全球6G技術(shù)大會(huì)白皮書 2023 -ICDT Integrated 6G Network 3.0

ICDTIntegrated6G

Network3.0

WHITEPAPERV9.0

2023.03

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ExecutiveSummary

Thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyisaprocessofcontinuousemergenceandintegrationofnewtechnologies.The5Gerahascompletedtheintegrationofinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT).Inthetrendofevolutionto6G,ICTisfurtherintegratedwithbigData,artificialintelligence,andsystemOperationtechnology,presentingthecharacteristicsofICDT(Information,Communication,bigDataTechnology)integration.

ICDTintegrated6Gisanend-to-endinformationprocessingandservicesystem.Itisamobileinformationnetworkwithstrongconnectivity,strongcomputingpower,strongintelligence,andstrongsecurity.Alargenumberofnewtechnologiesandnewfunctionshavebecomecandidatesfor6Gdesign,andtheperformanceoftheschemehasbeenverifiedatdifferentlevelssuchastheory,simulationandprototype.

Thiswhitepaperattemptstoclassifyandintegrate6Gpotentialtechnologiesandsolutionsfromasystemperspective,andgivestechnicalsystemsuggestions.Accordingtofunctionalcharacteristics,6Gtechnologycanberoughlydividedintofourdirections:wirelesscommunication,wirelessnetwork,functionalarchitectureandsystemoperation.Amongthem,wirelesscommunicationaimstoimprovethepoint-to-pointtransmissionperformance,wirelessnetworkaimstoachievethecapabilitiesofmulti-bandnetworking,enhancedcoverage,networksensing,leannetworkandthefulllife-cycleinformationprocessthroughplatform-based,structured,service-orientedandbiochemicaldesign.Thegoalofsystemnetworkingistoachieveself-growth,self-optimizationandself-evolutionofnetworkoperationcapabilities,andimproveenergyandresourceefficiency.

Intermsofwirelesscommunicationandnetworking,theintegratedsensingandcommunication,reconfigurableintelligentsurfaceandintelligentinterferencecoordinationhaveattractedmuchattention,andarealsothekeydirectionsof5Genhancement.Atpresent,thesetechnologieshavecompletedthedesignoftechnicalsolutionsandprototypesolutions,andareundergoingfieldtesting.Intermsofnetworkarchitectureandfunctions,leannetwork,intelligentnativenetwork,service-basedwirelessnetwork,mobilecomputingnetwork,digitaltwinnetwork,intelligentnetworkmanagement,andsemanticcommunicationhavebecometheresearchfocus.Based

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onentropyreductionnetworktheoryandcloudpoolingofbasicresources,theintegrationofcommunication,computing,AI,serviceandotherelementscanberealizedinaservice-basedandsoftware-definedway.

ICDTintegrated6Gwillfurtherextendtothecross-borderintegrationofnewsensing,newterminals,newcomputing,newsecurity,newlow-carbon,newmaterials,newbionics,newnetworking,newfacilitiesandnewparadigms,bringingmoreinnovativepathsto6G.Amongthem,quantumcomputingwithitsadvantagesofparallelcomputingwillbringsubversiveopportunitiesto6Gnetworks.

Forthebetterdevelopmentof6G,thispaperproposestostrengthentheresearchandverificationofsystemdesign,aswellastheindividualtechnologicalinnovation.Weshouldnotonlypayattentiontotheultimateperformance,butalsotakeflexibility,simplicity,greenandsecurityasthepremise.Whileactivelypromoting6G,weshouldpayattentiontocooperationwith5G.

Contents

ExecutiveSummary01

1Preface03

2ICDT-integrated6GTechnologySystem04

2.1OverallTechnologySystemView

04

2.2WirelessCommunicationTechnologyCluster

05

2.3RadioAccessNetwork(RAN)Cluster

05

2.4FunctionandArchitectureTechnologyCluster

05

2.5SystemNetworkingTechnologyCluster

06

3ICDT-integratedWirelessCommunicationandNetworking06

3.1ISACTechnology

06

3.1.1BasicConcepts

06

3.1.2KeyTechnologies

06

3.2CollaborativeReflectionNodes(RIS)

08

3.2.1BasicConcepts

08

3.2.2KeyTechnologies

08

3.2.3TechnicalChallenges

09

3.3IntelligentAutonomousInterferenceCoordination

11

3.3.1TechnicalOverview

11

3.3.2TechnicalAdvice

11

4ICDT-integratedArchitectureandFunction13

4.1FlexibleSimpleNetwork

13

4.1.1BasicConcepts

13

4.1.2TechnicalChallenges

14

4.1.3TechnicalAdvice

14

4.2IntelligentEndogenousNetwork

15

4.2.1BasicConcepts

15

4.2.2KeyTechnologies

15

4.2.3TechnicalChallenges

16

4.3ServiceWirelessNetwork

17

4.3.1BasicConcepts

17

4.3.2KeyTechnologies

17

4.3.3TechnicalChallenges

18

4.4WirelessComputingNetwork

18

4.4.1BasicConcepts

18

4.4.2ArchitectureDesigners

19

4.4.3KeyTechnologies

20

4.5DTNetwork

21

4.5.1BasicConcepts

21

4.5.2ArchitectureDesigners

21

4.5.3TechnicalChallenges

23

4.6SemanticCommunication

24

4.6.1BasicConcepts

24

4.6.2KeyTechnologies

25

4.6.3TechnicalChallenges

27

5ICDT-integratedTechnologyTrends27

5.1Cross-borderIntegrationTechnologyTrends

27

5.2QuantumComputingandApplications

29

5.5.1Conclusion30

Acknowledgement31

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1.Preface

Informationtechnologyisconstantlychanging.The6Gtechnologyintegratinginformationtechnology,communicationtechnology,artificialintelligence(AI),bigdatatechnology,systemcontroltechnology,anddigitaltwintechnologyisdevelopingconstantly.AttheGlobal6GConferenceinNovember2020,theICDT-integrated6GNetworkwhitepaper1.0wasofficiallyreleased,regarding6Gasanend-to-endinformationprocessingandservicesystem.Itscorefunctionisexpandedfrominformationtransmissiontoinformationcollection,informationcomputing,andinformationapplication,providingmorepowerfulendogenouscapabilitiesinmultipledimensions,includingcommunication,computing,sensing,intelligence,andsecurity.TheICDT-integrated6GNetworkwhitepaper2.0wasreleasedattheGlobal6GConferenceheldinMarch2022.Basedonversion1.0,thisversionfocusesonthenetworkcapability,architecture,airinterface,terminal,andindustrythatintegratesensing,communication,andcomputing,whileproposinganew6Gsolution.

Overthepastyear,theconnotationandpositioningof6Ghavebeencontinuouslyextended.Thetrendistheintegrationofdata,operation,information,andcommunicationtechnology(ICDT),whilethecharacteristicsofthe"fourstrong"capabilities,thatis,strongconnection,strongcomputingpower,strongintelligence,andstrongsecurity,havebecomemoreprominent.

Now,thefocusof6Gtechnologydevelopmentismovingfrommulti-pointtechnologytokeytechnology.Thesystemsolutiondesignandprototypeverificationhavebecomekeywork,andtheIMT-2030workinggrouphasstartedindoorandoutdoortestingofkeytechnologyprototypes.Atthesametime,theindustryhasbeguntostandardizesomequasi-6Gtechnologiesin3GPP5G-A.ChinaMobileandHuaweitaketheleadinlaunching6GANA(aglobalplatformfornetworkintelligentcommunication).Theyadvocateunifiedglobal6Gstandards,coveringmorethan31unitsofindustry,academia,andresearch,withaproposalformanysolutionsattheintelligentnetworkarchitecturelevel.

Basedonthelatest6Gprogress,the6GworkinggroupoftheFuTUREMOBILECOMMUNICATIONFORUM(FuTRUEForum)takestheleadincompletingtheICDT-integrated6GNetworkwhitepaper3.0.ThiswhitepapermainlyintroducestheICDT-integrated6Gtechnologysystem,wirelesscommunicationandnetworking,aswellasarchitectureandfunction,withabriefdiscussionontheICDT-integratedtechnicaltrend,and6Gdevelopmentproposals.

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2.ICDT-integrated6GTechnologySystem

2.1OverallTechnologySystemView

Intheoverallvisionof6Gtechnology,regarding6Gsystemdesign,6Gnewtechnologiescanbeclassifiedintofourdirections:wirelesscommunication,radioaccessnetwork(RAN),functionandarchitecture,andsystemnetworkingaccordingtotheirfunctionalcharacteristicsandpositioning.Ofthefour,wirelesscommunicationispositionedinpoint-to-pointcommunication,withthegoaltoimprovespectralefficiency,peakrate,andthenumberofaccessusers.Theradioaccessnetwork(RAN)ispositionedinmultipoint-to-multipointnetworking,withthegoaltosupportmulti-band,multi-standard,expandedmicro-domain,blindareacoveragecapabilities,andnetworkawarenesscapabilities.Thefunctionandarchitecturearepositionedinthetheoreticalsystemofinformationandcommunicationnetworkarchitecture.Suchtechnicalmeansasplatformization,structuring,servitization,andendogenousdesignareusedtosimplifythenetworkandreducethestructuralentropy,aswellastorealizesmoothintergenerationalevolutionandforward-backwardbidirectionalcompatibilitywith5G.6Gisdesignedforallscenarios,integratesallelements,andrealizestheconnectionofresourcesandcapabilitiesinallfields,andthewholeprocessserviceofinformationflow.Thesystemnetworkingispositionedtopenetratethephysicalanddigitalspaces,andrealizeself-growth,self-optimization,andself-evolutionatthesystemlevel.Withatransitiontocentralized+distributedcollaboration,itexpandsondemand,supportstheplug-and-playfunction,andrealizesflexiblenetworkorganization.Theend-to-endsystemsavesenergyandimprovesenergyandresourceutilization.Theservicenetworkintegrationrealizestheinternalizationofcapabilitiesandthesymbiosisofopenness.

Figure16GTechnologySystem

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2.2WirelessCommunicationTechnologyCluster

Wirelesscommunicationfocusesonsolvingthesystematicintegrationofnewspectrumandnewantennatechnologies.Thekeytechnologiesincludetwotechnologyclustersoflarge-scaleintelligentwirelesstransmissionandultra-highfrequencycommunication.TheformerusesUltraMassiveMIMO,virtualMIMO,newmultipleaccess,collaborativepassivenodes(suchasreconfigurableintelligentsurface(RIS))andairinterface(AI)astechnicalcomponentstobuildanintelligentmulti-antennaairinterfacesolution.Thelatterismainlybasedonvisiblelightcommunicationandterahertzcommunication,providingultra-highratetransmissionsolutions,withapeakratetargetofatleast100Gbps.

2.3RadioAccessNetwork(RAN)Cluster

Theradioaccessnetwork(RAN)focusesonsolvingmulti-technology,multi-band,multi-functionalwirelessnetworking,andcoverageissues.Thefocusincludestwotechnologyclustersofmultidimensionalheterogeneousnetworkingandnetworkcollaborativecommunicationsensingtechnology.Theformerincludesmulti-bandnetworking,suchaslowandmediumfrequencybands,millimeterwaves(mmWaves),terahertz,andvisiblelight,groundandsatellitenetworking,multi-standardnetworkingsuchas5G/6Gshort-distancecommunication,cellularnetworksandnon-cellularintegratednetworks,andmicro-domaincommunication(microcoverage)andothertechnologies.Thelatterincludesmulti-dimensionalinterferencecoordinationmanagement,distributedMIMO,networkcollaborativesensing,andothertechnologies.

2.4FunctionandArchitectureTechnologyCluster

6Gfunctionandarchitecturefocusonsolvingthedesignproblemsof6Goverallarchitectureandendogenousfunctions,includingtwotechnologyclustersoftheplatformservicenetworkandtheall-elementintegratednetwork.Theformerincludesentropyreductionnetworktheory,full-servicenetwork(service-orientedcorenetworkandaccessnetwork),flexiblesimplenetworkandothertechnologies,whilethelatterincludesendogenousAInetwork,endogenoussecuritynetwork,mobilecomputingnetwork,and6G-orientedspace-air-groundintegratednetwork.Avarietyoffunctionalintegrationdesignsformfunctionalcoupling,creatingdifficultyinsystemarchitecturedesign.Basedoncloud-basedpooledbasicresources,itisfeasibletodesigninaservice-orientedandsoftware-definedfunctionmanner.

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2.5SystemNetworkingTechnologyCluster

Thesystemnetworkingfocusesonsolvingend-to-endnetworkoperationproblems,includingnetworkmanagement,servicemanagement,operationandmaintenance,andcapabilityopening.Keytechnologiesincludetwotechnologyclustersoftheglobalautonomousnetworkandenergy-efficientoperationandmaintenance.Theformerincludestechnicalcomponentssuchasnetworkintelligence,digitaltwinnetworks,anddistributedautonomousnetworks.Thelatterincludestechnologiessuchastechnologyforinformationenergyintegration,servicenetworkintegration(suchassemanticcommunication),networkmanagementandorchestration,andcapabilityopening.

3.ICDT-integratedWirelessCommunicationandNetworking

3.1ISACTechnology

3.1.1BasicConcepts

Inthefuture,the6Gnetworkwillhavethebasicabilitytoperceivethephysicalworldanytimeandanywhere.Itaimstorealizeintegratedsensingandcommunication(ISAC)throughthedesignofspectrumresourcesharing,integratedairinterface,andhardwarearchitecture,supportthenetworktohavecommunicationandsensingcapabilities,andimprovespectrumandhardwareresourceutilization.Amongthem,networkedcollaborativeISACutilizesdistributednodesdeployedonalargescaleinthenetworktopromotethedeepintegrationofcommunicationandsensethroughmulti-pointcollaborationandinformationinteraction.

3.1.2KeyTechnologies

1)AirInterfaceIntegratedTechnology

Integratedwaveformdesign:ThejointdesignofthenewISACwaveformsneedstoconsiderthecompromisebetweencommunicationandsensingperformance,andreducethecomplexityofhardwareadaptationasmuchaspossible.

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Framestructuredesign:Accordingtoservicepriorityandservicevolumerequirements,thesymboltypecanbeflexiblyconfigured,andatthesametimemeettheneedsofsensing-assistedcommunicationandcommunication-assistedsensingservicescenarios.

Referencesignaldesign:Single-nodesensingcanmultiplexdatasignals,whilenetworkcollaborativesensingneedstodesignreferencesignalswithlowerPAPR,andfurtherdesignflexiblesignalmappingmethodstomeetvarioussensingneeds.

Beamformingandbeammanagement:Beamformingcanachievedirectionaltransmissionandaccuratesensingofthetarget,butthebeamscanningprocessofsensingisexpensive.Therefore,areasonablebeammanagementmethodcanoptimizetheperformanceoftheintegratedsystem.

2)NetworkIntegrationTechnology

Multi-frequencypointcoordination:Itcomprehensivelyconsidersthefadingcharacteristics,communicationcapabilities,andsensingcapabilitiesoflow,medium,andhighfrequencybands,andbuildsafull-spectrumfusioncommunicationandsensingnetworkthatcomplementsandenhanceseachfrequencybandtoachievewide-coveragedetectionandmicro-accuratesensing.

Synchronizationbetweennodes:Inacollaborativecommunicationandsensingnetwork,theerrorintroducedbytheasynchronoustransmittingandreceivingnodescannotbeignored.Itisnecessarytodesignasystemsolutiontoreduceoravoidsynchronizationerrorsfromtheperspectiveofsystemperformanceandcomplexity.

Networkinginterferencecoordination:NetworkedcollaborativeISACdisruptstraditionalco-frequencydeploymentandadditionallyintroducescross-linkinterference.Fromtheperspectiveofnetworkresourceconfigurationandcoordinationscheduling,thetimeslotconfigurationmethodofeachcooperativenodecanbeoptimized.

Jointprocessingofsignals:Jointprocessingofmulti-nodeinformationcanobtainjointprocessinggain,whileconsideringtheinfluenceoffrequencyband,bandwidthandtransmissionpoweronthesensingaccuracyandrange,andalsotakingintoaccounttherequirementsofsystemcommunicationtraffic.

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3)HardwareArchitectureDesign

Forsingle-nodesensing,thetransmittercanrealizehardwareintegrationthroughairinterfacejointdesign,butthesimultaneoustransmit-receivemodewillintroduceself-interference,anditneedstorelyonfull-duplexcapability.However,thefullduplexerisstillintheresearchstage.Inthefuture,itisnecessarytocomprehensivelyconsiderthematurityofthefull-duplextechnologyforhardwarearchitecturedesign.

3.2CollaborativeReflectionNodes(RIS)

3.2.1BasicConcepts

TheRISisanadjustabledevicearraycomposedofhundredsorthousandsofdeviceunits,andtheworkingstateofeachdeviceunitisdynamicallyorsemi-staticallycontrolledbyadigitallyprogrammablecontrolmoduletorealizethedifferentresponsemodesofthewirelesssignal.Inthisway,itrealizesthereshapingoftheelectromagneticwavepropagationenvironment.TheRIShastheadvantagesoflowpowerconsumption,lowcost,lowthermalnoise,andfullduplex.Thesurface,deployedonthesurfaceofobjectsinwirelesstransmissionenvironments,reconstructstraditionaluncontrollablewirelesschannelsintointelligentprogrammablewirelessenvironments,andintroducesanewparadigmoffuturewirelesscommunications.

TheRIScanbeusedasreflectionnodesinmobilecommunicationnetworks,andbasestationsarerequiredtocooperateandinteractwiththemaccordingtofactorssuchaschannelstate,communicationgoals,andschedulingrequests,thenimprovingnetworkperformance,suchascoverageenhancementandcapacityimprovement.Therefore,theRISintheaboveapplicationscenarioisturnedintocollaborativereflectionnodes.

3.2.2KeyTechnologies

Insystemsolutions,thecommunicationsystemarchitecturewithcollaborativereflectionnodesincludesanewnodeandtwonewlinks.Forthisnewnode,thatis,thecollaborativereflectionnode,itisnecessarytodefinenetworkelementcapabilities,beamformingmethods,andthelike.Networkelementcapabilitiesincludethetypeofelectromagneticwaveregulation(reflectionortransmission),thetimerequiredforregulation,andarrayarrangement.Thespecificimplementationofbeamforming

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willaffectthedesignofcontrolandtransmissionsolutions,aswellasthedesignofcodebooks.Forexample,beamformingbasedonchannelinformationneedstoredesigntheCSIacquisitionmethod,andthemethodbasedonbeamscanningrequiresindexingalargenumberofadditionalbeamsintroducedbyRIS.Forthetwonewlinks,oneisthecontrollinkfromthebasestationtotheRIS,theinterfaceprotocolneedstobefurtherdesigned,andthewirelesscontrolinterfaceisconducivetotheRISflexibledeployment;theotheristhedataandsignalingtransmissionlinkbetweenthebasestationandtheterminalthroughtheRIS.Thelinkisdividedintotheincidentlinkandthereflectivelink.ItisnecessarytofurtherconsidertheimpactoftheRISintroductionontheexistingairinterfaceprotocol,andredesignthetransmissionsolution,suchasarandomaccessprocess,beammanagementprocess,andchannelstateinformationacquisitionprocess.

Asforchannelmodels,RIShasalargenumberofunitstructures,andadditionalnear-fieldpropagationmodelsneedtobeconsidered,butthenear-fieldmodelsaremorecomplexandchangeable,makingmodelingandmeasurementmoredifficult.Atpresent,onlysomeresearchinstitutionshavecarriedoutpreliminaryresearchontheRISchannelmodel,andfurthermodelingandmeasurementresultsintheactualtransmissionenvironmentareneeded.

Asfornetworkdeployment,asthecurrentRISdoesnothavethefilteringcapabilityforspecificfrequencypoints,itisnecessarytoevaluateandstudytheco-channelandadjacent-channelinterferenceissues,aswellasinterferencecoordinationamongoperatorsandnetworkingdeploymentissues.ItisnecessarytostudytheRISnetworktopologyanddeploymentsolutionsinthewirelesshomogeneousorheterogeneousnetwork.ItisnecessarytostudythecollaborationissuesamongmultipleRISsinthesame/differentcellsinthenetworkenvironment.

Asforhardwarecharacteristicsandstructuraldesign,throughelectromagneticsimulationresearch,itisfoundthatthesingle-polarizationRISonlyrespondstoincomingwavesinonepolarizationdirection,andmirrorsincomingwavesinotherpolarizationdirections.Basedonthisproblem,thestructuraldesignofdual-polarizationRIScanbeinvestigated.

3.2.3TechnicalChallenges

Atpresent,intelligentreflectingsurfacesarestillfacingseverechallengesinthreeaspects:hardwareimplementationandengineeringdeployment,theoryandsolutiondesign,controlsolutionandnetworkarchitecture.

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1)Hardwareimplementationandengineeringdeployment.ThehardwareimplementationandengineeringdeploymentofRISarerestrictedbyfactorssuchasscale,price,anddeploymentdifficulty.Intermsofhardwareimplementation,thematurityofRISmaterialsanddevicesisnothigh,yetwithahighcost.Theperformanceofadjustabledevicesisdifficulttomeetthecontrolrequirements,andthestructuraldesignneedstobeoptimized.Restrictedtothecontrolspeedofadjustabledevices,thecurrenthigh-frequencyRISrelayhasnotyetrealizeddynamicregulation.RISoperateswithalimitedbandwidth,energyconversionefficiencyislow,anditisdifficulttosupportlong-distancecoverageandlarge-bandwidthtransmission.Intermsofengineeringdeployment,thelargersizeoftheRISpanelmakesitnecessarytocommunicatewiththepropertymanagementcompanyandownersandentailsgreatwindresistance.ThepowerfeedingrequirementofRISwilllimititsdeploymentandmaybefacedwithweak-currentinterference.

2)Theoryandsolutiondesign.ThetransmissionsolutiondesignofRISsystemslacksstrongtheoreticalsupportasreliable,completetransmissiontheoreticalbasis,channelmodels,andsystemmodelsareyettobedeveloped.Theexistingairinterfacetransmissionsolutionsarehighlycomplexandcostlyandhavelimitedfeasibility.Therefore,acomplete,trustworthyevaluationsystemtakingnon-idealfactorsintoaccountshouldbeestablishedforactualsystemperformance.Further,channelestimation,jointbeamforming,andotherrealizablebasicairinterfacetransmissionsolutionsaretobedesignedbasedonthecompromisebetweenperformanceandcomplexity.Inaddition,furtherresearchisrequiredastowhethertheRIScansupportsub-banddispatchingsolutionsandwhetherthephasetuningofhighandlow-frequencyarraysisfasterenough.

3)Controlschemeandnetworkarchitecture.ThecontrolmethodofRIShasanimportantinfluenceonthedesignofnetworkarchitecture,powerconsumption,anddeployment.Acompromisebetweenpowerconsumptionandnetworkcomplexityshouldbeconsideredfortrulypassive/semi-passiveanddynamiccontrol.Intermsofnetworking,furtherassessmentandinvestigationarewarrantedastowhethertheRIScanobtainperformancegaininmulti-bandwidth,multi-systemcommunicationmodeandhowthetransmissionsolutionshouldbedesigned.

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3.3IntelligentAutonomousInterferenceCoordination

3.3.1TechnicalOverview

Interferencemanagementtechnologyisalwaysthekeytechnologytoensurethequalityofwirelesscommunication.4G-orientedtechnologiesincludeICIC,eICICtechnology,networkcoding,interferencemigration,multi-pointcoordinatedtransmissionandotherinterferencemanagementtechnologies.5G-orientedonesincludeinterferencealignment,interferencecancellation,interferencerandomization,andotherintelligentanti-jammingtechnologies.Networkinterferenceoptimizationmethodshaveevolvedfromtraditionalmodel-drivenoptimizationsuchasmathematicalmodelingoptimizationtocurrentdata-drivenoptimizationbasedonAIalgorithmssuchasreinforcementlearning.Facingnewservicerequirementsofthefuture6Gultra-large-scaleuseraccess,networkarchitectureandultra-highbandwidthofultra-densityheterogeneousnetworks,ultra-lowlatency,andultra-highreliability,togetherwiththe6GnetworkevolutioncharacterizedbyendogenousAIandISAC,itisurgenttostudynewAI-basednetworkinterferencemanagementtechnologiesandcorrespondingoptimizationmethodstoproblems,andestablishandoptimizeinterferenceintelligentmanagementdecision-makingdriven