襯衫肩膀的位置太緊了嗎？本題考查介詞的基本用法。acrosstheshoulders指肩寬，兩肩的距離，故填across。］【點(diǎn)撥】此題易用to，因?yàn)橥瑢W(xué)們會(huì)受思維定勢(shì)影響，誤以為考查too...to結(jié)構(gòu)；也有同學(xué)會(huì)用on，認(rèn)為是說(shuō)“肩膀上”，指具體地點(diǎn)，但此處考查兩肩間的距離。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2受漢語(yǔ)思維影響ThegraduatesaredeterminedtodevotethemselvesChinesespacescience.誤填for答案to［句意：畢業(yè)生們決心獻(xiàn)身于中國(guó)太空科學(xué)事業(yè)。devoteoneselftodoingsth意為"獻(xiàn)身于……”，這里的to是介詞。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：payattentionto，getdownto，lookforwardto，makeacontributionto等。］【點(diǎn)撥】易誤用for。受到漢語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣的影響，考生易誤認(rèn)為是“為了（3表目的）中國(guó)的太空科學(xué)事業(yè)而奉獻(xiàn)”，卻忽略了與devote固定搭配的介詞只能是to。［針對(duì)訓(xùn)練］I.單句語(yǔ)法填空.Mostofusaremorefocusedourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.（2016?全國(guó)口，64）.thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.（2015?全國(guó)口，67）.ThentheJohnsonshadtomakealivingacow..Acommonmemorytheyallhavetheirschooldaysistheschooluniform..Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet..Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃theaverage..Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenextthewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk..Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanythingreturn..Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.short,he'sreliable..Thedictionaryisoutdate:manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.答案1.on2.At3.without4.of5.by6.above7.to8.in9.In10.of口.單句改錯(cuò)（每句僅1處錯(cuò)誤）.Tonysawatoyonashopwindow..Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek..Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice..Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside..Nearlyfiveyearsago,andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes（圣女果）inourbackgarden..Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed,theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein..Suddenlyitoccurredtomethathemighthaveleftitinthetaxi.SoIimmediatelygottouchwiththetaxicompany..I'mafraidphysicsiscompletelyagainstmeandIhavetoaskyouforhelp..Iamafraidthemountainwouldbreakdown.Thenextmorningwegotupearlyinordertoseethesunrisefromtheeast..Heisalwayshelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythingasreturn.答案1.on-in2.去掉in3.去掉with4.wait后加for5.by-of6.on一in7.got后加in8.against—beyond9.from—in10.as—in印.語(yǔ)篇填空（用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空）AsIwalked__1__thecitystreets,Ipassedayoungmansearchingthroughasmallblockoflandthatcontainedamixofleavesandrubbish.Iwassomewhatpuzzledwhysomeone__2__himwouldbesearchingthroughrubbish.Findingthisalittleodd,Iaskedhim,“Whatareyousearching__3__?”Herepliedv