2015-2017三年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編：專題13人物傳記、故事類

2015-2017三年高考英語(yǔ)真題分類匯編

專題13人物傳記、故事類

2017年高考題

人物傳記類

C1

A

BenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewas

onlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneeded

one.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcameTshair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamin

decidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.

Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegan

tolookragged（蓬亂）.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedto

admitwhathehadbeendoing.

Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,MrPennington,

cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjamin

aboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings（版畫）byanartist.Thesewere

thefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.

In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,MrPenningtonreturnedforanothervisit.

HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhe

mighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.

Inthecity,MrPenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboy

beganalandscape（風(fēng)景）painting.WilliamWilliams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehim

work.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingto

takehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeena

poorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermy

pillowatnight."Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywere

hisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewould

beanartist.

21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.

B.Williams'influenceonBenjamin.

C.ThebeginningofBenjamin，slifeasanartist.

D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.

22.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?

A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.

B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.

C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.

D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.

23.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?

A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.

B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.

C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.

D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.

24.Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto.

A.mastertheuseofpaints

B.appreciatelandscapepaintings

C.gettoknowotherpainters

D.makeuphismindtobeapainter

【文章大意】本文是一篇人物介紹類的記敘文，主要講述了美國(guó)繪畫之父本杰明?韋斯特小時(shí)候繪畫天

賦的培養(yǎng)和他在6至9歲時(shí)受到的藝術(shù)啟蓑教育。

21.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句"BenjaminWest...showedhistalentforartwhen...",以及下'文

第四段首句提到的“In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold..：和最后一段內(nèi)容及最后一句“…boydecided

thenthathewouldbeanartist.",并結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要講述了BenjaminWest體杰明?韋斯特）少年時(shí)代

的藝術(shù)啟蓑，特別是&■兇歲階段，所以C項(xiàng)能概括全文大意。

22.D句意理解題。該句需要結(jié)合上下文來(lái)理解。根據(jù)上文第二段提到本杰明剪貓的毛來(lái)制作

畫筆，導(dǎo)致貓的“毀毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington給他送來(lái)了很多畫畫的

顏料和畫筆。由此我們可以推斷，該下劃線句子內(nèi)容說(shuō)明“貓的命運(yùn)不久將得到改善”，而這一

點(diǎn)可以從本杰明得到了很多畫筆資助推斷出來(lái)。故這句話隱含著“本杰明將很快不再需要用貓的

毛制作畫筆了，他將得到很多真正的畫筆”的意思，答案選D項(xiàng)。

23.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段首句"Inthecity,MrPenningtongaveBenjamin

materialsforcreatingoilpaintings."可知，為了更好地培養(yǎng)本杰明的畫畫天賦，堂兄Pennington

給了他很多幫助，提供了創(chuàng)作用的材料等，故選B項(xiàng)。

24.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段本杰明說(shuō)的話，以及"Whileitislikelythathe

understood…Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist."可知，著名畫

家William給予的兩本關(guān)于繪畫的著作啟迪了本杰明幼小的心靈，幫助他打開了通往偉大藝術(shù)的殿堂

之門，使他立志成為藝術(shù)家，所以答案選D項(xiàng)。

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

本文后兩個(gè)小題考查了細(xì)節(jié)題。在完成細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，要特別注意排除干擾項(xiàng)。如中的D項(xiàng)“Hetaught

himhowtomakeengravingsn屬于"偷梁換柱"類干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)第三段第五句"Healsosentsix

engravingsbyanartist”可知"這些版畫是Pennington送給Benjamin的”,并非是Pennington

教Benjamin如何畫版畫，說(shuō)明D項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。

干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置方法通常有以下幾種方式：

1.張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的觀點(diǎn)與他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆起來(lái)，題干問(wèn)的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出

現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點(diǎn)；或者題干問(wèn)的是他人的觀點(diǎn)，卻把作者的觀點(diǎn)放到選項(xiàng)中去。

2.偷梁換柱。干擾項(xiàng)用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換

了幾個(gè)詞匯，造成句意的改變。

3.無(wú)中生有。干擾項(xiàng)往往是生活的基本常識(shí)和普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)，但在原文中并無(wú)相關(guān)的信息支持點(diǎn)，

這種選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置往往與問(wèn)題的設(shè)問(wèn)毫不相干。

4.以偏概全?？忌谧霾聹y(cè)文章中心思想、給文章添加標(biāo)題或判斷推理題時(shí)，往往會(huì)犯以偏概全的

錯(cuò)誤。產(chǎn)生這類錯(cuò)誤的原因是考生受思維定勢(shì)的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。其具體表現(xiàn)為合

理關(guān)聯(lián)與不合理關(guān)聯(lián)、準(zhǔn)確概括與不準(zhǔn)確概括之間的錯(cuò)位。不合理關(guān)聯(lián)就是表層理解與深層理解相混

淆。表層理解是對(duì)文章中客觀事實(shí)的感知和記憶，往往是文章直接表述的結(jié)論；深層理解則是對(duì)文章

中的客觀事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括后得出的結(jié)論。不準(zhǔn)確概括是指不能準(zhǔn)確地按題目要求概括

或提取文中的表層或深層信息。

考點(diǎn)：考查記敘文閱讀

故事類

A

ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademy

softballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeet

tostaywarm.Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered（發(fā)抖）alittleasshewatchedherteammate

ParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn，tknoweachotherwell-Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonth

orsobefore.

Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground."Paris'seyesrolledback,“Taylorsays."She

startedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”

Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedical

care,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftball

coachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”

CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson，schestsothat

bloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamaged

quickly.

Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.She

didn'tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParis

andbegandoingCPR."Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,“

saysTaylor.

Taylor，sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomoreran

togettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice（器械）thatcan

shocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris'sheartbeatreturned.

“IknowIwasreallylucky,“Parissaysnow."Mostpeopledon,tsurvivethis.My

teamsavedmylife.”

ExpertssayParisisright:forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchancefor

survivalishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPRquickly.

Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewants

tobeanurse."Ifeelmoreconfidentinmyactionsnow,“Taylorsays."IknowIcan

actunderpressureinascarysituation.”

56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?

A.Shecaughtabadcold.

B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.

C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.

D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice.

57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?

A.Shemadeaworthyfriend.

B.Sherecoveredfromshock.

C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.

D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.

58.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?

A.Enthusiasticandkind.

B.Courageousandcalm.

C.Cooperativeandgenerous.

D.Ambitiousandprofessional.

【文童大意】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了壘球女孩Paris在打球的過(guò)程中突然心力衰竭，隊(duì)友Aylor

對(duì)其進(jìn)行了緊急心肺復(fù)蘇，Paris因此恢復(fù)了心跳的故事。文章旨在說(shuō)明病人心力衰竭時(shí)，其他人保持冷靜

并對(duì)其進(jìn)行緊急心肺復(fù)蘇的重要性。

56.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure何知，Paris

突然心力衰竭，所以答案為B。

57.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段可知隊(duì)友的協(xié)助使Paris得到了及時(shí)的救助，所以Paris說(shuō)自

己很幸運(yùn)。故答案為Co

58.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParis

andbegandoingCPR.n可知Taylor非常的勇敢,以及第六段首句"Taylor'sswiftactionhelped

herteammatescalmdown.可知，Taylor是一個(gè)勇敢、冷靜的女孩，所以答案為B。

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

故事類文章是高考閱讀理解常選材料之一。這類文章常通過(guò)敘述突出人物性格特征或講述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷與

感悟，以及逸聞趣事。文章的要素有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等。有些是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)為主線敘

述的，在敘述的過(guò)程中有詳有略；有些是按時(shí)間的順序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。

解題技巧：

1、高考選用的此類文章常常為幽默類或情感類故事，其目的或闡明某種觀點(diǎn)，或抨擊某種陋習(xí)，或

贊揚(yáng)某種品德，所以要關(guān)注作者表達(dá)的個(gè)人感悟，提出的個(gè)人意見，或故事中出其不意的變化，而這

些往往體現(xiàn)文章中心或?qū)懽饕鈭D，屬于必考點(diǎn)。如本題中的第58題，總結(jié)人物品質(zhì)的，Taylor根據(jù)

自己所學(xué)的CPR知識(shí)及時(shí)的挽救了Paris的生命，雖然猶豫了，但是很快地進(jìn)行CPR搶救，說(shuō)明她

很勇敢，很鎮(zhèn)靜，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那樣陷入驚慌之中，故選B。

2、該類文章語(yǔ)言流暢、有趣，命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、

故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。這類文章同學(xué)們常有

文章易懂，題目不易做的感覺。要注意培養(yǎng)自己快速閱讀的習(xí)慣。切不可在個(gè)別難懂的詞句上停留太

久，耽誤時(shí)間。

3、對(duì)整篇短文內(nèi)容有了一定的了解后，要馬上看短文后的問(wèn)題，帶著問(wèn)題去選擇或判斷答案。

要確定所需查找的信息范圍，并注意所查找信息的特點(diǎn)。例如：如果問(wèn)題或選項(xiàng)涉及到人名、地名，

就應(yīng)該找首字母大寫的單詞；如果問(wèn)題或選項(xiàng)涉及時(shí)間、日期、數(shù)字，就應(yīng)該尋找具體的數(shù)據(jù)。

B

IworkwithVolunteersforWiIdlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBailey

ArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbe

heartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.

IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl（貓頭鷹）on

theground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedina

carrierforsafety.

Iexaminedthechick（雛鳥）anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthave

beenabletoputitback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchorit

inatree.

Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesinto

thebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,andit

quicklycalmeddown.

Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeowner

arecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchicksto

adults;theymightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheowneras

muchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.

Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!The

homeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverand

sawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenest

bythegreatestsightofall一LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobably

continuetodoso.

24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor，srescueworkaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Effortsmadeinvain.

B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.

C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.

D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.

25.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?

A.Torescueawoman.

B.Totakecareofawoman.

C.Tolookatababyowl.

D.Tocureayoungowl.

26.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?

A.Anewnest.

B.Somefood.

C.Arecording.

D.Itsparents.

27.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?

A.It'sunexpected.

B.lt,sbeautiful.

C.It'shumorous.

D.It'sdiscouraging.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要介紹了作者救助一只小貓頭鷹，給它做新的窩，幫

助它回到父母身邊的故事。

24.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbe

heartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain；可知，救助受傷動(dòng)物是令人心碎的，因?yàn)椴恢辣痪戎膭?dòng)物是否能

活下去，也就是為救助動(dòng)物而花費(fèi)的努力可能會(huì)白費(fèi)，這是不可避免的。故選A。

25.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的"Shehadfoundayoungowl（貓頭鷹）ontheground.

WhenIarrived,1sawa2-to3-week-oldowl."可知，有人給作者打電話是因?yàn)橛兄恍∝?/p>

頭鷹掉在地上了，作者趕過(guò)去看看情況。文中并沒有說(shuō)小貓頭鷹受傷了，作者只是過(guò)去看情況，

所以D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選C。

26.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的"Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquickly

calmeddown."可知，在作者把小貓頭鷹放在窩里之后，它很快就平靜下來(lái)，所以是窩讓小貓頭鷹平

靜下來(lái)的。故選A。

27.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文描述可知作者為小貓頭鷹做了窩，并且?guī)椭一亓怂母改浮?/p>

作者的救助成功了，說(shuō)明結(jié)局是美好的。再結(jié)合第一段的"However,whenitworks,itissimply

beautiful.”可推測(cè)，作者感覺很美好。故選B。

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

盡管近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀試題中推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，但細(xì)節(jié)題仍然占有較大比例，而且已

由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，

因此難度比往年有所增加。

對(duì)于直接信息的細(xì)節(jié)題來(lái)說(shuō)，考生可以首先從問(wèn)題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及

查閱的技巧在文中迅速尋找這一細(xì)節(jié)，找到后再把這一部分內(nèi)容仔細(xì)閱讀一遍，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與

文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，在準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，最后確定最佳答案。

而細(xì)節(jié)理解題是介于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題和推理判斷題之間的一種題型，做這類題目時(shí)，考生需要對(duì)原文

信息進(jìn)行加工處理，然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別，這對(duì)考生來(lái)說(shuō)有一定難度。

例如第25題WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?（乍者為什么會(huì)被打電話喊去Muttontown呢？通過(guò)

瀏覽后文考生都知道是和救助小貓頭鷹有關(guān)，但C選項(xiàng)TolookatababyowL和D選項(xiàng)TocureayoungowL

中都涉及到了“小貓頭麼，那到底是去'看小貓頭鷹"還是去''冶療小貓頭座隴？畢竟文章第一段中介紹作者

工作職責(zé)的句子IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretumin

LocustNalley.中出現(xiàn)了rescue"救援"這個(gè)單詞。再加上后文又出現(xiàn)injured,displacedorsickcreatures等單詞,

給考生的心理暗示就是被救助的小動(dòng)物都是受傷的狀態(tài)。有了前文的暗示，考生很有可能會(huì)選擇D選項(xiàng)，

認(rèn)為作者接到電話后去Mittontown救助小貓頭麼。但實(shí)際上，小貓頭鷹只是掉在地面上，并沒有受傷。根

據(jù)這一點(diǎn)，D選項(xiàng)就被排除了。所以正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

B

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidy

andtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn，twantmefor

thefilm-itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul-hestoodupforme.Idon，tknowhow

manypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudio

powers.

ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfour

yearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcame

fromatraditionoftheatreandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技藝）andfocusedon

diggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.Bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtues

thataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother-but

alwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心、）ofourrelationship

offthescreen.

Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou*refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldput

somethingback-hewithhisNewman'sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswho

areseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.Pauland1didn，t

seeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeach

otherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.

Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He'dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIboth

knewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn'ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn'tneed

alotofwords.

24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?

A.PaulNewmanwantedit.

B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent.

C.Hewasn，tfamousenough.

D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.

25.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?

A.Theywereofthesameage.

B.Theyworkedinthesametheatre.

C.Theywerebothgoodactors.

D.Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph3referto?

A.Theirbelief.

B.Theircareforchildren.

C.Theirsuccess.

D.Theirsupportforeachother.

27.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.

B.Torememberafriend.

C.Tointroduceanewmovie.

D.Tosharehisactingexperience.

【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。作者深情地追憶了自己和PaulNewman志趣相投、信念相守的

深厚的友情。

24.C推理判斷題。由第一段第二句"Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyas

wellknownasPaul…何知，攝制組拒絕接納哦“，因?yàn)?我"沒有Paul有名氣，由此可以推斷作者當(dāng)時(shí)名氣

不足。

25.D推理判斷題。第二段第一句后半部分及后面的內(nèi)容詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了作者和Paul的共同志向、

追求與愛好。盡管兩人年齡差距很大，但是因?yàn)樾愿裣嗨啤⒅救は嗤抖蔀橥杲弧?/p>

26.A代詞指代題。第三段第一句中的belief后接同位語(yǔ)從句，詳細(xì)介紹了二人的共同信念：ifyou're

fortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback（若有幸取得成功，應(yīng)該知恩圖報(bào)）。后句說(shuō)盡管

他們不常見面，但共同的信念讓他們心靈相依。由此可知此處的that指的是belief。

27.B寫作意圖題。文童最后一句點(diǎn)明寫作目的。朋友生病住院甚至已不在人世，但他們之間的友情

不需要話語(yǔ)就可以珍藏懷念。

【名師點(diǎn)睛】

本文前三題均考查了細(xì)節(jié)題。在完成細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，要特別注意排除干擾項(xiàng)。

如24題中的A項(xiàng)“PaulNewmanwantedit."屬于“顛倒黑白”類干擾項(xiàng)，根據(jù)“Whenthestudio

didn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul"可知制片人不想

要我，他想要當(dāng)時(shí)比較出名的演員Paul,說(shuō)明A項(xiàng)明顯錯(cuò)誤。

干擾項(xiàng)的設(shè)置方法除了“顛倒黑白”之外，通常還有以下幾種方式：

1.張冠李戴。命題者把文章作者的觀點(diǎn)與他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆起來(lái)，題干問(wèn)的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出

現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點(diǎn)；或者題干問(wèn)的是他人的觀點(diǎn)，卻把作者的觀點(diǎn)放到選項(xiàng)中去。

2.偷梁換柱。干擾項(xiàng)用了與原文相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換

了幾個(gè)詞匯，造成句意的改變。

3.無(wú)中生有。干擾項(xiàng)往往是生活的基本常識(shí)和普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)，但在原文中并無(wú)相關(guān)的信息支持點(diǎn)，

這種選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置往往與問(wèn)題的設(shè)問(wèn)毫不相干。

4.以偏概全?？忌谧霾聹y(cè)文章中心思想、給文章添加標(biāo)題或判斷推理題時(shí)，往往會(huì)犯以偏概全的

錯(cuò)誤。產(chǎn)生這類錯(cuò)誤的原因是考生受思維定勢(shì)的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。其具體表現(xiàn)為合

理關(guān)聯(lián)與不合理關(guān)聯(lián)、準(zhǔn)確概括與不準(zhǔn)確概括之間的錯(cuò)位。不合理關(guān)聯(lián)就是表層理解與深層理解相混

淆。表層理解是對(duì)文章中客觀事實(shí)的感知和記憶，往往是文章直接表述的結(jié)論；深層理解則是對(duì)文章

中的客觀事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理、總結(jié)或概括后得出的結(jié)論。不準(zhǔn)確概括是指不能準(zhǔn)確地按題目要求概括

或提取文中的表層或深層信息。

考點(diǎn)：考查記敘文閱讀

B

Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbing

upahillforapanoramic（全景的）viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,

Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.

Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplanted

herselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciate

theview.

PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingthe

shotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoI

couldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomething

preventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn，twanttomess

withthat.

Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotake

thephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakes

theimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathes

becausethiswomanisengagingwithit.

Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”

it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureis

captured（捕捉）andfrozenonsomestranger'sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isavery

privatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon'tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized（使永存）.In

someways,shelivesinmyhouse.

Perhapsweallliveineachothers，spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremind

usthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,for

connection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.

Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,

separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.

41.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?

A.Hercamerastoppedworking.

B.Awomanblockedherview.

C.Someoneaskedhertoleave.

D.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.

42.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably.

A.enjoyingherself

B.losingherpatience

C.waitingforthesunset

D.thinkingaboutherpast

43.Intheauthor'sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?

A.Therichcolourofthelandscape.

B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.

C.ThewomanJsexistenceinthephoto.

D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.

44.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand________.

A.theneedtobeclosetonature

B.theimportanceofprivatespace

C.thejoyofthevacationinItaly

D.thesharedpassionforbeauty

45.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor'sreflectionsupon.

A.aparticularlifeexperience

B.thepleasureoftravelling

C.theartofphotography

D.alostfriendship

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文童主要講述了作者本來(lái)想照一張最好的照片，結(jié)果一位女士一直

待在那里較了作者的想法。后來(lái)作者把那個(gè)人照了進(jìn)來(lái)，而且還把那張照片掛在了臥室里。作者通過(guò)這件

事意識(shí)到自己或許也是別人照片里的風(fēng)景。

41.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Unfortunately,justas1tookoutmycamera,awomanapproached

frombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.呵知，我，剛要拍照，突然一位女士從后面靠近，擋了

啜”的視線。

42.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“…sighandappreciatetheview.w以及第三段中

的倒數(shù)第二句"Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation."可知這位女士沉浸在美麗的風(fēng)

景中，非常滿足。

43.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的最后一句^Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehow

comestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit."可知"我"認(rèn)為這張照

片之所以有了生命力，是因?yàn)槟俏慌吭谡掌械拇嬖凇?/p>

44.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"…toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,

thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreater

thanus."可知“我”從這張照片中更好地理解了人們對(duì)美景的共同的愛。

45.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容：作者要拍照，卻因一位女士一直站在那里，所以只好把她一起拍進(jìn)

去。但后來(lái)作者發(fā)現(xiàn)照片因這位女士的存在顯得更加生動(dòng)了。因此可知這篇文章是作者對(duì)一次特殊的人生

經(jīng)歷的思考。

【名師點(diǎn)睛】這是一篇故事類短文，題目設(shè)置都以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，推理判斷為輔。細(xì)節(jié)題一般就是文章

出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容即是答案，也有推理判斷題，就是不是通過(guò)題干的某個(gè)單詞定位到文中能直接看出答案來(lái)

的，要通過(guò)故事中所陳述的內(nèi)容來(lái)推理判斷。做題時(shí)不能流于表面?？梢赃m當(dāng)運(yùn)用一些解題技巧。

做推理判斷題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆

向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。比如45題，問(wèn)這篇文章是作者對(duì)—的

思考，答案是根據(jù)最后三段內(nèi)容推理出來(lái)的。

2016年高考題

1.[2016?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I]C

IampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,

51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干細(xì)胞）inmylittleboxbecause

I'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcells

areharvestedfromadonor（捐獻(xiàn)者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we've

got72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

1hadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.1pickedupthe

stemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.

ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:"Well,

I'mreallysorry,I'vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.”

SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:"Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthat

areurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you,vegottogetmebacktotheUnited

Kingdom."Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobe

heldformere-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthan

originallyscheduled.

Forthiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou'regotsomethingthat

ispotentiallygoingtosavesomebodyJslife.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier“inParagraph17

AproviderBdeliveryman

CcollectorDmedicaldoctor

30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?

A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.

B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.

C.Theoperationneedsthatverymuch.

D.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.

31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?

A.ToLondonB.ToNewark

C.ToProvidenceD.ToWashington

【答案】

29-31.BD.B

試題分析：本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了作者在一次運(yùn)送造血干細(xì)胞途中的一段經(jīng)歷，表現(xiàn)了人們

之間的友愛。

29.B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容I'vedone89trips和Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsin

mylittlebox以及第二段內(nèi)容可知作者是運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞的人，也就是deliveryman-故選B?

【技巧點(diǎn)撥】詞義猜測(cè)題的答題技巧。1.根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)2.根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

3.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）進(jìn)行猜測(cè)4.根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。在本文中要

根據(jù)上下文對(duì)作者工作的描寫來(lái)推測(cè)出正確的詞義。

30.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoice

packsandthat'showlongtheylast.可知冰盒只能保持42小時(shí)適宜的溫度。故選D。

31.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedme

throughNewark可知，這位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故選B。

考點(diǎn)：故事類短文閱讀

2.[2016?全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II]B

Fiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatest

atthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.Iputasmallsetof

Tinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:"MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.You

have45minutestoday-and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”

Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseetherestoftheclasswoulddo.

Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodel

plansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.

OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.His

constructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.

Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemind

atwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhose

creativitywouldinfect（感染）otherstudents.

Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudents

whohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,"ButI'mjustnot

creative.”

“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep?”

“Oh,sure."

“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestin