初中英語完型填空解題技巧

PAGEPAGE4初中英語完形填空解題技巧【復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)】完形填空題是對學(xué)生英語語言知識與語言運(yùn)用能力的一種測試。其考查的形式靈活，綜合性較強(qiáng)，要求考生能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)的知識在特定的語境中進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷，并能準(zhǔn)確地從四個備選項中選出正確答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意義通暢。一．完形填空題的特點(diǎn)完形填空題能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地檢查學(xué)生的各項知識水平和綜合運(yùn)用語言知識的能力。這種題型的主要考查內(nèi)容為：詞語辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語法；②固定搭配與習(xí)慣表達(dá)；③閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力。近年來，完形填空題更側(cè)重對語言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。完形填空題（clozetest）它有以下兩大特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律：第一，一篇完形填空題是一個有機(jī)的整體。盡管看起來形式上有殘缺（若干個空），但它的內(nèi)容、語言習(xí)慣，句與句之間的銜接點(diǎn)，句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系，段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍或隱或現(xiàn)地存在于篇章之中。因此，在做完形填空題時，通讀全文、明了大意、理清觀點(diǎn)、分清層次是十分重要的一步?？忌忸}時必須自始至終依托語境，注意上下文之間、詞與詞之間，從語法到意義的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上啟下的過渡詞等，如so,but,however,then,therefore,also等。第二，完形填空題選材廣泛。它涉及社會、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)；文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識、人物故事等。因此，考生做完形填空題時，要快速通覽全文，了解文章概貌與各段落的中心意思，把握文章主旨脈絡(luò)，掌握文章作者的意圖。二．完形填空題的設(shè)空規(guī)律為了對完形填空題的各種類型有一個深入的了解，探索一下該題型的設(shè)空規(guī)律是有必要的。⑴上下文直接信息題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，四個選項之間不存在詞義區(qū)別和用法比較?？忌鷳?yīng)著眼于對上下文信息的捕捉和對上下文暗示的領(lǐng)會。如下列“考題1”中的第7、8、9小題。⑵詞、句、文三結(jié)合理解題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是：其中某一個或幾個選項代入空白處會使句意不通或嚴(yán)重違背上下句意義的銜接或直接與短文內(nèi)容不符，考生在做這類題時要對各選項的詞義作準(zhǔn)確的把握。如下列“考題1”中的第4、5小題。⑶詞義辨析題：本類題的設(shè)置特點(diǎn)是，各選項代入空中后該句的語法都是正確的，但是句子出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的含義。在做這類題時，考生要認(rèn)真比較各詞之間的細(xì)微差別。如下列“考題1”中的第1、11、15小題。⑷語法知識和固定短語考查題：考生在解答本類題時要注意句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)要正確：如時態(tài)、語態(tài)等；對固定短語要注意其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性，如下列“考題1”中的第10小題。⑸行文邏輯和全文中心把握題：本類題的設(shè)空特點(diǎn)是：把各選項中的對象代入空格中可導(dǎo)致上下文之間出現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系等。做本類題時，考生要注意全文的主線或脈絡(luò)，仔細(xì)分析上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而準(zhǔn)確地選出正確答案。如下列“考題1”中的第2、13小題。三．完形填空解題技巧在做這類題的時候，希望考生一定要牢記四個步驟，反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，使自己在短時間內(nèi)有一個比較好的成績。第一步就是通讀全文，領(lǐng)會大意，第二步就是緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對比備選答案，第三步就是瞻前顧后，全文貫通,，第四步就是復(fù)查核對，決定取舍。1．通讀全文，領(lǐng)會大意完形填空題不同于單項選擇填空題。單項填空題所給的是一個或兩個句子，根據(jù)本句或前后句就可以判定所選的答案。而完形填空題所給的是一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做題前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是絕不可省的一步。8.A.worriedB.freeC.busyD.careful9.A.1ateB.illC.lonelyD.ready10.A.downB.upC.outD.back11.A.happenedB.stoppedC.failedD.pointed12.A.helpedB.knewC.followedD.stopped13.A.roomB.tableC.seatD.teacher14.A.thinkB.sitC.turnD.speak15.A.shortB.badC.happyD.usual【限時訓(xùn)練】(A)JackisanEnglishteacheratacollege．HemovedtoNewYorkCitywith_41__family．Jackisanexcellentteacher．Soweallmissedhimverymuchsincehe_42__．Twoweeksago,JackcamebacktoNorthCarolinaforashortvisit．Theteachersandstudentsheldasmall_43__forhim．Attheparty．Icertainlywouldnot_44__thatgoodchancetolearnEnglish．SoItriedtothinkofallkindsoftopicstotalk_45__Grace，anotherEnglishteacher．SuddenlyIheardJacksaytoothers_46__，“IdigNewYork!”IimmediatelyaskedGrace，“IsitreallydifficulttofindajobinNewYork?”WhydoesJack_47__doheavyworksinceheissuchagoodteacher?’’“Whydoyouthinkthat?”Graceaskedme．‘‘Haven’tyouheardhim_48__thatheisdiggingNewYork?Ishebuildinganundergroundpassage?”WhenshefinallyrealizedwhatImeant，Gracelaughedtotears．Shethenaskedus_49_weknewthemeaningof“IdigNewYork．”Allofusshookour_50__．SoGraceaskedJacktoexplainit?Itturnsoutthat“IdigNewYork”means“IloveNewYork”inAmericanslang(俚語)．()41.A.heB.hisC.himself()42.A.leftB.leavesC.leave()43.A.meetingB.partyC.lecture()44.A.lookupB.callupC.giveup()45.A.withB.atC.of()46.A.angrilyB.sadlyC.loudly()47.A.havetoB.hadtoC.hasto()48.A.talkB.sayC.speak()49.A.thatB.whetherC.what()50.A.handsB.armsC.heads(B)Haveyoueverdonesomethingsillythatmadeyoufeelsoembarrassed(尷尬的)?Well，IhadareallybadSaturdaymorning．Iwentshoppinglastweek，_41__mywayhome,Itbegantorain．Iquicklyranintoaphonebox_42__Ididn'thaveanumbrella．ItwasraininghardandIdecidedto_43__inthephoneboxuntilitstopped._44__minuteslater,Isawayoungmanwalkuptothephonebox,wearingayellowraincoatandholdingatoolbox.Ididn’twanttogooutintotherain,soI_45__thephoneandpretendedIwastalkingtosomeone.Ithoughthewouldgoaway，buthedidn’t．Hewaitedinthe_46__rain,watchingmewavemyhandsaboutandactasif1wasdeepinconversation．_47_，therainstoppedafterabouttenminutes．“OK，Mum，”Isaidloudlyintothephone，“I’llseeyoulater.Bye!”Iputthephonedownandwentoutofthephonebox.“I’msorrytokeepyou_48__forsolong,”Isaidtotheman．“Oh，Idon’twanttousethephone,”hereplied．“I'vejustcometorepairit．Itdoesn’twork．”Myfaceturned_49__andIquicklyranoffwithmyheaddown.Thatwascertainlythemostembarrassing_50__ofmylife!()41.A.atB.onC.in()42.A.soB.andC.because()43.A.stayB.liveC.come()44.A.AfewB.AlittleC.Alot()45.A.lookedupB.pickedupC.turnedup()46.A.bigB.strongC.heavy()47.A.LuckilyB.LuckC.Lucky()48.A.waitB.waitingC.waited()49.A.greenB.redC.white()50.A.chanceB.wayC.time（C）Everyoneknowspeopleneedwater．Butdoyouknowjusthow__41_wateristolivingthings?Maybeyoufeellucky__42_yourlifeisn’thard.Butitdoesn’tmeanthatyoudon’thavetoworryaboutwater．Weallfaceseriouswater__43_．Oneofthemiswaterpollution．Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomes__44_ourrivers,lakesandoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybad__45_peopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,__46_．Now,34percentofallkindsoffisharedyingout.Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?First，theypollutetheair．Then，whenit__47_，therainwatercomesdownandmakesourdrinkingwaterdirty．Dirtyrain，calledacidrain，isalsobadforplants，animalsandbuildings．__48_peoplehavemadewellstogetcleanwaterfromunderground.Buttherestillisn’tenough.Scientists__49_thatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon’thaveenoughcleanwater.Whenwedon’ttakecareofourwater，wearehurtingeveryone．It’stimetostartlearninghowtosavemorewaterfor__50_andourchildren．()41.A.difficultB.importantC.comfortable()42.A.thatB.whetherC.what()43.A.eventsB.problemsC.questions()44.A.keepB.letC.make()45.A.forB.atC.of()46.A.alsoB.eitherC.too()47.A.rainsB.rainC.raining()48.A.muchB.manyC.few()49.A.talkB.sayC.speak()50.A.ourB.weC.ourselves【真題演練】AFearsaresomethingweallhave.Youneedtofaceyourfearsandtogetoverthem.However,it'seasier____(41)thandone.Runningawayfromyourfearsdoesn’tmakethemleaveItjustmakesthem__(42)…thanever.We'renevergoingtobe__(43)fearlesseverythingwedo,butwecanatleastbemorefearlessand(44)Whatarethefearsthatscareyoumuch?Checkwhattheyareandgetthem_(45)intheopen.Aretheythings__(46)heightorsnakes?Areyouafraidtotalktogirlorboy?Ar.youso(47)thatyouarefearingonsayingthewrongthing?Thesearecommonfearsthat__(48)yourdailylivesBeforeyoucanfacethem,youneedtolearnmoreabout(49)makesyoufearfulofthesesituationsCommunicatingyourfearoneway.Otherpeoplemaybeableto__(50)yourAnxiety(焦慮）becausetheyknowsomethingyoudon’t.Itcouldhefrom8past__(51),somethingthatyoucouldneverforgetandhasmadeyoufearful__(52)thenTofacefears,youhaveto__(53)insomething.It'saveryhealthywayoflettingyoufeelasifnothingcango(54)Whenyoufeelthatway,youmayheabletothink___(55)aboutyourfears.Youwillbeable10believethateverythingwillbeokay.Everythingdoesendupbeingokay41.AcalledB.actedC.dreamedD.said42.A.louderBsillierC.brighterD.bigger43.A.similarlyB.speciallyC.completelyD.strongly44.A.honestB.confidentC.patientDenergetic45.A.outB.belowC.aboutDaway46A.likeB.behindC.amongDabove47.A.freeB;shyC.politeD.peaceful48.A.wonderB.pretendC.influenceD.save49.A.whoB.whyCwhereD.what50.A.remindB.realiseC.representD.receive51'.A.seasonB.expressionC.subjectD.experience52.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.until53.A.believeB.suggestC.dreamD.succeed54.A.guiltyB.wrongC.directD.correct55.A.mostlyB.fairlyC.differentlyD.gentlyBForyearsscientistshavebeenarguingaboutwhethernatureornurture(后天)decideswhatpeoplewillbelike.Isitnature—whatpeopleare(41)with—thatdecideswhattheywillbelike?(42)isitnurture—what(43)topeoplewhentheyareborn—thatdecideswhattheywillbelike?Scientistshavebeenstudyingtwinsto(44)iftheycanfindtheanswer,becausetwinsstartoutwiththe(45)DNA.Sometimestwinsdon’tlivetogetheratbirthandgrowupindifferent(46)anddifferentplaces—sothenatureisthesameforboth,butthenurtureisdifferent.Whenscientists(47)thesetwinsintheirlaterlife,theysometimesfindsomesurprising(48).JimSpringerandJimLewiswereadopted（收養(yǎng)）bytwodifferentfamiliesatbirth.Theyfirstmeteachotheragainthirty-nineyears(49)anddiscoveredtheyhadalotin(50).Bothhadbeen(51)twice.TheirfirstwiveswerebothnamedLindaandtheirsecondwiveswerebothnamedBetty!Eachtwinhadason—onecalledhissonJamesAlanandthe(52)calledhissonJamesAlan,too.Theirchildreneachhadadogcalled“Toy”.Theyevenarrivedattheirfirst(53)inthesamecolorofcar.Sofartwin(54)seemtoshowthatbothnatureandnurtureareimportant.Whatwehavefrombirth,andhowandwherewelivehelptobuild(55)weare.41.A.born B.grown C.taught D.made42.A.So B.And C.If D.Or43.A.pretendsB.happens C.falls D.depends44.A.hear B.win C.see D.plan45.A.nice B.same C.full D.free46.A.families B.cities C.countries D.nations47.A.believe B.suggest C.receive D.compare48.A.numbers B.discoveries C.results D.decisions49.A.ago B.later C.forward D.behind50.A.common B.fact C.danger D.trouble51.A.mentioned B.married C.succeededD.interviewed52.A.either B.else C.other D.only53.A.competition B.education C.purpose D.meeting54.A.studies B.movies C.challengesD.mysteries55.A.what B.when C.where D.whoCSomestudentscheat(作弊)becausethey’rebusyorlazyandtheywanttogetgoodgradeswithout(41)thetimestudying.Otherstudentsmightfeelthattheycan’t(42)thetestwithoutcheating.Evenwhenthereseemstobea“goodreason”forcheating,itisn’tagood(43).Astudentwhothinkscheatingistheonlywaytopassatest(44)totalkwiththeteacherandhisorherparentssotheycanfindsomebetterwaystogether.Talkingabouttheseproblemsand(45)themoutwillhelpfeelbetterthancheating.Ifastudentgets(46)cheating,theteachermaygivea“(47)”onthetest,sendhimorhertotheheadteacher’s(48),andcallhisorherparents